Vol 28, No 1 (2025)
DEMOGRAHFY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
Economic factors in the demography of Russian regions (2017–2023)
Abstract
The subject of the study is permanent population of the regions of Russia on average for 2017–2023.The topic of the study is economic factors of fertility, mortality and migration of the population of the regions of Russia on average for this period. The purpose of the study is to identify and justify the presence or absence of relationships between the economic and demographic characteristics of the population of the regions of Russia according to data on average for 2017–2023. Research methods — demographic statistical analysis. The source of statistics for calculations is Rosstat. Results and conclusions of the study show that at the level of Russian regions, the connection between migration and economic factors is weak. A moderate connection is visible only between migration and housing prices. The more economically developed the region, the more attractive it is for migrants, and the higher the housing prices in it. Due to similar circumstances, a moderate connection is visible between migration and the mortality indicator — life expectancy at birth (LE). In economically developed regions of Russia, the life expectancy, determined by the standard and conditions of life, is higher than in economically less developed regions (with the exception of North Caucasus republics). The links between life expectancy and direct economic factors are moderate and negatively directed. This is largely explained by high wages and incomes — in the outlying northern regions of Russia from the European North to the Far East. In most of these territories, the life expectancy is low, which is associated not only with the severity of the climate, poorly developed road and social infrastructure, but also with the peculiarities of the way of life of the indigenous peoples of these regions. The relationship betweenlife expectancy and housing prices, as well as the relationship between life expectancy and the total fertility rate, is practically absent at the regional level. The relationships between the TFR and direct economic factors are moderate, but, unlike life expectancy, positively directed.
Population. 2025;28(1):4-16
4-16
Demographic sustainability in the regions of the steppe zone of Russia
Abstract
The relevance of this study is due to the active dynamics of demographic processes and the changing views on sustainable development of territories. While population growth is not the sole priority, maintaining a high level of human potential and reducing the impact of negative factors are essential for improving the quality of society. The purpose of the study was to assess the dynamics of demographic sustainability in the regions of the steppe zone of Russia in the period of 2003–2022. The object of the study was 17 regions of Russia located entirely or partially in the steppe zone and identified on the basis of common natural and economic factors and location specifics. To assess the demographic sustainability of the regions of the steppe zone, an integral index was formed based on the indicators of demographic processes grouped by the main aspects of population movement. As a result, a change in the distribution of regions by the level of demographic sustainability over five-year periods was revealed. In general, there has been a positive trend in the steppe region. From 2003 to 2007, 9 regions of the steppe had a low level of demographic stability. By 2017, none of these regions remained in this category, moving instead into the category with an average level of demographic stability, with Chelyabinsk and Novosibirsk oblasts moving into the category of high demographic stability. But then the situation in the steppe zone worsened — by 2022, the level of demographic stability in 4 regions reached the lowest values and only 5 regions did not change the level of demographic stability. The influence of external factors (pandemic, geopolitical processes), which intensified by the end of the period under review, is obvious, that contributed to an increase in the death rate and migration outflow of the population.
Population. 2025;28(1):17-26
17-26
Corporate citizenship in the demographic sphere as a new research topic in modern Russia
Abstract
Addressing issues related to low fertility is one of the most important priorities of the Russian state today. The article is devoted to the currently widely discussed problem of involving enterprises in supporting the fulfillment of family responsibilities by their employees. It is proved that due to the inclusion of support for families with children and birth rate growth in the national development goals of Russia, implementation of corporate demographic policies today can no longer be considered as a local measure of employee support, but as a position of corporate citizenship taken by the management of enterprises implementing appropriate support measures. The purpose of the study is to consider dynamics in the development of scientific discourse on the topics related to support of employers for fulfillment of parental duties by employees, and to develop a conceptual approach to the study of this topic in modern Russia. A scientometric analysis of the literature on corporate citizenship and corporate demographic policy indexed in the Web of Science International scientific citation database for 1990–2024 showed that most of the research is focused on a small circle of countries and does not include Russia, there is currently no simultaneous formulation of issues of corporate citizenship and policies friendly to workers’ families. The article presents a conceptual model for studying the process of involving employers in solving demographic problems of the country. Public administration bodies, employers and employees are identified as the main stakeholders in this process. The conceptual approaches include interconnectedness and necessity of balancing the interests of participants in the process of business inclusion in solving demographic problems, consideration of corporate citizenship in the demographic sphere as a special position of the employer in this process, and comprehensive studying the process of its formation in modern Russia.
