Vol 7, No 3 (2023)

The development of technologies used in the law-making process related to significant social interests’ identification is possible with the gradual, consistent development of scientific ideas about them, as well as the technologies’ practical application issues’ legal regulation level corresponding to the achieving law-making decisions’ effectiveness goal. Interest is considered as a legal regulation’s transformation determinant in public life various spheres. The research analyzes some technological solutions to consolidate the interests considered in the work, their legal security issues, as well as improving the procedure for citizens’ participation in the discussion of draft regulatory legal acts on the Internet. It is concluded that the artificial intelligence development has the prospect of transforming the existing approaches to the sources’ analysis from which the legislature can extract information about relevant interests in order to further their legal mediation. Along with this, it is stated that the participation of a person (a carrier of knowledge, values) as a processes’ administrator for identifying interests, it is not only rational due to the need for constant and of digital technologies’ in-depth improvement, but also in order to level the interests’ distortion risks, law abuse.

The representative of the authorities concept in the criminal law of the Russian Federation is researched. Being key for a significant number of crimes, understanding its essence, content, and specific features eliminates problems in the process of qualifying socially dangerous acts. The definition is analyzed taking into account the judicial interpretation that has emerged in Russia, contained in a number of the Russian Federation Supreme Court Plenums’ decisions. The features, prerequisites and the concept transformation patterns in criminal legislation are structured, taking into account the method of historicism. Various scientific approaches are studied and summarized, during which specific differences are established. The author’s definition is proposed, indicating key features, including the legality of the performance of duties, the limits of the exercise of power, and the generation of legal consequences. The approach to the dual understanding of a representative of the authorities is substantiated. The crimes provided for in Chapter 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (against state power, the interests of public service and service in local government bodies) reveal the essence of a representative of the authorities as a function. For crimes regulated by Chapter 32 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (against the order of management), a representative of the authorities is defined as an official. Understanding a representative of the authorities as a function and as an official eliminates the contradictions existing in doctrine and judicial practice, since in one case the representative of the authorities acts as a subject of a crime, in another as a special victim.

The importance of the topic is due to the wide advancing and dissemination of additional professional education, the development and functioning of educational services market, which increases the educational content misuse’s risks and threats as an intellectual property object (IP rights). The purpose of the research is to identify and determine the theoretical features of additional professional education programs’ materials’ protection. Such tasks as basic categories identification, analysis of the court disputes’ current practice related to educational materials protection as intellectual property objects, as well as the measures definition established by law to protect the additional professional education programs’ educational content as intellectual property objects are defined. Through the study of empirical data, primarily expressed in the materials of judicial practice, an attempt is made to generalize and systematize additional professional education programs’ protection legal regulation theoretical issues as intellectual property objects in the field of education. It is concluded that training materials fall under the definition of a work, and taking into account their properties expressed in the means of visualization through, in most cases, presentations and video courses with the independence signs presence and self-sufficiency, additional professional education programs training materials are recognized as composite works.

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the development of medical engineering has reached a level where it is possible to create a prototype organ using 3D bioprinting technology. The purpose of this study is to conduct a legal analysis of the implementation of this procedure in the Russian Federation and determine ways to resolve the existing contradictions. To date, we are not yet talking about the mass production of biomedical implants, however, understanding the importance of 3D bioprinting in the future of regenerative medicine, we consider it necessary to develop legislative regulation of this area of activity. The methodology consists of dialectical, structural, formal legal and comparative legal methods, analysis and synthesis. As part of the study, the legal structure of legal relations in the field of creating organs and tissues by using the functions of a 3D bioprinter was analyzed; their subsequent transplantation into the human body. It is noted that the legal issues of the implementation of transplantation of created organs and tissues using bioprinting technology remain unresolved. Their solution is seen in a comprehensive change in the current legislation governing the 3D bioprinting procedure use and the further products circulation created with its help.

Economic turnover subjects’ disputes subordination issues to proceedings through non-state arbitration and the arbitration institutions competence to resolve specific disputes types are analyzed. The Italian Republic legislation and Italian arbitration institutions’ activities are investigated. The above-mentioned state is characterized by a sufficiently developed economy and a large trade turnover, which entails a large number of agreements between business entities both within the country and within the framework of international economic relations. Consequently, commercial arbitration, as a dispute resolution means, has a rich history and a high development level within the Italian legal system. The scope of commercial arbitration in Italy and the legal regulation of the disputes jurisdiction and the arbitration institutions’ competence are considered in detail. Conclusions are drawn about the features and problems in these legal and economic sectors.

The article presents a theoretical and legal analysis of the concept of “comprehensive child safety”, which is new to Russian legislation, and is enshrined in the Strategy of comprehensive child safety in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, approved by the President of the Russian Federation Decree no. 358 of May 17, 2023. It is emphasized that it is necessary to develop a definition of “comprehensive safety” concept at the doctrinal level due to the absence of an appropriate prescription establishing its content in the strategic planning document itself. The purpose of the research is to determine the content of “comprehensive child safety” concept to substantiate the possibility of considering the latter as a separate type of national security focused on specific strategic national interests’ implementation stated in the National Security Strategy 2021. Comprehensive child safety is an individual security integral part as a whole, but at childhood development stage. Ensuring the child safety issues in an integrated relationship with national interests, strategic national priorities and strategic planning as a whole are not studied at the doctrinal level and require theoretical development. General scientific and private scientific methods, including special legal ones, were used as research methods. The main research methods used are analysis, comparative legal and formal legal methods. Based on the strategic planning documents’ analysis, the author’s definition of “comprehensive child safety” concept is formulated, its content elements are indicated. The conclusion is made that the main purpose of ensuring the comprehensive child safety is to achieve the unhindered realization by minors of their rights and legitimate interests provided by current legislation norms. Ensuring such a state will allow achieving the harmonious development of the child as a person in the future.

In order to implement the norms of the Concept for the penitentiary system development of the Russian Federation until 2030 on the creation of a united type institution, an attempt was made to develop a model of such a correctional institution. The study addresses the issue of creating the legal and organizational foundations for the functioning of a united institution. To fix any phenomenon at the legal level, first of all, a theoretical model should be created, its scientific justification should be proposed. At the same time, both in the national penitentiary legislation and in the foreign one, there are already elements of the model of the united type institutions proposed by the Concept for the development of the penitentiary system. At the Russian Federation legislative level, a change in the correctional institution type is provided, either by increasing the rights and freedoms scope of the convict, or by reducing it. Statistical data confirm the practical implementation of these institutions, in connection with which there is a need for the sites presence of a colony-settlement and a prison as the design model part of a united type institution. The model of the united type institution could be supplemented by correctional colonies without distinguishing their regimes, but with the allocation of conditions for serving sentences within one correctional colony. Also, in the proposed model, it is necessary to provide for the placement of a pre-trial detention center, which will ensure a consistent corrective working process with persons who have committed a crime. As for the site creation for juvenile convicts, it raises doubts. Since the specificity of the special contingent in the form of juvenile convicts implies a separate content from adult convicts. The most optimal idea seems to be about a single complex of correctional institutions for persons who have committed a crime before they reach the age of eighteen, which is a combination of a pre-trial detention center, educational and correctional colonies on the same territory. The model of a united type institution can be structurally represented as follows: pre-trial detention center; Correctional Facility; a room in a prison regime; the colony area.