Vol 25, No 189 (2020)

The decline in the effectiveness of post-graduate programs is one of the problematic issues of Post-Graduate Programme in any university. In many respects, the enrollments that are weak in terms of the quality of students are due to the poor awareness of graduates of the Specialist’s Degree and Master’s Degree Programmes about what learning at the third level of higher professional education is, what advantages and to whom does obtaining an academic degree of candidate of sciences give. In this regard, career guidance work in Post-Graduate Programme is one of the important factors of its effectiveness. At the same time, an analysis of researches on the organization of career guidance work with students indicates that in most universities, the main goal of career guidance work is to attract high school graduates to enroll in a university and the choice of a specific direction of training and a profile of education. The absence of a multi-level career guidance system “school student–student–graduate” does not allow Bachelor’s Degree and Specialist’s Degree students to comprehensively develop an individual trajectory of development in the research field and methodically prepare students to continue their learning in Post-Graduate Programme. In this research a) the relevance and the necessity of organizing career guidance work among Bachelor’s/Specialist’s Degree and Master’s Degree students for admission to Post-Graduate Programme is indicated; b) the pedagogical potential of the institute of mentoring in organizing career guidance events to attract talented youth to Post-Graduate Programme is considered; c) a description of the experience of the Derzhavin Tambov State University on the implementation of the scientific and educational project “I want to be a Post-Graduate Student” within the framework of the mentoring institute is given. Subject and thematic content of the project includes three blocks: 1) Post-Graduate Programme: what it is; 2) admission and learning in Post-Graduate Programme; 3) scientific journals and publication ethics. The work describes in detail the content of the project.

Researchers in the humanities almost always have to deal with the problem of statistical processing of results and their interpretation. This is a rather laborious and painstaking work, which can be greatly simplified through the use of multifunctional statistical criteria. Within the framework of the study related to the problem of self-design of educational and professional activities of students, the analysis of the effectiveness of the introduction of technological elements using multifunctional criteria was carried out: φ* criterion – Fisher’s angular transformation and binomial criterion m. The statistical significance of the results of the introduction at a certain stage of the technology of the workshop is revealed, which makes it possible to study and apply the elements of self-management in the educational and professional activities of students. For promising purposes, it is proposed to create an automated system that implements the selection of the appropriate criterion for the problem to be solved and the verification of the statistical hypothesis put forward by the researcher.

The current state of the problem of studying and teaching foreign language legal discourse is presented. Various points of view on discourse as an interdisciplinary phenomenon are analyzed. Legal discourse is considered as a kind of institutional discourse. Communication of participants in legal discourse is carried out on the basis of a certain number of rules that govern their role and normative behavior. In their actions, there is coordination inherent in this form of communication and allowing the participants in legal discourse to be perceived as components of a single whole – a larger institutional system. A brief description of the functions of legal discourse is given – prescriptive, informative, argumental, declarative, regulatory, interpretive, cumulative, presentation, strategic and code. Such properties of legal discourse as performativity and intertextuality are discussed, and its components are described. The difference between legal texts, in which the discourse of law is implemented, from texts of other specialties is shown. They are created in the legal language as a type of language for special purposes and have intra- and external-text specificity. Legal texts, in spite of their genre variety, have a predominantly standard format. Such types of legal text as court decisions and regulations, powers of attorney and contracts, wills, etc., have a specific construction plan, are divided into parts in a certain way and are drawn up graphically. Discursive analysis is considered as the most acceptable method of studying and teaching a foreign language of law.

The concept of ‘‘written pedagogical feedback’’ is analyzed, its types are singled out. Four pedagogical conditions for the development of future language teachers’ professional communicative skills of written feedback are singled out. The first pedagogical condition is the clear structure of the course content. This condition is formulated based on the didactic principle of modularity of the structural content of education. The structure of the course content aimed at the development of language teachers’ professional communicative skills of written feedback is outlined. The course content consists of three structural elements, each of them being broken down into component parts. The second pedagogical condition is the implementation of the principle of reliance on intersubject connections. The necessity of taking into account knowledge, skills, abilities and experience acquired by students in the course of study within the discipline ‘‘Foreign language’’ and disciplines of their professional cycle is explained. The third pedagogical condition is students’ language proficiency level being developed at B2 level according to Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) or higher. To formulate this condition, the analysis of ten CEFR scales with the skills which underlie the process of giving students written feedback after assessing their written works was carried out. The fourth pedagogical condition is the use of mono- and polyfunctional communicative tasks. The terms ‘‘exercise’’ and ‘‘task’’ in language teaching are analyzed, the task types that can be used to develop future teachers’ professional communicative skills of written feedback are identified.

