Vol 33, No 2 (2025)
- Year: 2025
- Articles: 10
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2313-2310/issue/view/21849
Full Issue
Ecology
Land-use transformation and carbon balance in Brazil’s biomes
Abstract
The study reviews the types of land cover and analyzes the transformation of land use in Brazilian biomes over the past 30 years. Carbon balance data in connection with changes in land cover are analyzed. The total area of Brazil’s transformed lands has been counted more than 100 million hectares over the past 30 years. The biomes of Amazonia, Cerrado, Mata Atlantica and Caatinga have undergone the greatest changes. One of the main reasons for the transformation is the expansion of agricultural land through deforestation. Thus, the total proportion of the country’s lands subjected to deforestation is 72%. Anthropogenic land cover transformation affects the carbon content in the biomass. Carbon stocks in case of some biomes of Brazil are negative. The lowest rate in Caating is - 43.8 CO2 E/year. The analysis was based on open spatial, statistical data and international scientific publications. The aim of the research is to study land use transformation in some Brazilian biomes and carbon balance in their ecosystems.



Industrial Ecology
Study of sorption properties of carbon fiber materials
Abstract
In order to assess the possibility and effectiveness of using fibrous carbon fabrics in the elimination of oil spills on the water surface, a study of the sorption properties of various types of carbon fabrics was conducted. The current task is to take timely measures to eliminate and utilize spilled oil and oil products. The purpose of this work is to determine the oil capacity of carbon fibrous materials of various grades and structures. To purify water from oil products, various purification methods are used: mechanical, chemical, physical-chemical, biological. The use of a particular method depends on the source, degree of pollution, volume of pollutant and other circumstances. Among the large number of known cleaning methods, sorption is of great interest as the only one of the most effective and inexpensive cleaning methods. To purify water to the maximum permissible concentration, sorbents must have high oil capacity, hydrophobicity, and also have increased buoyancy. A comparative analysis of the mechanical and thermal methods of reactivation of carbon fabrics after their use as an oil sorbent has been carried out.



Peculiarities of validation of climate projects, verification of their implementation results and changes in requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies
Abstract
The voluntary market for the circulation of carbon units has been operating in Russia since 2022, thanks to which leading Russian companies register their climate projects in the registry of carbon units, issue and conduct transactions with carbon units. Given the importance of the financial implications of such operations, the confirmation of the reliability of data on actual greenhouse gas emissions and/or their absorption is of particular importance, so the issuance of carbon units is preceded by the validation of climate projects and verification of their results. Confidence in the conclusions on validation and verification is ensured by compliance of greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies with accreditation criteria which are harmonised with international standards and documents of international accreditation organisations. Thus, to recognise the results of validation and verification as in Russia also abroad, greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies need to ensure constant monitoring of changes in accreditation criteria and timely implementation of changes in their management system. This research considers the specifics of validation of climate projects and verification of their results, as well as an analysis of changes in the requirements for the activities of greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies in 2025.



Influence of bioutiluzation on quality and safety indicators of sunflower husk
Abstract
Sunflower husk is formed during the production of sunflower oil and due to its poor digestibility by the body, cannot be widely used for animal feed. The authors studied the effect of microbiological fermentation during fermentation for 12 and 24 hours on the quality and safety indicators of sunflower husk. The results of laboratory studies have proven that 1) regardless of the time of microbiological fermentation, the mass fraction of moisture, crude fat, and crude fiber significantly decreased; the mass fraction of crude protein, crude ash, and starch content increased; the level of metabolic energy for all animal species and the content of soluble carbohydrates increased, but the difference was not significant; 2) the resulting fermented product meets the biological and chemical safety requirements for animal feed.



Human ecology
Type of temperament as a factor of temporary adaptation of athletes of the highest achievements during trans-meridional movements to other environmental conditions
Abstract
At the present stage of preparation of athletes of the highest achievements for participation in international competitions it is necessary to know the influence of mental properties on the efficiency of temporary adaptation in the conditions of overcoming several time zones to other environmental conditions. The state of the organism was recorded at rest according to the heart rate variability during a 5-minute measurement using the hardware-statistical complex ‘Varicard’. On the example of elite sportsmen parachutists it was revealed that stable properties of men's temperament protect from the negative impact of stressors, influencing their assessment of the environment. Women are prone to emotional stress and are subject to the negative influence of transmeridional movement, so they need earlier individual and group preparation for competitions than men.