Population. 2025;28(1):27-39
27-39
Emotional problems at the stages of reproductive choice: from planning to postpartum depression
Abstract
The article is devoted to analysis of the main features of the psycho-emotional state of women and its regulation at different stages of reproductive decision-making: pregnancy planning, pregnancy preservation, childbirth. For a long time, the emotional characteristics of these periods remained an individual problem that went beyond the interests of society. With a high unregulated birth rate, emotions attracted attention only in connection with conditions that physically threaten a woman’s life and her subsequent fertility. Today, the relevance of the topic is due to the institutional equivalence of all options for reproductive choice — from conscious refusal to give birth to children, natural pregnancy and independent childbirth to in vitro fertilization (IVF) using donor cells, pregnancy with the help of surrogate mothers, cryopreservation of embryos for «delayed births», and so on. All of them are characterized by emotional stress, the mitigation of which is possible taking into account the peculiarities at each stage of reproductive choice and the social nature of reproductive decisions. In the context of the pronatal demographic policy, which involves expanding the scope of socio-economic assistance to families with children, two groups of the population who refuse to procreate are of interest: women who are afraid of childbirth, and patients with infertility. Abortion is emotionally flawed, because, even performed by qualified specialists, it allows to preserve woman’s reproductive health, but it is often accompanied by personal problems that are not considered as a deviation from the population norm; this is how abortion differs from the pathological fear of childbirth, which was classified as an independent phobia («tokophobia») in 2000. Current reproductive plans at the stage of decision on artificial termination of pregnancy are considered antinatal, although they may change in the future, therefore psychological assistance should be aimed at «forming reproductive attitudes of adolescents and mitigating the consequences of stigmatization of abortions. Similar measures are also effective in the treatment of postpartum depression.
Population. 2025;28(1):40-50
40-50
DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Family and natural reproduction of population in the paradigms of socio-demographic development
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problems of natural reproduction of the Russian population and the most important factors for reversing the trend of population decline and entering an upward trajectory of demographic development. The features of population reproduction caused by the socio-demographic crisis that arose in the post-Soviet period and continues until recently, as well as the institutional crisis of the modern family, are considered. The information base for the study was Russian and foreign statistical sources (Federal State Statistics Service, World Bank database). The features of the manifestation of the family crisis in Russian society, the factors of family disintegration (market economy, ideology of consumer society, postmodern culture, hedonism, anti-family and anti-natalist culture) are considered. There are given examples of the crises of natural population reproduction in powerful civilizations of the past (Ancient Greece and Rome), which disappeared from the historical scene largely due to falling birth rates and population decline. The article provides a review and assessment of modern concepts and approaches to raising the level of natural reproduction of the population. It is concluded that the changes in the natural reproduction of the population going on in the country in recent decades indicate a pronounced decrease in the level of national security. The author believes like other experts that an unbalanced mass migration influx from other countries to Russia (against the background of sharply reduced natural reproduction of the indigenous ethnic group) can lead to a gradual change in the ethno-cultural balance and loss of the Russian civilizational identity. Therefore, an extremely desirable alternative of a paramount importance for the country is to ensure expanded natural reproduction of the indigenous population, especially the state-forming people, whose number has been declining for decades to an unacceptable extent due to a number of fundamental historical reasons.
Population. 2025;28(1):51-63
51-63
Urbanization in countries of the world: potential and dynamics for 1960–2022
Abstract
The object of the study presented in the article was 215 countries of the world, the subject of the study was the dynamics of the urban population in 1960–2022. The study puts forward and partially confirms the hypothesis that development of settlements (countries) is subject to dialectical laws of development: from rural settlements to urban agglomerations and even to full-fledged city-states with 100 percent urban population (however, they still remain anomalous states). To test the hypothesis based on methods of mathematical, statistical and other types of analysis and modeling, we analyzed the dynamics of the percentage of urban population in 215 countries of the world for the period from 1960 to 2022 in order to identify global trends in the urbanization process and forecast until 2025. Also, during the study, tasks such as grouping countries of the world (by urbanization potential) and identifying critically low values of urbanization potential were set and solved. The grouping is based on the percentile method — countries with high urbanization potential (from the 100th to 51st percentile), countries with low potential (50th to 0th percentile). At the same time, leading countries (100–90th percentile) and outsider countries (10–0th percentile) were especially highlighted, and a critically low value of urbanization potential was determined, equal to the 10th percentile. In general, the study showed that, on average, the growth of urbanization in the countries of the world will continue and in 2025 will amount to 66% of the urban population in the world (an increase of almost 2 times since 1960), the limit (maximum potential) of urbanization will be 90–100% of the urban population (an increase of approximately 1.37 times) and critically low urbanization values will amount to about 30% of the world’s urban population (an increase of more than 3 times since 1960).
