Vol 26, No 191 (2021)

We analyze the domestic experience of training students and Post-Graduates of high technologies on the example of the leading universities of science cities of Russia: Biysk Technological Institute (branch of the Polzunov Altai State Technical University) (Biysk), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna), Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering – branch of National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Obninsk), Pushchino State Natural Science Institute (Pushchino). We consider educational programs, the main directions of research activity, interaction with enterprises, Research Institutes, Scientific Production Centers, interaction technologies. As a result, conceptual approaches to the successful development of the leading universities of science cities in Russia are identified: support for new companies (“startups”) the founders of which are usually enterprises, research institutes or universities; promotion of entrepreneurial independence of students and employees of higher educational institutions and research institutions; integration of large and small technology companies into innovative clusters; conducting student internships and performing research work in the laboratories of science cities; assistance from state, regional and local authorities, grant assistance.

Critical thinking is a special type of mental activity aimed at interpreting the world around us and evaluating the expected results. In this work, we consider the critical thinking development of linguistic university students in the process of teaching listening in English, analyze the terminology on the subject under study, develop and describe a three-stage model for the critical thinking development of linguistic university students through listening. A foreign language has a huge educational potential for the development of a student’s personality, and the develop ment of critical thinking is most actively carried out in foreign language communication. It is believed that students form a new world view, close to native speakers’. Thus, critical thinking allows us to consider objects, phenomena and processes from different sides, to find non-standard solutions, to comprehend familiar information in a different way. We give definition of the concept of “critical thinking”. The proposed algorithm is based on the technology of developing critical thinking, which is used in synthesis with the model of teaching listening. Since the technology of developing critical thinking of linguistic university students is represented by three stages: challenge, content comprehension and reflection. It is easily projected onto the above-mentioned model of three-phase listening teaching, which is mandatory for students of a linguistic university. The standard tasks presented in the work on the critical thinking development through listening form a system of exercises aimed at achieving a certain result at each stage of teaching.

This study examines translation competence building in university students majoring in economics. The research question is the translation competence of the economist. It is shown that competence should be developed through university education since translation skills are one of the key prerequisites for a successful career in the international economy. Written translation and sight translation are identified as the most relevant kinds of translation for the economist. The fundamentals of developing the translation competence in the economics students as part of the language for specific purposes course and the applications of key learning principles at Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation (Odintsovo Branch) are analyzed. The value of such learning principles as scientific approach, awareness, consistency, availability, and visualization is emphasized; it covers the skills and abilities relevant for both translators and economists. The following areas of curriculum development and teaching that meet today’s challenges are analyzed: teaching aids selection and systematization; offline and online interaction with the students; curriculum and administrative support for the educators. The conclusions are as follows: the key requirement is making the translation course contents match the foreign language course; the focus is on studying the specialized terminology and building the information/terminology search skills in native and foreign languages. Another focus area is promoting the student learning activities, their motivation and intrinsic readiness to perform specialized translation.

The reasons for the introduction of children and adolescents to the use of drugs are analyzed, the medical and social consequences of drug addiction for the health of the younger generation are given. The theoretical and methodological prerequisites for pedagogical prevention ofdrug addiction among school students in the general education system are substantiated. The basisfor the implementation of preventive measures in the educational process is the development andimplementation of special programs for students at different stages of training. The directions andpedagogical aspects of the organization of anti-drug work with students, which increase the effectiveness of preventive programs is disclosed. An important condition for the implementation ofpedagogical work with school students on the prevention of drug addiction is the implementationof an integrated approach that takes into account the unity of educational, upbringing and healthimproving effects. The necessity of interconnection of pedagogical work on the prevention of drugaddiction with the formation of their motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle is shown.

An online questionnaire survey of leading kettlebell coaches allowed us to significantlyexpand the number of respondents and, most importantly, to track their point of view on the following aspects of the training process of kettlebell lifting: 1) the degree of significance and optimal ratio of volumes of general physical and special managerial training as structural elements of thesystem of the training process; 2) use of simulators as a means of increasing the effectiveness ofspecial physical training in the system of the training process; 3) there is a paradoxical contradiction between a low degree of theoretical knowledge and a high degree of practical demand forscientific justification and systematic study of the role and significance of the pace of performanceof competitive exercises in order to increase their effectiveness; 4) the need for personal correctionrate in accordance with the characteristics of individual motor skills of the athlete. The survey allowed us to conceptually decide on the direction of further research in the field of theory and practice of kettlebell lifting.

One of the pressing problems is the effectiveness of the use of online education in creative universities and how to preserve and not destroy the traditions of Russian education and the accumulated experience of creative workers of culture and arts of various fields. We discuss the need to switch to online education in creative universities. We scientifically substantiate methodic support, which effectively affects the development of the system of creative universities, identifying, among other things, ways of using the online learning system in creative universities. A model and stages of planning the pedagogical process in the online learning system in creative universities is designed. The introduction of online education into the educational process of creative universities involves the direct use of information technologies. Interest in the work is also aroused by the considered forms of teaching a subject in the online learning system of creative universities. Ways of solving problems of a technical, pedagogical and methodological nature are proposed and the effectiveness of the implementation of the concept of online education in creative universities is proved.