On the basis of a multifaceted analysis of the concept of “conditions”, the concept of “pedagogical conditions” is defined and its analysis is carried out. The main characteristic features of the concept of “pedagogical conditions” are identified. Various groups of conditions are considered, with the help of which the effective functioning of the pedagogical system occurs. The features of psychological and pedagogical conditions are revealed. The analysis of the concept of “sensitivity” and the main period of its duration are presented. The analysis of this age period was carried out and its potential in teaching is revealed. The main types of activities at school age (playing, cognitive, educational) are considered. Further, psychological and pedagogical conditions are proposed, aimed at the development of lexical speech skills on the basis of educational computer games. The first proposed psychological and pedagogical condition for the development of lexical speech skills on the basis of educational computer games is the motivation of students to develop lexical speech skills on the basis of educational computer games. The analysis of the concepts of “motivation” and “motive” is presented. Various types of systematization of motivation (external, internal), by the type of motivator (positive, negative), depending on its stability (stable, unstable) are considered. A number of strategies are also given to increase the motivation of students. The second psychological and pedagogical condition for the development of lexical speech skills on the basis of educational computer games is the development of ICT competence among students. We consider such concepts as digital competence, ICT literacy. The last psychological and pedagogical condition for the development of lexical speech skills based on educational computer games is the development of the teacher’s ICT competence.

In a modern Russian school, together with Russian-speaking school students, children of migrants study, for most of whom are native Turkic languages. For foreigners, traditional lessons should be supplemented with corrective lessons in Russian as a non-native language, the effectiveness of which will be high provided that an ethno-cognitive approach to teaching is followed. Learning the morphemic structure of a word based on an ethno-cognitive approach is the subject of this study. The aim is to develop methodic recommendations based on the analysis of the features of the morphemic structure of Turkic words, to identify possible difficulties in mastering the morphemic structure of the Russian word by Turkic-speaking students, and to highlight methods and techniques based on the principles of consciousness and the development of students’ cognitive abilities. Two main difficulties in the field of the morphemic word structure for foreign children are highlighted: Russian inflection and morphological ways of word formation: prefix and prefix-suffix. When working with these topics, the teacher should develop students’ ability to think analytically, comparing and identifying the essential features of a linguistic phenomenon, make assumptions and find confirmation for them. Mastering inflection will be more effective if you group words thematically, work according to ready-made patterns and models of inflection, increase the number of tasks “for substitution” and “for replacement”. The following stages of work on concepts are substantiated: analysis of linguistic material and highlighting the main features of a concept; generalization of signs, establishing a connection between them and introducing the desired term; concretization of concepts based on new linguistic material.

The study is devoted to the preparation of student youth involved in various sports to create a future family. The subject of the study is the identification and analysis of the opinions of students and female students athletes, making up a pedagogical forecast for the ideal image of their future family. Currently, the problem we have raised is relevant in connection with serious changes in the socio-economic and social sphere in Russia, and as a result of these circumstances, the creation of a specific attitude of student youth, including student athletes, to the upcoming marriage. The purpose of our research is in pedagogical forecasting of the image of future family by students-athletes who are subjects of the educational process on the part of teachers and coaches in sports at the Derzhavin Tambov State University. The main methods of our research: study and analysis of scientific and methodic sources; written questionnaires of unmarried students (15 boys) and unmarried female students (17 girls) of the second, third, fourth courses, who go in for one or another kind of sport; quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the data obtained, followed by discussion of the results with the subjects.