Geoecology
Provision of green areas in functional zones of Voronezh city
Abstract
The relevance of this study is tied to the growing need for effective management of urban green spaces, which play a key role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing the quality of life for city residents. In the context of intense urbanization, cities face challenges related to the disruption of ecosystem functions within green areas. The main aim of this paper is to conduct a geoecological assessment of the state of urban greenery in the city of Voronezh using modern methods, including the calculation of significance coefficients for dendrological indicators. The comprehensive approach applied in this article combines traditional ecological diagnostic methods with consideration of dynamic environmental changes. The results indicate a significant contrast in the spatial distribution of green areas in Voronezh, which is linked to urban planning characteristics and anthropogenic impacts. The most extensively greened areas are the natural-recreational and special zones, whereas residential and industrial areas require improvements in their greening. The conclusion emphasizes that to improve the state of urban green spaces in Voronezh, further research should consider changes in ecological factors, alongside refining geoecological assessment methods to foster the development of more resilient urban ecosystems.



Analysis of geo-ecological factors influencing the choice of development option for the Kumzhinskoye gas condensate field
Abstract
The study considers the Kumzhinskoye gas condensate field located in the northern part of the Timan-Pechora province in the Nenets Autonomous District, its level of development, environmental situation, the significance of its industrial development. Three possible variants of the field development are presented. A review and detailed analysis of geo-ecological factors influencing the choice of the option of field development is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, the most favourable option for environmental preservation is proposed.



Chemical and mineral composition of snow cover at snow waste accumulation sites in Ulan-Ude
Abstract
For the first time, a study was conducted on the quality of snow cover placed on snow accumulation sites as a result of winter street cleaning in Ulan-Ude. Macro- and microelement composition of snow water and chemical and mineral composition of snow cover solid sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the snow placed on the snow accumulation sites of Ulan-Ude in general satisfies the environmental quality standards in terms of the content of the main cations and anions in snow water and the mineral and chemical composition of the solid sediment. It is largely due to the ban on the use of aggressive anti-icing agents in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia. Meanwhile, the content of Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, Hg in snow melt water exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations by 1.4-30.5 times, which is caused by the high anthropogenic load on the snow cover of Ulan-Ude in general and the cleaned areas in particular.



Accumulation and distribution of chemical elements in Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. plants. Wigg of the Transbaikal region
Abstract
The study presents data on the peculiarities of accumulation of some chemical elements in soils and organs of Taraxacum officinale growing in Duldurginsky and Akshinsky districts of Transbaikal Territory. The content of chemical elements in the studied samples was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that the content of gross and mobile forms of elements in soils of Akshinsky district is higher than in soil samples of Duldurginsky district. According to geoaccumulation index soils were characterised as practically uncontaminated. According to the content of elements in the organs of the studied species as a whole it is possible to build a series: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb. Calculation of root barrier coefficients showed that barrier type of accumulation is characteristic for Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb. Exceedances of MPC (dry vegetables) in the above-ground and underground parts of the plant for Zn and Cu were detected, while exceedances of MPC (for medicinal raw materials) for Pb were not detected.



Integrated geo-ecological assessment of drill cuttings and approaches to their disposal
Abstract
The study discusses the chemical properties of rock and drill cuttings. Drill cuttings have a negative impact on the components of the natural environment: soil cover, atmospheric air, groundwater. The purpose of the research was a comprehensive study of the chemical characteristics in the system “rock - drilling fluid - drill cuttings” and proposing approaches to the disposal of drill cuttings. When drilling wells, various types of drilling fluids are used, which affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the cuttings. It was established that the water-based salt drilling fluid with the addition of biodegradable polymers contained high values of water-soluble salts, the highest value was observed for chloride ion - 71087.0 mg/kg. The hydrocarbon-based drilling fluid was characterized by a high content of petroleum products, the concentration of this indicator was 9000 mg/kg. The content of heavy metals depended not only on the composition of drilling fluids, but also on their initial content in the rock. Excesses of arsenic in rock and drill cuttings samples relative to the clarkes of microelements in the lithosphere were revealed. The research results make it possible to establish patterns between drill cuttings and the choice of treatment method, which will reduce the consumption of natural resources and create the preconditions for an environmental and economic effect for the regions.


