卷 38, 编号 3 (2019)
- 年: 2019
- 文章: 49
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/RMMArep/issue/view/1427
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar.383
Articles
Military Medical Academy in the formation and development of professional psychological selection of military personnel
摘要
The article presents information on the work of scientists of the Military Medical Academy on the establishment of a unified system of professional psychological selection and the development of methodological approaches to the study of the problems of professional suitability of military personnel (bibliography: 30 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):5-12
5-12
ROLE STORIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SELECTION OF CANDIDATES ENTERING THE MILITARY SERVICE UNDER THE CONTRACT
摘要
He Development of the questionnaire “36 role-playing stories” is one of the ways to solve the problem of obsolescence of methods. The new questionnaire is being developed in a new paradigm. Orientation is not the attitude of the subject to the problem, and his actions. The study was conducted on the basis of St. Petersburg state University (second-year students of the faculty of psychology). Involving 40 people, at the age of 19-20 years. Research methods: questionnaire to determine the level of neuroticism and psihopatizatsii; questionnaire makeovers of Garanyan N. G., Kholmogorova A. B.; the test included the figures Gotthold; questionnaire “the 36 plots”; the questionnaire Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte - (methodology Index lifestyle (Life Style Index, LSI); the California psychological inventory and psychophysiological research methods. The data obtained allow us to say that there are normative and non-normative types of behavior. Normative are adequate to the situation a combination of action. Abnormal (risky) behavior leads to illness. The basis of the work is the assumption that when designing tests it is more expedient to determine not the attitude of a person to the problem, but a series of his actions, since this or that “attitude” can lead to completely different actions. Human behavior is formed under the influence of the “picture of the world” created by him, which is a non-equilibrium structure polarized by his system of values (bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):13-18
13-18
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL SELECTION IN THE RUSSIAN NAVY
摘要
Necessity of improvement the professional psychological selection system in Russian Federation Armed Forces is shown. The analysis of now existing professional psychological selection system is given, its methodical, legal and staffing system problems are designated. The main methodological problem of professional psychological selection is transition from selection for training on military specialty to selection «on a post». Official duties at stages of professional growth can be similar in many respects, but requirements to professionally important qualities can be significantly differ. The inaccuracy of liquidation the experts and posts of psychophysiology doctors in system of professional psychological selection, and also negative consequences of such personnel decision are shown. Thus, key and urgent problems in system professional psychological selection are legal settlement, organizational and personnel support (bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):19-22
19-22
PSYCHOLOGICAL SELECTION OF MILITARY WOMEN PILOTS: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS
摘要
The article presents a historical and psychological analysis that allows highlighting the features of the psychological selection of women pilots in our country, to identify the existing problems of professional psychological selection of military women pilots, to identify promising areas of modernization of the selection of female pilots. The materials of psychological selection of female cadets are presented (bibliography: 6 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):23-25
23-25
PSYCHOGENETIC METHODS IN PROFESSIONAL SELECTION OF MILITARY SPECIALISTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS
摘要
Materials on new psychogenetic approaches to assessing the general psychological qualities of a person, cognitive functions, and resistance to stress are presented. An assessment of the current state of epigenetics and its capabilities in the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder is given. It is concluded that scientific research on psychogenetic and epigenetic indicators is promising in order to verify their connections with the characteristics of professional fitness and mental health of military personnel and to finalize the assessment of the possibilities of their use in the professional selection of military personnel. Ethical and legal aspects of psychogenetics are considered (bibliography: 30 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):26-33
26-33
STUDY OF STRESS RESISTANCE OF CANDIDATES FOR ADMISSION TO HIGHER MILITARY AVIATION PILOT SCHOOL
摘要
Objective: to research the effectiveness of the developed methodology for assessing stress resistance of candidates for admission to the Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (hereinafter referred to as candidate, applicant) in the process of passing professional psychological selection. Materials and methods. There were 3671 applicants who passed professional psychological selection at the Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots in the research: 1330 men in 2016, 1232 men in 2017, 1109 men in 2018. The age of the examined is in the range from 17 to 27 years, the average age is 18 years, 5 months. The developed original methodology with the following criteria: the productivity of mental activity and its dynamics in a stressful situation, the «price» of activity according to physiological indicators, changes in behaviour (behavioural manifestations) was used for assessing stress resistance of candidates. The expert-analytical method of multidimensional scaling, which was substantiated by leading scientists in the field of aviation psychology for the practical assessment of the professionally important qualities (PIQ) of a military pilot, was used to compile an integral assessment of stress resistance. The methodology for assessing of stress resistance was implemented at the base of the software of the psychophysiological device «Reakor» (NPKF Medicom MTD, Taganrog). Results of the study. The stressful stimulus has been developed for modeling stress reactions, consisting of complex arithmetic tasks in combination with factors such as sound and semantic noise suppressed in the headphones. The indicators have been standardized, the formula for an integrated indicator of stress resistance has been developed, in accordance with which the examined candidates are divided into four categories of suitability for flight training. Significant correlation relationships (p < 0.05) between the integrated assessment of stress resistance and the external criterion were identified, which were taken as indicators of tension and actions in special cases when cadets perform flights on an aircraft flight simulator. Conclusion. Based on the research, it was concluded that the developed methodology for assessing stress resistance has established a preliminary indicator of its predictability. The final confirmation of the criterion validity of the methodology can be obtained from the results of the initial flight training (flight practice) of cadets in the third year of study at the aviation training facilities of the flight school (3 tables, bibliography: 14 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):34-40
34-40
POSSIBILITIES OF USING ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN PROFESSIONAL SELECTION OF MILITARY SERVICE SERVERS
摘要
