


Vol 39, No 10 (2019)
- Year: 2019
- Articles: 24
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1068-798X/issue/view/14045
Article
Stress–Strain State of Internal Rubber Shock-Absorbing Components in a Small Supporting Roller of a Caterpillar System
Abstract
The stress–strain state of rubber components in the internal shock absorbers of a small-diameter supporting roller in a caterpillar system is analyzed. An algorithm for its calculation is proposed. The stress–strain states due to axial compression in roller assembly and the radial operational force are considered. The influence of axial compression of the rubber components on the radial rigidity of the supporting roller is determined.



Determining the Displacement of the Rotor Shaft in an Electrical Machine
Abstract



Local Heat Transfer in the Combustion Chamber of a Hydrogen Diesel
Abstract
By three-dimensional modeling, the local heat transfer in the combustion chamber of a traditional diesel is compared with that in a promising hydrogen diesel, which is based on the direct injection of gaseous hydrogen. The local heat transfer in the combustion chamber of a hydrogen diesel is analyzed, because it must be taken into account in the conversion of mass-produced diesel engines.



Selection of Working Frequencies in Complex Plane Motion of Saws within a Woodcutting System
Abstract
Abstract—A woodcutting system based on complex plane motion (translation + rotation) of the saw blades is promising in principle but proves unstable in practice. This may be addressed by selecting working frequencies of the saws that differ from the eigenfrequencies and other parametric frequencies of the system. To that end, those frequencies must be identified. In the present work, a mathematical model of the saw system is derived. Its mass and size are optimized. On that basis, an energy-saving sawing machine superior in performance to comparable machines is manufactured and tested.



Production of Large Disks from Cylindrical Blanks by Plastic Deformation. 5. Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Results
Abstract
Abstract—Comparison of calculation results and experimental data shows that the model derived for the plastic deformation of large disks or hard-to-deform disks is very precise and reliable. On the basis of the formulas obtained, the deforming forces may be determined and defects (irregularities) associated with plastic deformation may be predicted at the industrial design stage.



Digital Twin for 3D Printing on CNC Machines
Abstract
A system has been developed for 3D printing by means of arc welding in CNC machines. Modules for high-speed computation and for the training of neural networks (with feedback) may be connected to this 3D printing system so as to optimize the welding process and improve product quality. A digital twin expands the capabilities of CAM systems in preparing control programs and equipment for CNC machines.






Five Theorems of Turbulence and Their Practical Application
Abstract
Five theorems of turbulence are stated on the basis of experimental and theoretical research. These theorems permit simpler mathematical description of the gas dynamics of viscous, nonsteady, nonequilibrium, and compressible fluxes. Some conclusions are reached regarding the gas dynamics of combustion chambers and nozzles in rocket engines.



Production of Hollow Alloy Blanks with Shape Memory Effect
Abstract
Abstract—The manufacture of blanks from alloys based on titanium nickelide with shape memory is proposed by means of reverse extrusion with subsequent thermomechanical treatment and crimping. The alloy plasticity is analyzed as a function of the temperature and strain rate. The shaping of such blanks is investigated.



Influence of Alternating Stress on the Life of Metal-Cutting Tools
Abstract
Abstract—The failure of cutting tools is investigated. A generalized approach to describing failure is proposed, on the basis of the theory of random point processes. Two mechanisms by which the abrasive particles act on the tool’s cutting edge are considered. The corresponding dynamics of damage accumulation is described.



Software for Simulating the Surface Wear of Tools
Abstract
Software for recording machining tracks in abrasive lapping is described. The software permits prediction of the shape and magnitude of the tool’s surface wear at the stage of process design, on the basis of the dimensions of the workpiece and the lap, their relative velocity, and the machining trajectory.



Finishing with Free and Bound Abrasive
Abstract
Abrasive finishing of a single crystal by means of free and bound abrasive is compared in conditions with forced and free workpiece rotation. Experimental data show that the influence of forced and free workpiece rotation is different for finishing by means of free and bound abrasive. In machining by bound abrasive with forced rotation, the cutting rate and productivity are 25% higher, on average, than with free rotation.