Population. 2025;28(1):64-75
64-75
Housing aspects of fertility policy: China’s experience
Abstract
China’s specific feature is the use of housing tools to implement demographic policy: birth control, population aging compensation, and accelerated urbanization as a base for further economic growth based on post-industrial modernization and innovation. Abolition of the compulsory single-child policy in 2016, which lasted for more than 30 years, did not lead to the expected increase in the birth rate, and most often the rejection of the second child was explained by financial and housing problems. The extraordinary role of the residential real estate sector in China’s economic development has contributed to the housing boom, the reproductive consequences of which are caused by the housing status of different groups of the population (owners and tenants of commercial and social housing), institutional specifics (hukou registration system, taxes) and socio-demographic differentiation of regions. Although rising housing prices increase both the incomes of owners and the expenses of tenants, the birth rate remains low everywhere. Since national housing policy measures are implemented at the provincial level under the conditions of executive autonomy of local self-government, regional and municipal authorities independently choose the most effective ones to stimulate the birth rate. The diversity of the housing sector, which combines the features of the modern market and the traditions of the national planned economy, makes it possible to link the requirements for consumers of social housing with the number of children born and the reproductive prospects of the family, to purchase second homes for the «floating» population as temporary housing for student children, and to take into account the quality of educational institutions in the school district when deciding on the birth of a child. Of particular interest is China’s experience in the evolution of pronatal demographic policy measures at the stages of abandoning single-child family, allowing two-child family and stimulating three-child family starting in 2021 in regions with different birth rates.
Population. 2025;28(1):76-88
76-88
Features of the Chinese regional demographic policy in the northwestern province of Shaanxi
Abstract
One of the factors for the success of regional transformations in the northwestern region is stability of the demographic indicators of its provinces and autonomous regions. The article analyzes modern regional demographic policy in Shaanxi in order to identify the demographic problems of this province. As part of the national strategy for balanced development of China’s population, announced in 2016, regional demographic policy in the northwestern province of Shaanxi is aimed at increasing population growth, reducing mortality, raising birth rate, attracting highly qualified workers from other provinces and foreign countries to ensure socio-economic recovery of both this province and the northwestern Chinese territories on the whole. Based on the analysis of Shaanxi statistical data for2000–2023, the article shows uneven distribution of the population throughout the province, accelerated growth of the city of Xi’an at the expense of other cities in the province and rural areas, and decrease in the proportion of working-age residents. The author has found that Shaanxi is creating high-quality socio-economic conditions in the areas of healthcare, education, provision of high-paying vacancies in the labor market, and formation of a uniform spatial innovation infrastructure.
Population. 2025;28(1):89-100
89-100
Assessment of the modern confessional structure of the population of the regions of Latvia
Abstract
Currently, Latvia can be characterized as a multi-confessional state. In the modern religious structure of the country’s population, adherents of the three main directions of Christianity are represented approximately equally: Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism. However, the Latvian population census does not record the religious composition of the population. The article sets the task of assessing the modern religious structure of the population of the historical regions of Latvia (Vidzeme, Latgale, Zemagale and Kurzeme) and its capital, based on the results of sociological surveys at the country level, as well as on the results of population censuses, which asked about the religious affiliation of people. This assessment is based on the methodology developed by the authors. At the Latvian level, the results of a sociological survey of the population conducted by the Latvian agency SKDS in 2018 were used. From the national statistics for 2023, the potential religious structure of the population of Latvia and its regions was calculated based on the traditional religious affiliations of ethnic groups. This structure was then adjusted taking into account the proportion of Catholic Latvians and Orthodox Latvians based on the results of population censuses when the question on religion was asked (from 1897 to 1935). Then, modern religiosity was assessed within each of the main potential-confessional groups of the population, which turned out to be the highest in the group of the potential-Orthodox population (87%), to whom potential Catholics (85%) were slightly behind in this regard, and potential Protestants (slightly above 50%) were significantly behind. Based on the calculated national average religiosity of potential religious groups, an assessment was made of the distribution of the population of the historical regions of Latvia and the capital of the country among the three main religious groups and the non-religious part of the population.