Objective: to establish differences between military personnel with a different group of professional suitability in terms of visual and quantitative analysis of background electroencephalograms. Materials and methods. The experimental group consisted of 122 men under a male contract who underwent a planned in-patient examination. The age of the subjects ranged from 33-45 years, averaging 39.3 years. The military personnel had various specialties. For each serviceman, the conclusion on professional suitability made in relation to him was taken into account with one of three categories (1st, 2nd, 3rd group of professional suitability). Each soldier underwent a comprehensive psychophysiological examination, including registration of a background electroencephalograms. Electroencephalograms recording and subsequent processing were carried out on a 24-channel QSI-9500 computer bioanalyzer from ESAOTE BIOMEDICA (Italy-Canada), in compliance with modern requirements. The background electroencephalograms were recorded under standard conditions for 3 minutes in a state of calm wakefulness with eyes closed. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of background electroencephalograms was carried out. Results. Distribution of electroencephalograms types by E. A. Zhirmunskaya in all three experimental groups of military personnel was significantly different from the normative presented in the literature. The closest to the normative indicators (the absence of violations of the background electroencephalograms) were the data of the military personnel included in the first experimental group (first, highest category of professional suitability). A factor analysis of the electroencephalograms power spectrum in standard frequency ranges revealed the presence of two leading factors reflecting relatively high-frequency (beta) and low-frequency (alpha) activity. Significant differences in factor loads were established in all three experimental groups. In particular, in the first group with the highest level of professional suitability, the factor load for the first factor was significantly higher than in the second and third experimental groups. Conclusion. The method of electroencephalography can serve as an informative additional method for the professional selection of military personnel under contract (2 tables, bibliography: 12 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):41-45
41-45
UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SELECTION OF CANDIDATES FOR TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN DEFENSE MINISTRY
摘要
The article substantiates the relevance of improving the methodological apparatus of professional psychological selection of candidates for training in universities of the Russian Defense Ministry. The structure, content, psychometric characteristics and results of testing of new techniques developed in the course of complex research work, which are planned for implementation in the system of professional psychological selection of candidates for training at universities of the Russian Defense Ministry. are shown (4 tables).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):46-51
46-51
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF PRE-UNIVERSITY GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PUPILS OF THE RUSSIAN DEFENSE MINISTRY
摘要
This article presents the current state of psychological and pedagogical support system of pre-university educational institutions pupils of the Russian Defense Ministry. The main results of many years research work on adolescents’ individual psychological characteristics formation and their military professional orientation, as well as the main psychological physiological patterns of development and psychological stages of adolescents’ adaptation to the training conditions in pre-university military schools are described (1 figure, 3 tables, bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):52-58
52-58
FEATURES OF ADAPTATION IN COMBATANTS AND ESTIMATION THEIR STRESS RESILIENCE
摘要
Objective: to study the characteristics of adaptation after mental traumatic stress and to create a method for the psychophysiological diagnosis of signs of partial post-traumatic stress disorder in healthy combatants. Materials and methods. 40 healthy servicemen who performed special tasks more than six months ago were examined. The average age of the subjects was 33.4 ± 0.8 years. Authors used post-traumatic stress disorder «Mississippi scale», Questionnaire of Neurotic Disorders developed in SRPI n. a. V.M. Bekhterev, SF-12 Quality of Life Questionnaire, expert assessment of the quality of professional functioning, as well as psychophysiological methods: combined activity on the perception and processing of multimodal sound and visual information against the background of sound interference on the automated «Operator system» and stress testing on the hardware software package «Reakor». During stress testing, physiological parameters were recorded. Results. According to the Mississippi Scale, 16 people were identified among 40 combatants with signs of an adaptation disorder called partial post-traumatic stress disorder. Signs of post-traumatic stress disorder in all military personnel of this group were manifested as neurotic, and in 7.5% of the combatants signs of psychotic disorders were added. For servicemen with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, there was a statistically significant decrease in self-esteem of quality of life. A comparison of groups with signs and without signs of post-traumatic stress disorder in terms of expert assessment and operator activity did not reveal a significant difference between them. 40% of combatants showed a decrease in the threshold of sensitivity to stress due to the presence of signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. A statistically significant mathematical model for the recognition of military personnel with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder according to physiological indicators , obtained in the course of stress testing on the hardware software package, is developed. Conclusion. 40% of combatants have signs of partial post-traumatic stress disorder (pre-nosological state), which are subject to medical and psychological correction to prevent the development of maladaptation in stressful working conditions (5 figs, 3 tables, bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):59-65
59-65
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN THE MILITARY PERSONNEL PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
摘要
The article describes the actual problems of important professional qualities formation of servicemen related the healthy lifestyle principles. The historical stages of this system occurrence and development are given, as well as the problems and importance for the military personnel of a healthy lifestyle and professional activity ethical aspect. Authors reported the need for ideas further development (bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):66-68
66-68
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RISKS OF EARLY PROFESSIONALIZING WHEN RECEIVING SECONDARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
摘要
Objective - to establish features of psychophysiological reactions, including, koping-strategy, in dynamics of daily activity at students of SPO studying in higher education institution of GPS Emercom of Russia for improvement of a system of medico-psychological maintenance. Materials and methods. The research is conducted on the basis of FGBOOU WAUGH of the GPS Emercom of Russia Ivanovo rescue and fire fighting academy, 10 students of the secondary professional education (SPE), average age - 18.1 ± 0.1 g are attracted. Were used a technique of “Koping-test Lazarus”. As external criterion tests Ravenna, “Reaction to a moving object”, “Bennet for GDZS” are used. The NS-Psikhotest complex was applied (Neyrosoft, Ivanovo). Results are processed by standard methods of medicobiological statistics for nonparametric distribution of selection. Level of reliability 0.05. The model is calculated with use of the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results of the study. Dezadaptivny koping at students of SPO on 3 professionally significant strategy are revealed: “Self-checking”, “Planning of a solution”, “Positive revaluation”. In the 2nd semester the level of tension of koping weakens, the revealed dezadaptivny strategy, “go” to an adaptive corridor of values. On 2 strategy (“Distancing” and “Flight/avoiding”) increase of koping is determined by absolute values. “Children's” ways of decrease in a stress are revealed: accepting liability for the account of decrease in self-checking, and “leaving from problems” - when planning a solution and positive revaluation. The significant force of correlation are defined for the Test Ravenna and koping of “Confrontation” (0.58 and 0.60 - in the 1 and 2 semester, respectively), “Search of social support” (0.66 and 0.06), “Planning of a solution” (0.37 and 0.44), “Positive revaluation” (0.36 and 0.37). Level of realization of mental abilities in 1 semester depends on opinion and social support of group, but in both semester is followed by formation of professionally significant competences - abilities to take positive experience, to plan efforts on the solution of the arising tasks, even due to opposition of to group. Conclusion. The revealed phenomena of koping-strategy allowed to offer design model of forecasting of risks of development the dezadaptivnykh of states in dynamics of training of students of SPO on the basis of higher education institution (3 figs, bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):69-74
69-74
DETERMINATION OF GROUPS OF SIMILAR SPECIALTIES OF EMPLOYEES OF FIRE-RESCUE PERSONNELS OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
摘要