We analyze the specifics of performance and intonation clavier works of the Baroque era. An approximate model of the system for mastering the art of intonation of Baroque clavier music is given. The complex of expressive means of works for the Baroque clavier is analyzed. The subject of the research is the process of performance and intonation of Baroque clavier works. The purpose of the research is a scientific and theoretical justification of the system of mastering the culture of performance and intonation of Baroque clavier works. The relevance of the research is that there is a need to study the musical heritage of the Baroque era, preserve and continue the traditions of performing Baroque music, and search for innovative approaches to its development. The research methodology was based on the analysis of the results of experimental work on the research topic; comparative analysis and systematization of the main provisions of the intonation and style approach to the development of the musical heritage of the Baroque era. As a result of this research, a system is formulated and the need for stage-by-stage development of the piano performance culture-intonation of musical works of the Baroque era is confirmed. It is concluded that mastering the art of performance and intonation of clavier works of the Baroque era involves mastering the specifics of reading the musical text of clavier works, mastering the complex system of musical and expressive means of the Baroque era, the art of performing melisms. The field of application of the results obtained is the practical activity of a teacher-musician.

The urgency of vocational training for pop-jazz musicians is substantiated. The aim of the study is to determine the necessary components in the work on professional sound production in the process of teaching pop-jazz vocal, as well as to demonstrate some ways to increase the efficiency of work on sound in the classroom. The issues of the development of a professional singing voice in the process of teaching pop-jazz performance are considered. The research methods included: study of special literature, analysis and generalization of research and pedagogical experience of the work of leading specialists in the field of music education and performance. The high degree of influence of the level of professional training of performers-vocalists on the national musical culture is proved. Practical recommendations for work on singing sound production in the process of professional training of pop-jazz singers in modern music educational institutions are presented.

We substantiate the need to develop pedagogical cooperation as a condition for the cognitive development of preschoolers with disabilities (on the example of children with mental retardation) in inclusive education. Domestic preschool education is based on new educational standards and equal educational opportunities for students. Our position is that the development of the cognitive sphere of preschoolers with mental retardation in inclusive education is most successful in the process of cooperation of children with teachers (teacher-defectologist and educators). The results of an experimental study carried out on the basis of the “Kindergarten no. 5 “Zvonochek” of the city of Tambov are presented. 20 preschoolers with mental retardation took part in the experimental work. The study of cognitive mental processes was carried out with the help of diagnostic methods: “Correction test”; “10 words”; “Elimination of extra”. The developed program of pedagogical cooperation as a condition for the cognitive development of preschoolers with mental retardation in inclusive education includes two blocks: the first block – classes on “Familiarization with the outside world”; the second block – classes on “Development of elementary mathematical concepts” in the process of joint activities of children, a teacher-defectologist and educators in a preschool educational organization. The relationship between the identified blocks of the program is analyzed, the main factors for pedagogical cooperation are determined. A comparative analysis of the level of development of cognitive processes in preschoolers with mental retardation (experimental and control groups) at the control stage is presented, proving the effectiveness of the tested program.

The work reflects the historical and theoretical aspect of the method of teaching reading in Russia: three stages of development of methodic science in this direction are described. A comparative analysis of the definitions of the concept “reading” in different sources of knowledge is carried out, and the methodic phenomenon of reading is described. The psychological-pedagogical and reference materials used in the work reveal both achievements in the methods of teaching children to read, and problematic issues. In particular, the issue of the objectives in the teaching reading, determined by the age peculiarities of the participants in the process, drawing on the works of psychologists and supervisors a difference is read as the physiological actions and how speech activities, are called classical and alternative methods of learning to read and other. We come to conclusions about the possibility of learning to read in preschool age, since theoretical and empirical prerequisites are created, and practical methods of teaching children to read are developed. A hypothesis is put forward about the need for individualization of training and the creation of a scientifically based technology of the process.

The problem of pre-university pedagogical education is actualized with the goal of identifying its theoretical and methodological foundations, analyzing the features and specifics in the context of continuous pedagogical education. By means of the methods of theoretical analysis of literature, contextual and dynamic analysis of pedagogical systems: a) the socio-educational and practical importance of pre-university education in the context of its normative uncertainty, semantic categorical “blurring”, lack of scientific substantiation is emphasized; b) the factors that complicate the process of pre-university education are named; c) the concepts of “continuous pedagogical education”, “pre-university education” are theoretically formulated; d) revealed the theoretical and methodological foundations of pre-university education; e) the subjects are characterized; f) the types are differentiated (school, university and mixed); g) the functions of preuniversity education in its integration, socializing, adaptive, motivational and personalitydeveloping interpretations are studied, and its principles (humanism, continuity, social partnership, continuity, integrity) are systematized, and generalized signs (integrativity, practice-oriented, mobility).

