No 2(896) (2025)
Linguistics
The Image of Miracles in the Composition of the First Crusade “Conquête de Jérusalem”
Abstract
The research is devoted to the study of the features of the depiction of miracles based on the material of the old French work of the XIII century “Conquête de Jérusalem.” The purpose of the study is to identify and study the specifics of the manifestations of the miraculous (the participation of saints in battle, the appearance of mystical signs, miraculous events) and the means of their verbalization in the text. The work establishes the degree of compliance of the author’s ideas about the miraculous with the aesthetic and ethical norms of the Crusade era, as well as the genre canons of the Middle Ages (the genre of chronicles and gestures). The paper also discusses ways to implement the assessment of the miraculous by the knights participating in the campaign. All the
means used by the author realize the pragmatic purpose of the work – to convince the reader of the truth of the events described and the just outcome of the crusade.
9-15
Latin Legal Term “in Camera”: Equivalents, Etymology, Discourse Analysis
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the Latin legal term “in camera”, its equivalents in modern languages and their use in various discourses, from legal to literary. For this purpose, the use of the term “in camera” in the text of the Rome Statute was analyzed in the Romance, Russian and English languages. Particular attention is paid to the French legal language, where the phraseological unit “huis clos” is used as an equivalent of the term “in camera”. An etymological analysis of the components of the phraseological expression “huis clos” is carried out, its use in various discourse directions is presented, and the discursive interpretation of “huis clos” as a legal term in Sartre’s play is analyzed. The work is based on the methods of comparison, etymological analysis and discourse analysis, its results can be used in interdisciplinary research, as well as in foreign language classes.
16-21
“Historical Dictionary” by Charles Estienne (1504?–1564) as the Foundation of the Encyclopedic Tradition in France
Abstract
The research is devoted to one of the early French encyclopedias, the «Historical Dictionary» (1553) by Charles Etienne. The purpose of the study is to examine the scientific heritage of Charles Etienne (1504?–1564) from the point of view of the concepts of Studia litterarum and Homo historicus, which are key to Renaissance Erudite humanism. A general description of the scientific and educational activities of this outstanding representative of French humanism in the middle of the XVI century is given. It is emphasized that one of the reasons for the creation of this dictionary was the development of historical thought in France, which led to the birth of French national historiography. It is shown that thanks to the "Historical Dictionary" Sh. Etienne laid the foundation for French encyclopedism. Special attention is paid to the revisions of the dictionary that preceded the famous "Encyclopedia" by D’Alembert and Diderot.
22-28
Latin Antique and Medieval Palindromes in Diachrony
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to consider the main hypotheses of the origin of Latin palindromes as a linguistic, poetic and cultural phenomenon that reflects the universal aspiration of the human mind to mirror symmetry. The paper considers the diachronic aspect of the study of ancient and medieval Latin “magic squares” and palindromes in modern Russian and foreign science. The paper also gives an etymological and structural-semantic analysis of Latin lexical palindromes and prepositional palindromes.
29-36
Reception in Diachrony: the Genesis of English Legal Terms in Roman Law
Abstract
This research examines the etymology of a number of terms of the modern legal English language, which have a connection with the institutions of Roman law and ancient Roman religion. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of phonetic, word-formation, lexical, syntactic and semantic derivation of such terms, to identify their deep semantic structure in legal English and to clarify the dominants of their semantic fields. The analysis of the origin of such terms using the methods of contrastive linguistics allows a deeper understanding of the meaning of individual institutions and legal concepts that are still used in modern common law jurisdictions and the Romano-Germanic (continental) legal family.
37-43
Ergonymy of the Region: Dynamics and Modernity
Abstract
The article examines ergonymic nominations of the Brest region in the diachronic aspect. The purpose of the study is to identify the main nominative models of ergonyms of three time periods (pre/post-revolutionary, pre/post-war, modern periods). As material, 450 ergonymic nominations of the specified time periods were analyzed. It was established that ergonyms represent a dynamically developing segment reflecting not only the main trends in nominative practice, but also verbally marking the collective way of perception and organization of regional space. The authors show that socio-economic transformations have a significant impact on nominative processes, contribute to the emergence of new models (conversational ergonyms).
44-51
The Logic of Time Intervals Designation in French: huit jours, quinze jours, vingt jours
Abstract
The present study is devoted to the problem of the designation of time intervals in the French language in a diachronic aspect. The purpose of the study was to identify the reasons why the designation of time periods in French has no single basis. This problem has been known for a long time: at first glance, the following designations completely lack the logic: huit jours (eight days) − week, quinze jours (fifteen days) − two weeks, vingt jours (twenty days) − three weeks. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that the time periods in question were named in different periods and in accordance with different number systems adopted by different peoples, which had their influence on the formation of the French language.