The article shows that the professional activities of experts are often carried out in extreme conditions of emergency situations and high mental stress. At the same time, the fire and rescue units of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia include specialists in various fields of activity who have their own characteristics in the performance of functional duties in their respective positions. These differences are often not taken into account when planning and conducting rehabilitation and psycho-corrective measures in the system of psychological support of specialists. The aim of the study was a professional graphic study and assessment of the similarity (differences) in the content and characteristics of the types of activities performed by these specialists for planning and differentiated psychological physiological rehabilitation activities with them. As a result a professional graphic study of the positions of specialists of the Ministry of emergency situations with the modernized «Positional Analysis Questionnaire» (PAQ) and the assessment of its results using a mathematical scale of desirability and calculation of the coefficient of specialties’ conformity 4 groups of specialists were identified that are most similar in content and structure the activities of firefighting specialists rescue units of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia for the subsequent development of the differentiated criteria and programs of psycho-physiological rehabilitation (bibliography: 8 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):75-79
75-79
STRUCTURE OF PERSONAL AND BEHAVIORAL COMPONENTS OF BURNOUT SYNDROME OF EMPLOYEES OF FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE, LOCATED AT THE STAGE OF 5 YEARS OF SERVICE
摘要
Objective: to identify the behavioral and emotional components of emotional burnout of employees of the Penitentiary System, who are at the stage of 5 years of service. Materials and methods. 40 employees of the convoy department of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation were examined. The age of the subjects ranged from 25 to 35 years with a professional experience of 5 years. We used the Freiburg FPI personality questionnaire, a technique for diagnosing psycho-emotional burnout by VV Bojko, OSR-2 suicide risk questionnaire. Results. The desire for confidentially frank interaction with other people with a high level of self-criticism is revealed. High rates on the scale of “social pessimism” were established. An increased indicator on the “resistance” scale indicates that employees are aware of anxiety stress and a desire to avoid the emotional factors influence by limiting emotional responses. Conclusion. The specific of law enforcement and the need to enter into relationships with special contingent often contains elements of a negative impact on the individual. With an insufficiently high level of psychological and moral stability, the development of a syndrome of emotional burnout is observed, leading to personal professional deformation and employees’ suicidal behavior (3 figs, bibliography: 10 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):80-83
80-83
DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS OF PROFESSIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CERTIFICATION OF NAVAL ACADEMY OFFICERS
摘要
The relevance of the study is due to the deficit in the set of modern methodological apparatus of psychodiagnostics to solve the problems of certification of servicemen of different categories. The existing tools have limitations on application. Objective: to conduct a rapid assessment of psychometric qualities of techniques from the test battery “KRD”, as well as to check the factor structure of the model of psychological profiles on different samples of naval officers in order to assess the prospects for the use of the studied methodological apparatus for solving heterogeneous certification tasks. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 1507 officers of the Navy, in the rank of lieutenant to captain of the 1st rank, aged 22 to 50 years, who were examined by the methods of the test battery “KRD”. Assessment of quality of methods were carried out mathematical and statistical methods in the analysis of calculated reliability indices of the scales, discriminatively and difficulty of items estimated structure parameters and relationships in models of psychological profiles by the method of confirmatory factor analysis. Results. A comparative analysis of the data obtained from different samples formed from the sample population showed that the best psychometric qualities of the studied scales are determined on a sample of officers of the age range 35-45 years, however, the decrease in the qualities of some scales in other samples is uncritical and amenable to minor revision. The factor structure in the model of psychological profiles in the course of confirmatory factor analysis was generally confirmed in all samples. Conclusion. The data obtained in the course of this study indicate the prospect of using the test battery “KRD” on various contingents of officers with the necessary refinement and standardization of psychodiagnostic techniques on relevant samples (1 table, bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):84-89
84-89
PSYCHOGRAPHIC PROFILES OF TRAINING SPECIALTIES AT MILITARY INSTITUTIONS
摘要
The significance of the professionograms is comparable with the qualification requirements for the specialty, with educational and professional standards. In the Navy, the professionograms of training specialties in naval institutes have not been updated for more than 25 years. Updated psychograms will optimize the methodological apparatus of professional psychological selection of candidates for training in naval institutes of Russia. Objective: to develop psychograms for specialties of training in naval institutes of Russia, to allocate distinctive and to define the General professionally important qualities of the graduate of naval Institute at distribution on primary officer positions. Materials and methods. Psychograms were formed by processing the data of an expert survey conducted on a sample of 202 experts who assessed 374 psychophysiological properties, cognitive abilities, personal and socio-psychological qualities for 26 military specialties. A number of mathematical and statistical methods were used, of which the most important were ranking methods, correlation analysis using γ-statistics, methods for assessing data consistency-assessment of the coincidence of test results on an alternative basis, κ-statistics-Kendall concordance coefficient - as well as a posteriori scheffe and Tukey criteria. Results. 26 psychograms were developed, which included professionally important qualities that have the highest weight coefficient and the smallest spread of experts› opinions in the evaluation of each item of the questionnaire, and the lists of which had a concordance coefficient of not less than 0.75. The differences between psychograms, the proportion of which was 0.02% of the number of pairwise comparisons, are highlighted. The General psychographic profile of the graduate of the naval Institute is defined for all specialties. Conclusion. Psychographic profiles of the studied specialties have insignificant differences, the share of which does not exceed the level of measurement error. Common to all specialties professionally important qualities form a single profile of psychophysiological and individual psychological properties. It is expedient to compare the obtained data with psychograms of officer specialties of other types and branches of the Armed Forces (1 table, bibliography: 8 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):90-95
90-95
USE OF CONTENT ANALYSIS DATA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLEX OF METHODS FOR ASSESSING PROFESSIONALLY IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF PERSONALITY OF OFFICERS OF A MEDICAL SERVICE
摘要
Objective. To develop criteria for assessing professionally important psychological characteristics of the personality of medical officers during certification. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2018-2019 at the Research Center of the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, of the Russian Defense Ministry. Object of study - medical officers of the clinical, command, teaching, administrative, scientific and other professional activities from among the permanent and variable staff of the Military Medical Academy and military unit (n = 552). To identify professionally important personality traits and their subsequent assessment in officers, a questionnaire survey and psycho-diagnostic examination were conducted. It was found out what personal qualities of chiefs, subordinates and colleagues are valuable (important), or, conversely, prevent the effectiveness of professional activities. The survey results were systematized using content analysis. A comparison was made of the data obtained in the groups of officers: S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, of the Russian Defense Ministry and military units; various profiles of activity and depending on the severity of professional burnout. Signs of professional burnout were identified using the questionnaire “Professional burnout” by M. A. Dmitrieva, V. M. Snetkova. Results. It was established that when assessing the identity of commanders, subordinates and colleagues, medical officers call, first of all, the qualities that belong to the following groups: “moral qualities”, “honesty”, “orderliness”, “strong-willed qualities”, “intelligence”, “empathy”, “altruism”, “neuro-psychic resilience”. To the qualities that prevent effective professional activity, medical officers most often attribute the personality qualities of the following groups: “lack of motivation”, “deceit”, “irresponsibility”, “and low culture of communication”, “disorganization”. Conclusion. There are differences in the attitude to professionally valuable personality traits in officers with and without signs of professional burnout syndrome. The essential features of not only the mental state, but also the psychological characteristics of military medical specialists in the formation of a professional burnout syndrome include adverse personality deformations (1 figure, 4 tabl., bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):96-103