The research is devoted to the storage and distribution of bread stocks in the sovereign residents of the fortress city of the eastern section of the Belgorod line in the second half of the 17th century. To analyze the set problems, information about bread stocks preserved in the inventory of cities compiled in 1678 is used. This document reflects information on all the cities of the Belgorod line and its neighboring counties in the context of a single time segment, which makes it possible to determine the general patterns of the distribution of bread stocks. During the study, a description was given of the structure and composition of granaries located in the fortresses of the eastern section of the Belgorod line. This allowed us to answer questions about the number of animal heads, tax collectors and clerks, as well as their social affiliation. It was determined that the bulk of the bread stored in the living yards was rye and oats, which could serve as a bread salary issued to service people, as well as grain sent to other cities and to the Don. In addition, the presence in sovereign dwellers of reserves of agricultural crops such as wheat, barley, buckwheat and millet, as well as grain processing products: rye and oat flour (thick) is revealed. It is established that the filling of living yards was uneven. Particular attention was paid to the study of the variability of the distribution of bread reserves in the inhabitants of the eastern section of the Belgorod line, in relation to the number of service garrisons, and the strategic importance of the bread reserves stored in sovereign residents and their influence in the development of the county land fund is determined.

We analyze the activities of B.P. Mansurov to establish contacts with Russian dignitaries and clerics interested in the implementation of the Palestinian project. It is shown that the greatest impact was caused by the need to implement large projects, such as the acquisition of land or the construction of churches. At the same time, support for the urgent needs of pilgrims (arrangement of hotels and hospices, food supply, treatment) became secondary and was not solved by B.P. Mansurov. As a result, dissatisfaction with his activities and opposition to both the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem, with which the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society competed for the flow of budget funds and donations, and with secular officials dissatisfied with the ineffective Russian policy in the region, grew. We describe the tension in relations between the Russian authorities and the Jerusalem Patriarchate due to the interference of the Russian Empire in the income of the Patriarch from the Bessarabian estates. Information is given about the support of the local Arab population, part of which traditionally belonged to Christian (including Orthodox) churches. It is indicated that public support for pilgrimage and missionary activities was more effective than that carried out through state (or close to dignitaries) organizations.

We address one of the episodes of the First World War revealing the problem of financial support of the residents of frontline territories who found themselves in the inner governorates of the Russian Empire due to their voluntary flight. The refugee wave was heterogeneous, it included different categories of migrants, which led to the fact that the government aid was often distributed in an uneven manner. It caused the desire on the part of some refugees to derive maximum value from the grants provided under equal conditions established by law. Additional opportunities for such actions were created by a large number of organizations that provided assistance to people who had left their homes and an overlap of their functions. It resulted in the emergence of numerous conflicts and the search for compromises in the context of uneven state support, which in its turn generated discontent and disbelief in the justice of the existing measures.

We consider the peculiarities of the development of handicraft industry in Tambov Governorate during the military communism and NEP. A decrease in fishing activity is noted during the period of military communism, especially in northern counties. The leather, cobbler and textile industries that were able to meet military needs developed during this period. The process of cooperation between the handicraftsmen began. However, while the original field cooperation was based on local government principles, in 1920 it was transferred to the management of the consumer cooperative society. An interesting phenomenon was the departure of workers from factories to handicraftsmen. During the NEP’s years, there was a revival in the handicraft industry. According to statistics, the number of handicraftsmen in the governorate almost doubled by 1925, but was still smaller than in the pre-reform period. The textile industry was the most developed in the NEP’s years. In 1921, trade cooperation was introduced from the consumer sector and merged into the governorate union of handicraft industry. There was an active work of governorate instructors, who trained handicraftsmen in new production technologies, identified problem areas of cooperation, and strengthened the ties between artels and the county union of handicraft industry. Master classes were also organized for handicraftsmen, and handicraft exhibitions were held. However, the cooperative movement has also faced a number of major problems – lack of sufficient raw materials, delays in supplying goods, poor quality, and disorganized government orders.

The purpose of the study is to determine how the development of the tourism business of Thomas Cook and Son in the Nile Valley influenced the perception and assessment of contemporaries of the British presence in Egypt at the end of the 19th century. The relevance of the analyzed problem lies in the fact that the study of the history of tourism in the era of New imperialism allows us to supplement our understanding of the representations of the empire and private business and their mutual influence. It is substantiated that, according to the views of contemporaries, the activities of the company contributed to the creation of conditions for the economic development of Egypt, opened these territories to the world, providing free movement along the Nile, and contributed to the spread of the English language, making this country more “civilized” in the eyes of Europeans. We conclude that, at the same time, the handbooks of the company broadcasted the achievements of the imperial policy of Great Britain, reinforcing the idea of the positive consequences of the British occupation for Egypt. It is concluded that the commercial success of private business became a visible manifestation of the success of the England’s civilizing mission. The research materials can be used to further study the relationship between the development of mass tourism and the colonial policy of Great Britain.