Population. 2025;28(1):101-113
101-113
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN REGIONS
Typology of Russian regions according to human potential indicators
Abstract
The article presents the results of creatiing a typology of the country’s regions according to the characteristics of various components of human potential. The purpose of the study is to group regions by the level of human potential development and identify exemplary and lagging regions among them in this aspect. The object of the study is 85 Russian regions and indicators of their human potential. First, 22 indicators of human potential were considered, characterizing various aspects of human potential: demographic, labor, educational, cultural, environmental and related to social health, including its negative components — alcohol consumption and crime. Further, the selected indicators were analyzed and checked for multicollinearity, resulting in 9 indicators reflecting life expectancy, fertility, morbidity, the proportion of highly skilled workers, the proportion of managers and specialists, alcohol consumption, the number of visits to museums and theaters, the number of divorces, environmental behavior. Creation of a typology was carried out using the methods of cluster analysis: hierarchical and k-means. The official statistics data on the socio-economic development of the regions for 2021 were used. As a result of clustering, 9 groups of regions were obtained, from 1 to 22 regions in the group. Each group is given a meaningful characteristic. The grouping of regions differs greatly from the usual typologies of economic development. For example, the Moscow and Leningrad oblasts are defined as «below average» in terms of human potential characteristics, while the highly economically developed Republic of Tatarstan and the subsidized Pskov oblast are in the same group. The resulting typology expands our understanding of the regional differentiation of human potential and allows us to take a different look at the level of its development in separate regions and their groups. The main benefit of the presented typology is that groups with high values of human potential indicators should become the objects of analysis of the effective measures implemented by regions, thanks to which the regions have achieved good results. This experience should be extended to other regions that are less successful in terms of human development.
Population. 2025;28(1):114-126
114-126
Rural social services in Russia: dynamics, problems and solutions
Abstract
The article considers the changes of rural social infrastructure in Russian Federation during the recent ten years, including analysis of regulatory legal acts on rural development, as well as statistical data for 2010, 2015 and 2022. There is no federal law regulating the socio-economic development of the Russian rural areas. As a consequence, it remains an underestimated sphere as compared to the attention paid to agricultural production. Targeted approach to managing rural development, used in the national projects and state programs, has rather low efficiency due to limited range of measures. Most of funding is invested in rural housing and infrastructure, while there is declared, but actually not implemented a comprehensive approach to rural development. Analysis of the statistical data on rural social services (education, healthcare, sports, culture, domestic services and retail) shows their stagnation or reduction, mostly due to outflow of rural population and contraction of rural economy. This primarily affects the spheres of healthcare, culture, retail and domestic services. The situation is slightly better in education, where state standards are implemented, and in sport infrastructure provision. To radically improve the rural social services, the government should implement a comprehensive policy for rural development: appropriate legal basis, responsible and effective public administration, setting standards for providing rural social services, support of different rural economy sectors. Also, in the implementation of the state policy on development of human capital, it is necessary to pay more attention to rural social sphere.
Population. 2025;28(1):127-137
127-137
Demographic trends and the social sphere development in the Lugansk People’s Republic
Abstract
The demographic and social development of the Lugansk People’s Republic (the LPR) in the period of 2014–2022 is the study subject. The study aim is to identify the main trends and features of the demographic development, as well as the social sphere of the LPR, which were formed, among other things, during the period of the «unrecognized» independence of the republic in 2014–2021, and to outline possible mechanisms to overcome negative trends, taking into account the new status of the region. The research is based on the methods of descriptive, statistical and comparative analysis. The information base was provided by the data of the State Statistics Committee of the LPR. Also, for comparative analysis, some previously collected data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, as well as data from studies by individual authors, were used. The demographic situation in the LPR was analyzed for 2014–2022, and the social sphere development for 2014–2021.The analysis showed that in 2014–2022 the human potential of the region significantly decreased, and the pace of its recovery is still insufficient. The population continues to decline. Natural decrease and migration outflow are the main factors of the population decline. There is observed a negative dynamics in the development of health care systems, as well as secondary and higher education in the LPR, although in recent years there has been stabilization and even an increase in certain indicators. In 2023, the transport and social infrastructure in the LPR was significantly updated at the expense of public funds, which allows us to hope in the future for improvement of a decrease in negative demographic dynamics. However, the demographic problems still require special solutions, proposals for some of which are presented in the article.