96-103
A new methodological approach to the problem of military professional motivation of candidates for training at military universities
摘要
Objective: experimental verification of a new psychodiagnostic technique of “EQA” (military organizational culture) developed by the specialists of the Military Medical Academy. Materials and methods. The methodology is aimed at assessing the candidate’s expectations and perceptions regarding the core values of the military professional environment, as well as the requirements for norms and rules of behavior. The questionnaire includes three bipolar scales: the scale “Centralization of management” (high centralization-decentralization), the scale “Striving to avoid uncertainty” (stability-uncertainty), the scale of “Individualism” (collectivism-individualism). Results. The study identified the main characteristics of the military organizational environment, identified differences and similarities in assessing its parameters by officers and candidates for training. The interconnections between subjective assessments of the main parameters of the organizational environment and external and internal factors of military-professional adaptation are established. Conclusion. The “EQA” methodology has substantial and criterion validity, which gives reason to continue its pilot studies with the participation of various contingents of military personnel and candidates for training in military specialties (5 tabl.; bibliography: 6 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):104-110
104-110
FEATURES OF MANIFESTATION OF PATHOPSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMATICS IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF ADAPTATION DISORDERS IN MILITARY SERVANTS DURING MILITARY SERVICE ON CONSCRIPTION
摘要
Objective: identification of pathopsychological symptoms in the process of formation of adaptation disorders in military personnel who have undergone military service on conscription. Materials and methods. A total of 154 people was examined, of which 54 people with a diagnosis of “Adaptation Disorder” and 100 people with successful military professional adaptation. The psychological characteristics of servicemen with a diagnosis of “Adaptation Disorder” (F43) were studied at the stage of conscription, in the first month of conscription and during inpatient treatment in psychiatric departments of military medical institutions. Results. The dynamics of adaptive capabilities, personality traits, and a predisposition to suicidal and deviant behavior and ways of opposing in conflict of subjects with an adaptation disorder are established; the dynamics of the formation of pathopsychological symptoms during the formation of adaptation disorders in military personnel undergoing military service on conscription was revealed. Conclusion. Signs of neuropsychiatric non resilience are observed in the examined military personnel already at the stage of conscription for military service, and they intensify during the period of adaptation to military service, reaching the level of pathopsychological manifestations (6 tables; bibliography: 6 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):111-116
111-116
BEHAVIORAL ANOMALIES AS AN ETIOPATHOGENETIC FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
摘要
Objective: to study the abnormal behavior of type D as an etiopathogenetic factor in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. 60 people were examined with a diagnosis of “neurocirculatory dystonia according to the hypertonic type “(average age 32.5 years old), who were hospitalized in the clinic, and had high values according to the DS-14 method (14-item Type D Scale). The results were compared with the results of the control sample (n = 60 people), who did not have a history of cardiovascular system diseases. We used: Beck Depression Scale; polychromatic express method “Contrasts”; methodology for assessing emotional discomfort of a person; multilevel personality questionnaire “Adaptability” (level 1 scale); Life Style Index methodology; DS-14 Questionnaire (14-item Type D Scale); Author's questionnaire (“Resentment Responses”); Diagnostic technique for the presence of social stress disorders (social stress). Results. Type D behavior in patients with a hypertensive type of neurocirculatory dystonia is manifested by the following symptoms: at the behavioral level, this is social introversion, suspicion, problems in interpersonal relationships; on the emotional - the accumulation of affects, the formation of dysphoria; at the cognitive level - fixing on internal and external unsolved problems. Conclusion. It is necessary to take into account the mechanisms and reasons for the formation of a type D personality during psychocorrectional and rehabilitation measures with cardiac patients (bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):117-120
117-120
MILITARY APPLICATION OF EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZSATION AND REPROCESSING INTERVENTIONS IN COMBAT STRESS RELATED DISORDERS TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION IN FOREIGN ARMED FORCES
摘要
This paper reviews the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing interventions application for NATO treaty armed forces military personnel combat stress related disorders treatment and rehabilitation. The evaluation of the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy in treating acute stress disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) provided along with the description of the standard intervention protocol and EMDR therapy devices (bibliography: 17 refs.).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):121-124
121-124
NEW REHABILITATION METHODS IN THE TRATMENT OF MILITARY PERSONNEL STERSS DISOREDERS IN FOREIGN ARMED FORCES
摘要
This paper reviews and discusses new treatment and rehabilitation methods of combat related stress disorders in NATO treaty armed forces military personnel. The paper focuses six key approaches: Virtual Reality Graded Exposure Therapy (VRGET), Brain - Computer Interface (BCI), Heart Rhythm Variability Coherence (HRVC) and Heart Rhythm Variability (HRV), Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Light and Sound Neurotherapy (LSN) and Clinical EFT - Emotional Freedom Techniques (bibliography: 40 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):125-131
125-131
CORRECTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF HUMAN’S ORGANISM USING DIFFERENT SLEEPING TECHNIQUES
摘要
Objective: study of the effectiveness of techniques with 20-minute and 60-minute daytime sleep to correct the functional state of military personnel during fatigue. Materials and methods. 32 males aged 18-25 years were examined. During the work, physiological parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were recorded; indicators of the body subjective state using the self-assessment questionnaire before and after the methodology application and mental performance was studied using the method of RDD. Results. The use of methods of 20-minute and 60-minute sleep helps to improve the subjective state, normalize the basic physiological parameters of the body, and increase the level of mental performance. Conclusion. Methods of short-term daytime sleep are effective ways of correcting the military personnel functional state during fatigue (bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):132-135
132-135
ASSESSMENT AND PSYCHOTHERAPY OF REDUCING RESERVES OF MENTAL ADAPTATION IN PERSONS DISMISSED FROM MILITARY SERVICE
摘要
The experience of applying the complex of rehabilitation measures for persons discharged from military service with situationally-caused preneurotic disorders is given. It is established that the use of personality-oriented individual and group psychocorrection contributes to the leveling of manifestations of preneurotic disorders, the restoration of stress-induced deterioration of psychophysiological functions. This has a significant positive impact on the adaptive potential of the personality of dismissed military personnel.