The restoration of the knee joint function in osteoarthritis is currently a serious problem, despite the list of biomechanical and pharmacotherapeutic methods used. In old age, there is a decrease in compensatory capabilities. When compiling a complex of kinesitherapeutic measures with elderly women, concomitant diseases and the degree of physical fitness were necessarily taken into account. The level of loads was determined taking into account individual characteristics. An obligatory condition before the beginning of the exercise in women was measured heart rate and blood pressure. The methods included classes on specialized simulators, when performing the exercises, the basic principles should be followed: the weight of the burden was determined based on the calculation of 15–20 repetitions; performing exercises with the same burden for a long time (if the weight is chosen incorrectly) in the health aspect is impractical, when performing strength exercises, the emphasis should be on correct breathing and accuracy of movements. In the process of conducting classes, it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of the growth of weights and monitor the physical condition of women.

We consider the problem of reading support as one of the most relevant areas of sociocultural activity. The need for special measures to support reading is justified in connection with the growing trends in visualization and gamification of the cultural environment, and a decrease in interest in reading. Reading support is defined as a system of state, public and private initiatives to increase the value status of reading, stimulate reading activity, and develop the reading competence of all population groups. We analyze the Russian and foreign experience of state support for reading, including the publication of legislative acts, the adoption of special programs, and the creation of interdepartmental coordination structures. It is shown that at the state level, reading is considered in the context of functional literacy of the population as a resource for economic growth that allows citizens to actively participate in the life of the state. The history of development of public initiatives in Russia is traced – from the creation of private typographies to the activities of modern associations and foundations. Regional Reading Centers are highlighted as a special form. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of attracting volunteers to implement projects to increase the availability of books and reading for people with disabilities. It is shown that currently reading support is becoming systematic and is implemented on the basis of social partnership of library, cultural and leisure, educational institutions and public associations.

The basic concepts of innovation activity are considered from the standpoint of the development of modern Russian education. It is shown that innovation activity is a mandatory direction of effective implementation of the main functions of a general education institution. The activity of the school – laboratory of innovative development in its diversity is analyzed and summarized. The specific experience of functioning of federal and regional innovation platforms operating on the basis of an educational organization is presented. We disclose the goals and main tasks of each platform, the topics of innovation projects and programs implemented on their basis. The main problems are identified, which are solved in the process of activity of innovation platforms. As an example, we analyze the specific activity of an educational institution in the field of innovation mechanisms for achieving subject, meta-subject, personal educational results of students in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education, the development of the housing and educational movement in the system of continuing education of the Tambov Region and the development of intra-institutional education quality assessment systems.

Purpose of the research: we doubt the thesis, traditional for Russian historiography, that the desires and dreams of peasants have historically been enclosed in a capacious formula “land and liberty”. The appeal to peasant demands allows us to conclude that the formula “land and liberty” was a product of the liberal and revolutionary circles of the 19th and early 20th centuries, for which it was traditionally considered themselves more understanding of peasant needs than the peasants themselves. In fact, the main thing in the desires of the peasants was the acquisition of the possibility of free economic management, and the latter at different times had different interpretations due to the changing conditions of life. The main mistake of those who considered themselves experts in peasant needs was the initial belief that at all times the peasants associated the improvement of their lives exclusively with agricultural labor. As a result, we come to the conclusion that with the expansion of other opportunities during the revolution and civil war, the peasants began to demand the creation of normal living conditions not only in the countryside, which was reflected in the slogans of the insurgents of 1920–1922.

We consider the poorly studied topic of demographic development and its impact on agriculture in Central Russia on the example of the Orel Governorate. The study described and revealed the reasons for the expansion of peasant arable land, as well as analyzed the rate of reduction of forest and hay resources during the studied period. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of land use and processing of peasant plots. The study determined the ratio of natural and anthropogenic factors in the development of agricultural society in the Orel Governorate in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries on the example of peasant farms in the region. We identify trends in the strategy of demographic behavior of the rural population, mainly represented by the peasantry, and the influence degree of the growing population on the natural resources of the region. The main sources were statistical materials presented by various collections on land ownership and land use, as well as reviews and commemorative books of the Orel Governorate. A special place is occupied by archival documents stored in the State Archive of the Orel Region. A comprehensive study of sources is carried out using both traditional scientific methods (system analysis, structural approach, retrospective) and modern approaches (civilizational, mathematical statistics method). We establish the dependence of the increase in the demographic load on natural resources during the studied time and the presence in the region of all demoecological crisis signs the late 19th –early 20th centuries.