Population. 2025;28(1):138-152
138-152
Effects of the transformations in the regional healthcare system: contribution to saving the population health
Abstract
The relevance of studying the changes in the healthcare system aimed at saving the population health, preserving human potential and labor potential of the population, is due to demographic challenges to Russia: a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in the demographic burden, etc. The scientific significance of the study lies in development of methodological approaches that consider the healthcare system as a profitable industry, in contrast to the existing approaches that define it as a costly industry, proposal of the author’s approach, which allows us to identify «bottlenecks» in the activities of the regional healthcare system by areas and services, determine development priorities and evaluate the effects of the measures aimed at preventing and reducing morbidity, mortality and disability of the population. The author’s approach was tested using the example of implementing measures in the regional healthcare system of Sverdlovsk oblast aimed at improving the population health. Based on utility theory using the gross regional product (GRP) per capita indicator, the effects of measures aimed at improving population health in Sverdlovsk oblast are assessed. Assessment of the effect of increasing life expectancy at birth in Sverdlovsk oblast in value terms was based on the concept of «weak sustainability» using the Human Development Index. The implementation of innovative transformations by services in the healthcare system of Sverdlovsk oblast shows achievement of high medical, social, and economic effects, helps to improve the level of health of the region’s population, reduce losses of the working population. There are substantiated the directions of healthcare development that are most effective from the standpoint of restoring health and prolonging the life of the population of the region, as well as contributing to raising the efficiency of the regional healthcare system.
Population. 2025;28(1):153-167
153-167
QUALITY AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF POPULATION
Precarization of employment as a factor of depreciation of human capital
Abstract
Precarization as a special form of social and labor relations is integrated into the structure of society and various sectors of the economy. The danger of devaluation of human capital is caused by the scale of precarization, since unstable employment can be observed both in the informal and formal sectors of the economy, and unemployment exacerbates the situation and leads to a loss of qualifications and professional identity, which contributes to transition to the ranks of the precariat. The purpose of the study was to identify the possible impact of precarization on the preservation of human capital. The article examines the factors, conditions and trends affecting the growth of precarious employment. The authors substantiate the thesis about the negative impact of precarization on the reproduction of human capital, contributing to its depreciation. The article presents the structural characteristics of precarization, shows the dependence of the formation of social labor relations on age, level of education, types of economic activity, and specialties. There are given comparative characteristics and structure of employees by type of employment, which makes it possible to predict the dynamics of precarious employment growth. Preservation and development of human capital is possible only through improvement of the government policy regarding formation of legal conditions for introduction of more flexible forms of employment and expansion of opportunities for the use of non-standard employment contracts, creation of new high-performance jobs.
Population. 2025;28(1):168-178
168-178
The role of consumer cooperatives in improving the quality of life of population
Abstract
Development of consumer cooperatives is one of the factors of the socio-economic development of the country and improving the quality of life of the population. The article set tasks to assess the negative consequences of the sanctions and their impact on the standard of living of the population, the role of consumer cooperatives in supporting a decent standard of living of the population, the relationships between the desire of citizens to have cooperative stores in their city or village and the expectation of certain benefits from cooperative stores. A hypothesis was put forward that there is a relationship between development of consumer cooperatives and increase in the quality of life of the population; in the course of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed. Based on the conducted survey (N = 4422), an assessment of the financial situation of the respondents is made, life circumstances that affected the respondents during the introduction of sanctions are analyzed, the role of consumer cooperation in supporting a decent standard of living of the population is identified; the desire of respondents to have cooperative stores in their city or village is revealed, as well as the personal expectations and interest of respondents in opening such stores. Analysis of the territorial distribution of the respondents’ assessments made it possible to find the greatest interest in the emergence of cooperative stores and the desire to buy goods in them demonstrated by city residents — this can become the basis for developing a strategy for the socio-economic development of cities. It was found that the lack of great interest in visiting cooperative stores among rural residents is due to insufficient level of effective information measures to clarify the essence of consumer cooperatives and shops to in order to improve the quality of life of the population.
