Pharmacy Formulas

The advancement of biotechnological methods for developing therapeutic molecules necessitates the selection of a drug formulation that is appropriate for the intended route of administration and ensures the desired therapeutic effect. Currently, drug films registered in the Russian Federation contain only small molecules (nitroglycerin, drotaverine, sildenafil, and taurine). Promising high-molecular compounds for incorporation into films include proteolytic enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, hormones, and others. The aim of this study was to test the incorporation of a model protein compound—bovine serum albumin—into a film-based drug formulation. The films were produced using polymer solution casting technique: the matrix components were dissolved in deionized water with heating (90-95°C) and stirring (300–500 rpm) on a laboratory hotplate stirrer. The model protein was then dissolved in this gel at room temperature. The mixture was cast onto polymer weighing boats in 2.0 g portions, transferred to a fume hood, and left overnight for solvent evaporation. As a result of this research, a composition for the polymer film matrix was developed, containing 2% w/w polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5% w/w sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 0.5% w/w glycerol. The model protein was loaded into the casting solution at a concentration of 40 mg/ml. It was determined that the film can contain up to 30 mg of protein (326 mg/g of film) without significant changes in quality parameters, with complete release occurring in a solvent medium within 15 minutes. The resulting films were homogeneous, semi-transparent, odorless, and square-shaped, with a length and width of 32 ± 1 mm. The average film mass was 0.092 ± 0.0036 g, with 95.36 ± 0.06% solvent evaporation. The producing technics does not changes the protein’s molecular weight, confirming the feasibility of incorporating therapeutically active proteins for local action into such films.

This study focuses on examining the morbidity, mortality, and characteristics of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The aim was to identify patterns in the dynamics, age-specific characteristics, and quality of patient registration of NHL (C82-85) based on data from the population-based cancer registry. The relevance of the study stems from the heterogeneity of the NHL group, which includes approximately 100 subtypes, necessitating a differentiated approach to diagnosis and treatment. The research material consisted of registry data, reference books, and publications characterizing the epidemiology of NHL. Data analysis revealed specific prevalence (taking into account sex), age distribution, localization structure, and mortality dynamics from NHL, as well as assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the detection and registration of morbidity. It was confirmed that mortality is the most reliable indicator of the effectiveness of cancer treatment, less susceptible to distortions than morbidity and survival rates. The results obtained can serve as a basis for developing more effective strategies for the control and prevention of NHL, taking into account regional characteristics of the course and outcomes of the disease, as well as factors affecting statistics.

Modern approaches to pain therapy largely rely on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, yet remain ineffective for many patients. Furthermore, they lead to tolerance, polypharmacy, and dependence, underscoring the necessity for pathogenetically justified, multi-target treatment approaches. Nociception refers to the physiological process aimed at identifying noxious stimuli via Aδ- and C-fibers and transmitting the pain signal to higher centers. Structural and functional changes in the nociceptive system, associated with processes of peripheral and central sensitization, play a key role in the chronification of pain. TRPV1–4 and TRPA1 ion channels are molecular sensors expressed on nociceptors, which modify the thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli into pain signals, playing a central role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pain. Tissue damage and the development of a neuroinflammatory cascade lead to the sensitization of TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors on peripheral nociceptors, lowering their activation threshold and amplifying afferent input. This review examines modern approaches to defining pain and nociception, the neurobiological basis of nociceptive signal transduction and transmission involving TRPV and TRPA receptors, as well as the role of neuroimmune factors in the function of the nociceptive system.

This review examines the contemporary role and developmental prospects of personalized biomedicine as a pivotal direction in healthcare. Particular emphasis is placed on multi-omics technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and interactomics), which constitute the foundation of molecular-genetic tools for the development and implementation of innovative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic-rehabilitative biomedical technologies and products. Their application is critically important in the treatment of primary chronic non-communicable diseases (PCNCDs). Methodological approaches and advancements in the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and interactomics are systematically described, highlighting their contribution to understanding the pathogenesis of PCNCDs. The review also presents current perspectives and challenges associated with the use of spatial omics, as well as the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence for the further advancement of personalized biomedicine methodologies.