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):136-138
136-138
ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM OF REHABILITATION-RESTORATION AND OTHER ACTIONS FOR THE SANATORIUM-RESORT SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN STATES
摘要
This article presents the current state of the system of medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen in the Armed Forces. Authors presented the results of the analysis of the work for the medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel in military sanatorium-resort organizations. Its problematic issues were studied, the main directions of rehabilitation methods improvement were determined. The current aspects of organizing the possibility of including a “family vacation” as part of the medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen and their families are considered (bibliography: 9 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):139-142
139-142
METHODS FOR CORRECTING THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN A HOT HUMID CLIMATE
摘要
Objective. Three modes of combined or pre-emptive thermal adaptation of millitary personnel in combination with physical activity are investigated. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the thermal baroque complex “Tabay”. To assess the degree of tension of thermoregulatory systems, we determined the dynamics of rectal temperature, the intensity of moisture loss, and the dynamics of heart rate (HR) in a state of relative rest during thermal exposure. Results. According to the effectiveness of urgent adaptation mechanisms, it is possible to differentiate people into certain types, characterized by different severity of adaptive properties and in connection with this implementation of a different adaptation strategy. Conclusion. High and prolonged physical activity in moisture- and vapor-insulating clothing in combination with a rational regime of fluid replenishment are recognized as an effective means of stimulating long-term adaptation reactions to high temperatures (bibliography: 8 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):143-146
143-146
USE OF SHORT-TERM TOUCH DEPRIVATION METHODS TO CORRECT SERVICEMEN FUNCTIONAL CONDITION
摘要
Objective: to study the influence of short-term sensory deprivation techniques to correct the military personnel state of fatigue. Materials and methods. Three groups of healthy men and women aged 18-23 years in a state of fatigue after an 8-hour working day were examined. Groups consist of 14, 15 and 18 people. Each of the groups was exposed to the methods of “Visual deprivation”, “Auditory deprivation”, “Combined effect of visual and auditory deprivation”, respectively. Before and after the use of short-term sensory deprivation techniques, psychological and physiological parameters of the subjects were evaluated. Results. After applying all three methods of deprivation, the parameters of cardiac activity, blood pressure and respiration statistically significantly changed compared to the background, which indicated an improvement in the functional state. The indicators of the subjective state also statistically significantly changed compared to the background, which indicated an improvement in the mental state and improving the accuracy of the hand-eye reaction. Conclusion. The use of “Visual deprivation”, “Auditory deprivation”, “Combined effect of visual and auditory deprivation” methods is appropriate to reduce fatigue in the military (bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):147-151
147-151
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC AND MEDIATIVE ASSISTANCE TO ABUSED TEENAGERS
摘要
Rehabilitation of adolescents exposed to violence is made by combination of mediation, psychotherapy and pharmacopsychotherapy. Applied methods were focused on the correction of the functional state, emotional-motivational adaptability and normalization of nonspecific central regulation. Favorable social environment in the educational team recovered thanks to the help of the mediator (bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):152-154
152-154
Psychodiagnostic monitoring the efficiency of medical-psychological rehabilitation of military serving of Special Forces under the conditions of sanatorium
摘要
Objective: psychodiagnostic monitoring of the process of medical and psychological rehabilitation of Special Forces soldiers in the «Volga» Clinical Sanatorium. Materials and methods. The study involved 130 male soldiers undergoing rehabilitation in 2017-2019. Luscher test in the modification of A.A. Karmanova (OPSS), “Psychophysiologist” UPFT-1/30 device, GDV Express pulse analyzer for recording bioelectrograms, VAS-A visual analogue asthenia scale, MFI-20 asthenia rating scale, Self-assessment questionnaire was used for examination. Results. A significant improvement in the functional state of the military personnel in terms of subjective indicators did not fully correspond to the preservation of signs of tension of the cardiovascular system according to objective indicators, which persisted towards the end of rehabilitation cycles. Conclusion. The relevance of developing common criteria for assessing the definition of «degrees of severity of fatigue» by specialists of military medical organizations using objective indicators (hardware diagnostic methods) remains (4 tables, bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):155-162
155-162
EFFICIENCY OF REHABILITATION TREATMENT OF SHIP SPECIALISTS AFTER A LONG SEA VOYAGE
摘要
Objective: assessment of the effectiveness of medical and psychological rehabilitation of ship specialists returning from a long sea voyage. Materials and methods. The dynamics of the psychophysiological state for 10 days was studied in 34 military sailors of one of the largest warships - men aged 25-38. rehabilitation treatment in a military sanatorium. We used a questionnaire for assessing subjective well-being (ACC-2 questionnaire), as well as rapid questionnaires aimed at studying the presence and severity of manifestations of overwork (Z73.0, ICD-10), somatoform disorders (F45.1, ICD-10) and manifestations of OCR (F43.0, ICD-10). At the same time, the adaptive potential according to R. M. Baevsky. Results. After a long sea voyage, ship specialists determined distinct signs of overwork, manifesting themselves at the emotional, cognitive and behavioral levels, as well as a decrease in the reserve capabilities of the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. The analysis of the measures of the recovery nature of ship specialists in the conditions of sanatorium-resort organizations of the Ministry of Defense testified to the improvement of the subjective well-being of sailors, as well as the restoration of the functional state and reserve capabilities of the cardiovascular system (2 tables, bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):163-167
163-167
APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY G. G. KULIKOVSKY FOR THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF THE VESTIBULAR STABILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS
摘要
Objective: to determine the effectiveness of the methodology proposed by G.G. Kulikovsky, to maintain and restore the resilience of military personnel to vestibular loads. Materials and methods. The study involved healthy male volunteers aged 19 to 20 years. The initial (background) resistance to vestibular loads was determined using a vestibular test. As a vestibular load the rotation technique in the Barani chair was used. Before and after vestibular loads a number of performance indicators and the examined individuals body functional state were recorded. For training in order to maintain and restore resistance to vestibular loads, the technique by G.G. Kulikovsky consisting of a set of 8 sequentially performed physical exercises was used. The training was carried out in 2 stages lasting 6 days each. After each stage, the psychophysiological examination was repeated. Results. After the first stage of training, an increase in the vestibular resilience of the subjects was obtained by most indicators. This result was improved after the second stage of training. The indicators resulting changes are statistically significant. Conclusion. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology for maintaining and restoring the vestibular stability of military personnel was shown (bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):168-171