The research is based on data on acts of cooperation of various peasant population categories with the revolutionary authorities. The relevance of the problem lies in the minimal study of these issues, since historiography studied mainly the conflict behavior of peasants. We point to the presence of a large number of forms of interaction between peasants both with the February and October authorities in 1917. Using the methods of textual analysis we givethe analysis of the welcoming telegrams to the State Duma. An intermediate conclusion was made that the desire of the peasants to interact with the authorities did not lead directly to a decrease in the social conflict degree. Attention is drawn to the presence in 1905–1907 and 1917 so-called “zones of low activity” of peasant revolts. Asking the question about the reasons for the existence of such zones, we turn to the comparative analysis of the situation at the county-volost level (using the example of Ostrogozhsky and Bogucharsky districts), concluding that the traditional explanation of the existence of such zones with a small share of private land ownership does not fully explain the situation. An explanation of the emerging situation is offered by a more complex of socio-economic, socio-political and socio-everyday factors, as well as source problems.

We reveal the forms, methods and features of the participation of revolutionary tribunals in anti-peasant actions carried out by the authorities in 1918–1921, including against the participants in the Antonov revolt. We analyze the significance and role of tribunals as specific types of special courts in the implementation of the authorities’ policy towards the peasantry. It is argued that the revolutionary tribunals occupied their definite place in the system of anti-peasant terror and carried out their specific functions, fulfilling the task of formally legalizing unstructured violence against peasants. We analyze the process of increasing the repressiveness of the tribunals against the background of a sharp increase in anti-Soviet manifestations on the part of the peasantry, which ultimately resulted in anti-peasant terror. The task of the revolutionary tribunals as an institutional instrument of anti-peasant terror was to judicially legalize repression against the peasantry. The role of the tribunals in the prosecution of deserters, the bulk of whom were again peasants, is revealed. It is argued that the revolutionary tribunals were granted the broadest confiscation rights against deserters and the process of their implementation. Considerable attention is paid to the activities of the revolutionary tribunals during the suppression of the peasant revolt in the Tambov region, in particular the Tambov revolutionary military tribunal, which was a parallel structure of the territorial revolutionary tribunal, which was under the jurisdiction of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic.

The crisis in agriculture in the first years of Soviet power was the result of a number of systemic mistakes, both in the political sphere and in the economy. Food requisitioning, repression, mobilization, a brutal struggle against desertion, the forcible planting of collective farms, abuses by local authorities and a number of accompanying factors led to an increase in social tension. But the key reason for the emergence of “Antonovschina”, nevertheless, was the economic situation of the village and the limited resources to which both the village and the state claimed. We examine the problem of the influence of land conflicts on the growth of anti-Soviet sentiments in the black earth village. The influence of the land issue on the development of a powerful peasant movement is investigated. Within the framework of land conflicts in the village, contradictions in the goals of the authorities and the peasantry, the polarity of their ideas and values (including in mental attitudes) played an equally important role. It was these reasons that formed the economic and political conflict in the black earth village in the period under study, rooted in the events of 1917–1918.

The relevance of the work is due to the need for a scientific understanding of the phenomenon of peasant rebellion against Soviet power, and the largest of them, the Tambov rebellion, in the year of its centenary, to study motivation as its leaders, one of whom was I.S. Matyukhin and ordinary participants. The purpose of the study is to analyze the personality of Ivan Matyukhin and the soldiers of his detachment, as well as the main military operations in which they participated. When working on the study, such research methods were used as the study of archival data and memoirs, their analysis. The research was based on the data of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of the Social and Political History of the Tambov Region, the Russian State Military Archive, the memoirs of the participants in the events under study, as well as published scientific works. The scientific significance of the study lies in the systematization of information about Ivan Matyukhin’s detachment, the analysis of known archival documents and the introduction of new ones into scientific circulation. In the course of the study, the military operations of the Insurrectionary Army, in which the I.S. Matyukhin regiment took part, are analyzed, and the key role of his unit in especially significant operations was revealed. A social portrait of a member of his detachment is compiled – most often these are peasants, both wealthy and those related to the poor, for the most part who had experience in military operations. We prove the high level of support of the Matyukhin unit among local residents, skillfully organized intelligence and staff work.