52-58
Languages of Lyric Poetry of Medieval Romania: Cultural Codes and Pluralism of Artistic Styles
Abstract
In the Romance languages – Provençal, French, Italian and Galician-Portuguese – masterpieces of medieval lyric poetry were created in the Middle Ages. Romance glottonyms contain information about the origin and beginnings of the historical development of Romance languages. The basic glottonym is “Roman”, demonstrating the unity of the Roman peoples, heirs of the Roman Empire. Poetic languages are carriers of specific cultural codes that were formed in the conditions of the medieval courtly universe, influenced the appearance of European culture and became entrenched in European languages. Each of the poetic languages formed on the basis of the early written Romance languages can be considered as art: they provide new systems of versification, the decoration of which is rhyme, a variety of syntactic means of expression, which leads to variations and shades of poetic meanings. The aim of this study is to determine the poetic code of those Romance languages that became the basis of medieval lyric art. The poetic code is transmitted from language to language through linguocultural transfer, which is based on the interaction of verbal and artistic traditions.
59-66
On the Choice of the Auxiliary Verb in Old French (on the example of the verb ‘aller’)
Abstract
The aim of the work is to identify the inherent and discourse factors which determine the choice of the auxiliary verb in the building of analytical forms of non-terminative intransitive verb aller in Old French. The Ancien français corpus (which includes 75 different genres documents dating back to 1001–1299 with a total volume of 2,813,707 word-usages and is a part of the French Language Corpus Frantext) was used for the study. The language material was investigated with the help of the methods of contextual and etymological analysis. The analysis showed that the choice of the auxiliary verb is determined both by typological characteristics of the verb aller (non-terminativity, intransitivity), discourse factors (the presence of contextual hedges, the influence of the linguistic environment) and the genre of the text, its stylistic organization.
67-74
Identification of Means of the Category of Negation in a Balanced Linguistic Corpus
Abstract
The aim of the research is to develop a basic technology for identifying means of the category of negation within the framework of the software package “Balanced linguistic corpus generator and corpus manager”. The methods of analysis, testing, modeling, professionally oriented programming and experiment are applied. The language material is the corpus of recent CNN news texts with a volume of 1,024,583 tokens. As a result, the capabilities of the current version of the software package were clarified, and an extension was written that allows one to find lexical units that are directly subordinate to a given lemma.
75-80
Comparative Analysis of Text Comprehension by Human and Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to systematize and generalize the cognitive process of understanding text by humans and artificial intelligence. The article provides a comparative analysis using a specific model of text understanding and substantiates the importance of context and subjective perception. Psycholinguistic analysis helps to describe the cognitive processes of human understanding of text. Computer analysis provides a description of machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks. As a result of the comparative analysis, it is revealed that human understanding of a text includes not only rational analysis, but also cultural, emotional and individual experience. A person, unlike artificial intelligence, is capable of a deeper interpretation of the semantic and emotional content of a text.
81-88
Language Personality of the Teacher in the Educational Media Discourse: Event Vectors of Sign Actions
Abstract
The article defines the event vectors of the sign actions of the teacher’s linguistic personality in the educational media discourse. To achieve the goal, the following methods are used: inductivedeductive method, descriptive method, discourse analysis, content analysis, lexical-grammatical analysis, stylistic analysis, conceptual analysis, interpretive analysis, quantitative analysis. As a research material, Russian and foreign media texts are used as part of educational media communication, selected because of the use of continuous sampling. It has been established that such event vectors of the sign actions of the teacher’s linguistic personality as psychological, pedagogical, communicative, ethical vectors are distinguished in the educational media discourse.
89-96
Particular Traits of the Francophone Fairy Tale Discourse (based on the example of Moroccan fairy tales)
Abstract
The fairy tale being a special folklore genre is of particular scientific interest for analysis within the framework of linguistics, linguoculturology, sociolinguistics. Its aesthetic categories represent a heterogeneous component of the artistic, social, and cultural-historical codes. The article attempts to analyze the features of fairy-tale discourse based on the material of literary author’s Moroccan fairy tales. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe ethnocomponents, in particular, unmarked vocabulary, verbalization of chronotope, perception of space and symbolism. An attempt is made to analyze to what extent the Moroccan fairy-tale discourse follows the literary tradition of the fairy-tale genre. Based on the analysis, the specificity of the literary Moroccan fairy tale is described, in which the image of the original world of Morocco is intertwined with the European vision.