168-171
INDIVIDUAL STRATEGY FOR ADAPTING A HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AS A RESPONSE TO HYPOXIC HYPOXIA
摘要
Objective: тo study changes in the function of the respiratory system under conditions of hypoxic hypoxia at rest and during physical exertion. Materials and methods. The study involved 41 cadets of a military university of males aged 18 to 21 years. Hypoxic normobaric hypoxia was caused by respiration of a hypoxic gas mixture with 10% oxygen content. Synchronously recorded: minute volume of respiration and respiratory rate, saturation of hemoglobin of blood with oxygen by pulse oximetry, electrocardiogram. Results. The concentration of oxyhemoglobin in the blood flowing from the lungs is different in different subjects, which indicates an individual adaptation strategy to hypoxia under approximately equal conditions of gas exchange in the lungs. Conclusion. The data obtained allowed us to distinguish two groups of people by changing the saturation of hemoglobin of blood with oxygen in response to hypoxia: “stable” and “unstable”. According to the results of various tests, physical performance also varied: in the 1st group of “stable”, more effective mobilization of functional reserves was revealed, due to which the total value of erforming bicycle ergometric load was significantly greater than that of the whole sample as a whole and in the 2nd group “unstable” (3 tables, bibliography: 13 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):172-177
172-177
ADAPTIVE REACTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY TO HYPOXIA
摘要
Objective: тo study individual differences in the reaction of the human gas transport system to hypoxia using the normobaric hypoxic hypoxia model. Materials and methods. Hypoxia was simulated by breathing an air mixture with a 10% O2 content for 15 minutes, which corresponded to a pO2 of 75 mm Hg. Art. In the initial state, during hypoxic exercise and during the recovery period after exercise, the subjects recorded external respiration indicators: minute respiratory volume (MOD), respiration rate (RR)), blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation, heart rate variability (HRV). Results. With the urgent adaptation of a person to the effects of hypoxic hypoxia, significant changes occur in the functioning of the body's gas transport system: external respiration, the cardiovascular system and the degree of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. Conclusion. Two types of urgent adaptive reactions were determined depending on the level of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in blood during hypoxic exposure: “stable” and “unstable”. In these subgroups, multidirectional reactions were found not only of the degree of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin during hypoxia, but also changes in heart rate variability and various levels of overall performance (bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):178-182
178-182
MILITARY APPLICATION OF SOLDIER REMOTE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN FOREIGN ARMED FORCES
摘要
Wearable devices for monitoring the physiological and psychophysiological state of soldiers is part of modern high-tech military medicine, allowing real-time to predict the state of physical and mental health of the soldier. Data on the real combat readiness of military personnel is used to make team decisions. Systems of remote monitoring of physiological and psychophysiological state are also used for carrying out scientific researches in the conditions of a fighting situation or in conditions close to it. (bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):183-186
183-186
TESTING OF THE “CROSSROAD” METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY AND BEHAVIOR STRATEGIES IN THE EMERGENCY SITUATION OF OPERATOR PROFILE SPECIALISTS
摘要
Objective. To test the method “Crossroads” to assess the reliability of the operator and determine his strategy of behavior in an emergency. Materials and methods. The study involved 90 military personnel and 13 civilian personnel aged 18 to 30 years. The subjects performed two stages of complex visual-motor reactions. The first one was performed “according to the established algorithm”, and the number of errors, the number and time of delays before the necessary button presses were estimated. At the second stage, an emergency situation was simulated - an “unexpected program failure”, while the presence or absence of an attempt to make decisions during a failure and the time required to make a decision after a program failure were recorded. Results. At the first stage, 7 out of 60 contract servicemen reported response errors. Only three of the 30 conscripts did not make a single mistake at the first stage. Of the 13 civilian personnel, only one went through the first stage unmistakably. At the second stage, an attempt to take any action in an emergency was recorded in 12 people out of 30 conscripts and in 4 out of 13 civilian staff. Conclusion. It has been established that the “Crossroads” technique makes it possible to differentiate the subjects depending on the reliability of the simulated operator activity. Introduction to the test execution procedure of the “program malfunction” situation allows you to identify people with constructive and non-constructive strategies for behavior in an emergency situation (bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):187-190
187-190
USE OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF MILITARY SERVANTS
摘要
The theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the functional state of a person, the dynamics of his changes in the process of activity, as well as the features of applying modern methods of assessing the functional state of operators to monitor human performance, including in aviation and space medicine, are examined. In the course of the analysis shows that these techniques need professionals who are faced with the problem of assessment of the state of the human operator, with an analysis of its activities to ensure a safe environment, with the design of promising types of aviation equipment and labor positions. Modern methods of evaluation of the functional state is essential to use in the practice of medicine of extreme conditions during the research for the study of the state of the body and the human reactions and reliability in predicting specific activities (bibliography: 24 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):191-196
191-196
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DIVERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RESISTANCE TO DECOMPRESSION DISEASE
摘要
Objective: to study the physiological and psychological characteristics of divers with different levels of resistance to decompression sickness. Materials and methods. The study involved 36 men; professional divers aged 21-37 years. Based on the echolocation method, after a standard supersaturation of the body with air nitrogen in a pressure chamber (air compression up to 0.4 MPa (30 m water) over 7 minutes, isopression 60 minutes, decompression 63 minutes), 8 people were unstable and 28 resistant to decompression gas formation. Results. For stable divers, the age and RRmin indicator of the method of variational pulsometry are statistically significantly lower than for unstable ones. Unstable have a statistically significantly higher level of development of spatial thinking and the level of reactive anxiety. Conclusion. Ways to further study resistance to decompression sickness in divers lie in the field of age-related physiology and physiology of stress (4 tables, bibliography: 15 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):197-201
197-201
PERFORMANCE OF OPERATING ACTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE INDIVIDUAL SENSOMOTOR ASYMMETRY INDEX
摘要
