STUDY OF INTRASPECIFIC DIVERSITY OF BREEDING SAMPLES OF DURUM WHEAT IN THE CASPIAN LOWLAND OF DAGESTAN

In 2022-2024, the Dagestan Experimental Station of the branch of the All-Russian Institute studied valuable breeding traits (earliness, resistance to fungal diseases and lodging, plant height, productivity and its components) of 1567 samples of the world collection of durum wheat from Russia, neighboring countries, Asia, America and Africa. For a comparative analysis of the samples as standards were used Odari and Yarina (selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “P.P. Lukyanenko Grain Research Center”) varieties of durum wheat. It was found that the earing date of the samples falls on 27.04-21.05. The limit of variation of the trait is 24 days, with the onset of this phenological phase for the standards 07.05-10.05. The samples were divided into three classes with an interval of eight days: early-ripening (27.04-4.05), midripening (5.05-13.05) and late-ripening (14.05-21.05). The ratio of the volumes of the distinguished classes is 7.5 : 51.4 : 41.1. The largest share falls on mid-ripening samples (51.4%). By origin, early-ripening durum wheat mainly comes from Asia, Mexico and Africa. Samples combining early maturity and productivity were found: k-66281 (650 g), k-66276 (700), k-66278 (850), and i-632815 (650 g). Fungal diseases on durum wheat plants manifest themselves to a moderate degree. Their development does not reach the epiphytotic level, which does not allow a reliable assessment of the field resistance of the collection samples. In 2024, due to natural and climatic conditions, regular precipitation and strong winds, severe lodging of some samples before the beginning of earing was observed. It affected the quality of grain production. The height of the studied samples varied from 80 to 180 cm, the Odari and Yarin standards - 100 and 110 cm, respectively. Samples with breeding valuable traits were identified, as well as productive ones with high adaptive potential, which can be used both in genetic research and in practical selection to improve existing varieties and develop new ones.

durum wheat, fungal diseases, resistance, productivity, variety, selection