97-102
Speaker’s Empathy as a Linguistic Problem (using the example of French media discourse)
Abstract
The article analyzes the use of the term “speaker’s empathy” in modern Russian and foreign linguistics. The analysis aims to clarify the very understanding of this term, to prove its scientific relevance for a pragmatic description and to show the mechanism of the speaker’s empathy in French discourse, that is, to identify its linguistic markers. The study was carried out on the material of a media discourse: a number of French Internet messages about one event (the assassination attempt on Donald Trump). The analysis is based on the method of structural and semantic comparison of the propositions prevailing in the studied material. This made it possible not only to clarify the understanding of this term in linguistics, but also to identify the linguistic markers of the analyzed phenomenon in French media discourse, as well as to show the role of a broad context in its implementation.
103-110
Semantics of Reflecting Security Practices in French Proverbs and Sayings
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the semantics of reflecting security practices in French proverbs and sayings. It is implemented on the basis of a combination of methods of lexical analysis of French dictionaries and semantic analysis of paroemias, revealing French security practices. The main security categories in French are sécurité / séreté and insécurité. The semantic field of security categories in the French language is constructed. It is established that the paroemias about the practice of security in the French language have a heterogeneity in the use of basic categories and elements of their semantic field. A structure has been developed that includes a core, a near and far circle, and a potentially remote circle of controversies about security practices. Its elements have the semantics of reflecting security practices.
111-118
Literary criticism
Hagi Flowers as the Most Common Plant Name in Ancient Japanese Poetry
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the poetic image of hagi flowers in ancient Japanese poetry. The article, based on the first Japanese poetry anthology “Man’yōshū”, reveals the symbolic variability of the hagi flower image and defines its place and role in ancient Japanese poetry. Research results: the analysis showed that this image in ancient poetry not only served as a symbol of autumn and a signal of the onset of the harvest season, but was also used as a metaphor for a young girl, a lover, and a wife. Images of a deer, dew, autumn wind, geese, etc. could also be used as words complementing the poetic image of hagi. In addition, the word “hagi” could be part of such expressions as, for example, “shirahagi” and “hagi-no momichi”, meaning autumn and autumn foliage.
119-125
The Image of Russia in the Creative Works of J. M. Eça de Queirós
Abstract
The article pays attention to the image of Russia in the works of the most important writer of Portuguese realism, J. M. Eça de Queirós. The objective of the research is to define the specific features of the representation of Russia as a cultural and civilisational subject of world history in the perception of Portuguese literature of the XIXth century through the creative works of J. M. Eça de Queirós. From the analysis, it follows that the image of Russia in the mind of the Portuguese people of the XIXth is ambivalent: on the one hand, the country is inextricably linked with European reality and its cultural landscape. On the other hand, Russia represents alien and mysterious reality for Western Europe, which is supported by various myths.
126-132
Cultural studies
Utopian and Anti-utopian Views on the Architectural Process as a Prediction of the Period of Functionalism in Western Architecture in the First Half of the 20th Century
Abstract
The purpose of the publication is to study the influence of utopian and anti-utopian views on the architectural process of Western architecture in the first half of the twentieth century. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general scientific and special historical methods. The study is based on problem-historical analysis, taking into account the social conditions of that time. A major role was played by the retrospective method, assessing events in their historical development and revealing the problems under study in their dynamics, features and contradictions. The materials of the study include the works of More, Campanella, Fourier, Cabet, Owen, Bellamy, Chernyshevsky, Bogdanov, Zamyatin, Huxley, Orwell. The results of the study – utopians and anti-utopians in their ideas foresaw the period of functionalism in Western architecture.
133-140
The Natural Landscape Code of Culture in the Paroemias of the Turkic Peoples of the CIS Countries
Abstract
The goal of this research is to examine the Turkic ethnic culture’s natural landscape code as it is objectified in the paroemias of the peoples of the Central Asian CIS nations. The research material was the sayings and proverbs of the Turkic peoples. Ontological, axiological, semantic and hermeneutic approaches to the scientific analysis of paroemias were chosen as research methods. The study’s findings laid the groundwork for the development of the Turkic culture’s natural landscape code by exposing the fundamentals of ethnic philosophy. It is proved that this code does not just passively reflect the environment, it actively forms the worldview, value system, aesthetic preferences, and the psychological profile of representatives of the culture under study.
141-146