Objective: to study the relationship of sensorimotor interhemispheric asymmetry and the functional state of operators, their psychological characteristics and the effectiveness of professional activity. Materials and methods. According to the results of measuring the time of a simple visual-motor reaction of both hands, an individual asymmetry index was calculated, the dynamics of which was observed among the operators during the 24-hour shifts. Results. Pronounced relationship of sensorimotor asymmetry, the functional state of operators, their psychological characteristics and the effectiveness of professional activity. Duty shift operators with pronounced right-handedness (IIA value ≥ 0.11) are less susceptible to a state of fatigue during round-the-clock duty. Conclusion. An indicator is proposed - an individual index of sensorimotor asymmetry and criteria for its assessment. It has been established that, based on the values of the individual asymmetry index, one can indirectly assess a person’s predisposition to carry out operator activities in the conditions of daily duty (2 figs, 1 tabl., bibliography: 6 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):202-206
202-206
FUNCTIONAL TESTS FOR PROFESSIONAL SCREENING OF DIVERS AND CAISSONS
摘要
The review systematizes the methods of evaluation of special professionally significant physiological functions of the candidates for divers, divers, caissons and other persons, working in hyperbaric conditions. The procedure and criteria for evaluation of recommended tests are described: barofunction testing; assessment of resistance to decompression intravascular gas formation; toxic effects of oxygen, narcotic effect of nitrogen, functional state of divers at hypoxic test. A new and prospective method for assessing resistance to hypercapnia is recommended. Gradations of professional suitability of divers and persons associated with diving depending on the degree of stability of special professionally important physiological functions to the extreme factors of diving are proposed. The tests are recommended for practical application, including medical examinations and examinations in the process of professional screening of persons working under high pressure. The proposed unified system of evaluation of test impacts will improve the safety and efficiency of diving and caisson operations, will contribute to the prevention of occupational and production-related diseases of divers (5 tables, bibliography: 20 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):207-216
207-216
FEATURES OF RESLIENCE IN MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH ADAPTATION DISORDER
摘要
Objective: to study the characteristics of resilience in military personnel with an adaptation disorder and their relationship with personality characteristics and neuropsychic resistance. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 males aged 19 to 24 years. The main group included 15 people, conscription servicemen, people with adaptation disorder, and who were being treated at a psychiatric clinic. The control group included 15 people, civilians who did not have an adaptation disorder. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: Lazarus Copying Test; Giessen Personality Questionnaire; Methodology “Prognoz-2”; Muddy Vitality Test, revised by Leontiev. Results. Military personnel suffering from an adaptation disorder more often than healthy civilians lose self-control and overestimate the situation in a positive way. The level of neuropsychic resistance in servicemen with an adaptation disorder is lower than in the control group. In terms of vitality, no significant differences were found. Conclusion. Resistance of military personnel to psychogenic injuries depends, first of all, on the personal qualities of a military man. For the rehabilitation of servicemen with an adaptation disorder, the development of personal attitudes, which are included in the concept of resilience, can play an important role (bibliography: 8 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):217-220
217-220
Foreign students’ adaptation to training in multinational college
摘要
Recently, the issue of expanding international relations has become one of the priority directions in the development of our state. The review addresses issues of adaptation of foreign students to training in a multinational university. It is shown that during the medical and psychological support of these individuals, it is necessary not only to pay attention to assessing the personality traits of the person, but also to take into account certain values (including religious and gender norms) and expectations that are supported within different cultures, as well as other circumstances can make psychological help effective or ineffective (bibliography: 13 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):221-225
221-225
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES DETERMINING THE CONTENT OF SOMATIC COMPLAINTS OF PERSONS WITH NEURASTHENIA
摘要
Objective: to study the psychological characteristics of the content of somatic complaints in individuals with a diagnosis of “neurasthenia”. Materials and methods. The study involved 40 people who were two groups of subjects: 20 people with a confirmed diagnosis of neurasthenia (F48.0) and undergoing treatment; 20 people who do not have this diagnosis. The age of the subjects is 26-45 years, 15 female and 5 male each. The following methods were used: Giessen Questionnaire of Psychosomatic Complaints; Methodology “The level of correlation of value and accessibility in various life spheres”, Fantalova; Methodology of self-assessment of the level of anxiety, Spielberger - Hanin; Questionnaire for Depression A. T. Beck. Results. A feature of the manifestation of psychosomatic complaints for patients with neurasthenia is the pronounced emotionally colored intensity of psychosomatic complaints, especially complaints of exhaustion, general loss of vital energy, pain in various parts of the body, heart problems. Conclusion There is a direct correlation of psychosomatic complaints with levels of internal conflict, depression and anxiety in people with a diagnosis of neurasthenia (bibliography: 7 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):226-229
226-229
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS AND SELF-CONCEPT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH SPEECH DISORDERS (STUTTERING)
摘要
Objective. тo study the characteristics of the influence of parent-child relationships on the formation of self-esteem of healthy adolescents and teenagers with stuttering. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 22 families with children at the age of 9 to 11 years old, studying in a correctional school of the fifth type with a diagnosis of stuttering. The control group included 22 families with children at the age of 9 to 12 years old without a history of speech impairment. The following methods were used: “Questionnaire of parental relationship”, by V. V. Stolin - A. Ya. Varga; methodology “Study of self-esteem” by T. V. Dembo - S. Ya. Rubinstein (modification by A. M. Prihozhan); “Map of the assessment of children's protective mechanisms” by E. V. Chumakova; Questionnaire of Personality by R. Kettella (adaptation of E. M. Aleksandrovskaya); Method for screening diagnosis of mental stress and neurotic tendencies in children and adolescents.” Results. The average group indicators of the main group have higher values than the indicators of the control group on the scales of “acceptance”, “symbiosis”, “control”. Teenagers with a stutter evaluate their character less positively, while they are less confident in their own abilities and capabilities. The level of claims in the main group is lower than in the control. Conclusion. A significant factor influencing the formation of an adequate self-esteem of a teenager, regardless of whether he has a speech impairment, is the direct psychological contact of parents with the child, by which it is necessary to understand the desire and desire of parents to learn the inner world of their child’s experiences (3 tables, bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):230-234
230-234
THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY IN STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
摘要