Population. 2025;28(1):179-189
179-189
Development of agritourism as a factor in diversification of regional economy: impact on the quality of life of rural population
Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest in rural tourism, caused by the high level of urbanization and the need for outdoor recreation, as well as its multiplier impact on both the economy and the socio-cultural sphere of the village. The article explores agritourism as a mechanism for diversifying the regional economy and its role in the socio-economic development of rural areas in order to improve the quality of life of rural population. In Russian agriculture, there are a number of social problems that are extremely acute and require primary attention, in particular, the problems of rural employment, health, education, and leisure. Solution of these problems will contribute to a social upsurge of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the current state and prospects for development of agritourism in Russia, highlighting a significant gap between its potential and implementation in comparison with the experience of European countries, where it is one of the priority areas. Scientific theoretical approaches to identifying the role of agricultural tourism and its impact on sustainable regional development are also investigated. The article analyzed the multiplicative impact of agritourism on the countryside. It manifests itself through stimulating economic activity, strengthening social ties and cultural heritage, as well as through promotion of environmentally sustainable practices in rural areas. The authors note that for a sustainable growth of the regional agritourism, effective interaction of institutional structures with the development trends of this area is necessary. The article analyzes the impact of the components of the institutional structure on the effectiveness of the development of agritourism.
Population. 2025;28(1):190-203
190-203
Institute of family as a factor of forming trust in modern economic relations
Abstract
The institution of family represents the primary environment for formation of economic knowledge and values of young people, development of their financial culture. The transmission of family experience in the field of investment, savings, financial management, and a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship provides value and semantic content to the process of forming and developing trust in economic relations. The research results demonstrate the contradiction between the recognition of the family as a priority in the value system of Russians and the decrease in its functional significance in the process of socialization of young people and formation of trust. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and research results, the article identifies the factors that initiate the crisis of the family institution, the narrowing of the boundaries of its influence on the economic behavior patterns of young people, and the decline in trust. These factors include the following: dominance of the values of the consumer society, erosion of the culture of family relations, breaks in intergenerational ties in the family, deinstitutionalization of «home care» in the person of grandparents, loss and / or seizure of financial assets of families during the years of reforms and political upheavals, consolidated in the historical memory of Russian generations. These destructions cause a devaluation of the values of saving behavior, formation of a deficit of trust in the economy, an increase in credit debt, and a decrease in the motivation of entrepreneurship. The results of the expert survey show that assessments of the values and meanings of family as a mechanism for reproduction of trust in the economy are centered in the low range (2.84 points out of 5). The details of the experts’ answers illustrate the following distributions of assessments: in the field of savings (4.5 points), in the field of labor relations (3.0), in business and entrepreneurship (3.63), in the financial sphere (2.8). The article concludes that it is necessary to popularize successful family traditions of saving and investment behavior, implementation of entrepreneurial initiatives and accumulation of family capital.
Population. 2025;28(1):204-214
204-214
Housing conditions of immigrants in the context of integration: socio-economic, legal and cultural aspects
Abstract
The article examines the housing conditions of migrants as a multifaceted factor of socio-economic, legal, cultural (cultural-identification) integration. Using data from sociological surveys, interviews with experts and migrants, and experimental study, the author analyzes how housing and living conditions of labor migrants in Russia are related to various aspects of their integration into the host Russian society. The article contains three main parts relating to the three main areas of integration. The section on the socio-economic sphere analyzes the impact of income and professional level of migrants on their housing conditions. The section on the legal sphere describes the main mechanisms of migration registration of foreign citizens, as well as the discrepancies between the Russian legislation and actual registration practice. It is shown that migration registration is the main factor in the lack of documentation of migrants. The last section links housing conditions with the cultural integration of migrants. It shows how access to housing is associated with ethnic selectivity and xenophobia of Russians, as well as interethnic trust in «their own» among migrants. The article analyzes how housing influences reproduction of the native cultural environment, belonging to the host society and distancing between different categories of migrants. The author comes to the conclusion that housing as a factor of integration is at the junction of all the main spheres of this complex process, and such actualization and problematization of a separate factor of integration contributes to the discussion about the indicators of migrant integration. The study demonstrates how different indicators of integration are interconnected and interpenetrating. The extensive influence of housing conditions on all major areas of migrant integration should be taken into account by responsible bodies when planning measures to adapt foreign citizens to Russian society, and include measures not only to create a fund of affordable rental housing for the category of temporary labor migrants, but also legal and anti-discrimination initiatives for a wide range of foreign citizens.
Population. 2025;28(1):215-227
215-227
SCIENTIFIC LIFE AT ISESP FCTAS RAS
X International research and practical conference «Incomes, expenditures and savings of the Russian population: trends and prospects»
Population. 2025;28(1):228-234
228-234
Dissertation council at ISESP FCTAS RAS
Population. 2025;28(1):235-239
235-239