Depth of the Disintegrated Layer in the Abrasive Finishing of Single Crystals
Abstract
The abrasive finishing of monocrystalline lithium niobate is considered. The action of abrasive grains on the surface of the workpiece creates a layer of disintegrated material. The depth F of the disintegrated layer may be calculated as F = 12h, where h is the height of the surface relief, corresponding to the roughness Rmax.



Predicting Metallic Defects in Casting BrA9ZhZL Alloy Tool Electrodes
Abstract
A method is proposed for modeling the lost-wax casting of tool electrodes by means of fusible BrA9ZhZL copper-based alloy. The functionality of the casting system is analyzed. The heating and cooling of a ceramic mold is taken into account in visualizing the temperature fields. Sections where shrinkage pores may form in the casting are identified.



Manufacture of Wear-Resistant Cast-Iron Grinding Balls without Shrinkage Defects
Abstract
A manufacturing technology has been developed for wear-resistant cast-iron grinding balls without shrinkage defects. In this method, the balls are cast in single-use sand–clay molds. A new approach to designing the casting system is developed. By numerical modeling, the time dependence of solidification is derived. As a trial, grinding balls are produced by the proposed technology.



Turning of F-4UV20 Composite Plastic
Abstract
The turning of F-4UV20 composite plastic is investigated. Continuous chip is formed in all the experimental conditions: cutting speed 16–100 m/min; supply 0.05–0.2 mm/turn; cutting depth 0.5–2 mm. The wear of the cutting insert is uniform (0.1 mm at the rear surface and 0.3 mm at the front surface), with no traces of adhesion. After turning, carbon fibers remain on the machined surface, conferring antifrictional properties without significant effect on the roughness.



Surface Roughness of Steel in Turning with Metal Buildup on the Tool
Abstract
In the machining of steel, metal from the workpiece may build up on the tool’s cutting edge. The influence of such buildup on the roughness of the machined surface in the turning of 40Х steel is simulated. The cutting conditions and the tool geometry are found to affect the surface roughness. The adhesive properties of the machined material are also significant. Vibration in the machine tool does not have a statistically significant influence on the surface roughness. That may be attributed to the rigidity of the equipment employed.



Wear Resistance of Steel Parts after Electrospark Alloying by Graphite Electrodes
Abstract
The influence of electrospark alloying of regular-quality Ст.3 steel on its wear resistance is investigated. The tribological properties of the strengthened surface in dry friction are investigated as a function of the number of passes in electrospark alloying and the current in the graphite electrode.



Mechanical Properties of Products after Electric-Discharge Machining
Abstract
The mechanical properties of 38Х2Н2МА steel components after electric-discharge machining (EDM) are experimentally studied. The strength of workpieces obtained by turning and EDM is compared. The life of samples in few-cycle fatigue is determined. The life of 38Х2Н2МА steel samples after EDM is 30% less than after turning. There is little difference in the strength of 38Х2Н2МА steel samples after EDM and after turning.



More Efficient Electric-Discharge Machining of 38Х2Н2МА Steel
Abstract
On the basis of experimental data, recommendations are made regarding the electric-discharge machining (EDM) of 38Х2Н2МА alloy-steel parts with improved high-temperature wear resistance. Those recommendations ensure high quality of the machined surface with the highest possible productivity. In the finishing pass, to ensure roughness Ra = 2.4, the following parameters are chosen: voltage U = 100 V; time of pulse action T = 150 µs; and current I = 6 A.



Electric-Discharge Machining of Polymer Composites
Abstract
The electric-discharge machining (EDM) of VKU-29 composite is experimentally studied. The influence of the machining conditions on the lateral electrode gap (the difference between the width of the slot in the polymer composite produced by EDM and the width of the tool electrode) is determined. The electrode gap observed in the machining of VKU-29 composite is analogous to that observed in the machining of steel workpieces. It depends on the pulse energy. Comparison of graphite, copper, and composite tool electrodes shows that the best surface quality is obtained in the latter case. In EDM by a composite electrode, no traces of damage or fluffing are seen on the machined surface.