Objective: to study the differences in the individual psychological characteristics of students depending on their functional asymmetry. Materials and methods. 77 students of St. Petersburg, men at the age of 19 to 25 years, were examined. Psychodiagnostics was performed on the hardware-software complex “NS-PsychoTest”. Timchenko. To determine the functional asymmetry, authors used Tapping test, Annette questionnaire, and test for hemispheric dominance by N. M. Timchenko. The following tests were used: “Image memory”; “Memory for numbers”; test “Scab test”; “Eysenck Questionnaire”; “Matrix Raven”; “Spielberger-Hanin Questionnaire” An analysis was made of student performance and preferences in choosing a profession. Statistical data processing was carried out according to the Mann-Whitney method. Results. It was found that left-handed people are more successful in remembering relatively complex visual images, as well as in the Raven Matrix test. Left-handers are characterized by greater anxiety, greater severity of neuroticism. Right-handed people performed the task of adding up numbers when they were presented consistently, and were also characterized by the predominance of the verbal component over the sensory component in the visual-verbal association. Right-handed people choose in the same proportion both technical and humanitarian specialties, while left-handed people and ambidextras prefer technical specialties. For general humanitarian, general mathematical subjects, as well as in the implementation of term papers, right-handed people had the best indicators, while left-handed people had the lowest average score for these disciplines. Left-handed performance was the best in sports training, in practical tasks, graduate qualification work, research work and in the state exam. Ambidextras showed the lowest rates in all disciplines in comparison with groups of left-handed and right-handed people. Conclusion. The conclusion is made about the importance of taking into account the lateral profile of students for improving the educational process (1 figure, 2 tables, bibliography: 4 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):235-240
235-240
MEDICAL SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ARMED FORCES: FEATURES OF PROGRESS AT THE TWO LAST DECADES
摘要
Information is based on the analysis of the military reforms carried out during two last decades in Russian Federation Armed Forces. The three-level structure of the medical service is described and the brief description of each levels is given. It is deduced that the forces and means of the medical service are corresponded to the organizational and staff structure of formations, military units and subunits (3 figs, bibliography: 22 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):241-247
241-247
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL SELECTION OF MILITARY PERSONNEL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA
摘要
Objective: to study of the relevance of using the indicator “body mass index” of a person as an assessment of the nutritional status of military personnel. Materials and methods. 693 cadets of a higher military educational institution at the age of 18-25 years with alleged violations of nutrition status were examined. The distribution of the subjects was examined and analyzed according to the indicators “body mass index (BMI)”, “percentage of body fat (PSL)” and “musculoskeletal mass (SMMT)” of the body. Results. The status of “increased nutrition” in BMI was determined in 64.38% of the subjects, and when analyzing the fatty component of the body, it turned out that 90.3% (403 people out of 446) of the PSL had lower and normal values. According to the BMI indicator, 60 people were assigned the status of “obesity of the first degree”, while PSL in 45% (27 out of 60) of the subjects had lower and normal values. According to the BMI indicator, 20 people received the status of “II degree obesity”, while 25% (5 out of 20) in the PSW indicator had normal values. Conclusion It is proposed to introduce additional indicators for determining nutritional status, such as “musculoskeletal mass” and “percentage of body fat” (2 tables, bibl.: 20 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):248-252
248-252
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AMONG MILITARY DOCTORS
摘要
The relevance of this issue is due to the high risk of cardiovascular diseases in men due to the presence of many risk factors, as well as professional difficulties of military service: Smoking, alcohol consumption, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, increased stress during military service, and the tasks of combat training. The objective: to study the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system, to identify the presence and degree of morbidity of the cardiovascular system in soldiers undergoing military service under the contract during active physical training. Materials and methods. 32 military men aged 34 ± 7,2 years were examined in the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. To study the adaptive reserves of the cardiovascular system and the risk of cardiovascular disease authors used «CVD development hazard assessment questionnaire », measurement of blood pressure and pulse measurement before and after exercise. The results of the study showed differences in adaptive capabilities in the structural sample among military personnel undergoing military service under the contract, as well as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular health is a professionally important quality of military doctors. (bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):253-257
253-257
FEATURES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIETY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH STUTTERING
摘要
Objective: To study the characteristics of interpersonal relationships in relation to self-esteem in primary school children with stuttering. Materials and methods. 25 families with children from the age of 9 to 11 years studying in a correctional school of type V were examined. The main group included children with a diagnosis of stuttering, consisting of 8 girls and 17 boys. The control group consisted of 25 families with children with no history of speech impairment, aged 9 to 12 years, studying in a school with in-depth study of the English language. Gender composition of the group: 13 girls and 12 boys. We used the parental relationship questionnaire (V. V. Stolin and A. Ya. Varga), the semi-projective visual-verbal method “Film Test” by Rene Gilles (adaptation by I.N. Gilyasheva and N. D. Ignatieva), and the method “Study of self-esteem” according to T. V. Dembo, S. Ya. Rubinstein (modification by A. M. Parishioners). Results. Data analysis showed that the control group has lower, compared with the main, indicators of parental relationship. According to the indicators of Rene Gilles technique, the main group demonstrates more desire to establish positive relations with the father than the control group. No significant differences were obtained using the “Self-Assessment Study” methodology. Conclusion. Parental attitudes toward children with stuttering are characterized by greater warmth, responsiveness, and acceptance of the child than attitudes toward children without speech impairment (4 tables, bibl.: 13 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):258-263
258-263
INDIVIDUAL FEATURES OF CADETS’ PERSONALITY WITH HIGH ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN EARLY MILITARY-PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION PERIOD
摘要
The article presents the results of cadets’ personal qualities study with a high level of communicative and organizational inclinations during the early military-professional adaptation. The objective of the study was to identify the personal quality features and the relationships necessary for the development of cadets’ organizational and communication skills. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov in 2019. The study involved 143 male cadets of the doctor training faculties for the Ground Forces, the Military Space Forces and the Navy. The age of the subjects was 17-18 years. The study used a methodology for assessing communicative and organizational inclinations (COI); methodology “Individual Typological Questionnaire” by L. N. Sobchik; Personality Questionnaire by G. Eysenck. Results. “Extraversion”, “Sthenicity” features are expressed in cadets with a high level of communicative and organizational inclinations. Organizational tendencies directly correlated with indicators such as “Sthenicity” and “Rigidity”. Conclusion. A list of cadets’ personal features with high rates of communicative and organizational inclinations necessary to improve the professional psychological selection of junior commanders (sergeants, foremen) and medical and psychological support for military personnel was formed. (2 figs, 2 tabl., bibliography: 5 refs).
Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2019;38(3):264-268
264-268