Nº 1 (2024)
- Ano: 2024
- ##issue.datePublished##: 31.03.2024
- Artigos: 25
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2542-212X/issue/view/19121
Edição completa
Medieval and Modern history
North Caucasians in the Ottoman Empire before the era of muhajirism: forms of penetration and features of integration/elitization
Resumo
The article is based on both published and unpublished Turkish sources and modern, mainly foreign, historiography, examines the ways and channels of the early (pre-muhajir) penetration of ethnic North Caucasians into the Ottoman Empire and the features of their integration into local society. Particular attention is paid to elucidating the factors and mechanisms of the formation, reproduction and functioning of the Caucasian (Circassian, Abkhaz, West Georgian, Daghestani) elite groups and strata of slave and non-slave origin and their place in the structure of state power and social life of the Ottoman Empire in the classical and postclassical periods of its history. An attempt was made to examine the nature of this community’s ethnonational identity, which demonstrated a certain resistance to assimilation as well as the potential to maintain some aspects of its original cultural profile for an extended period of time. The involvement of Istanbul’s “Circassian” elites in developing and implementing the Porte’s Caucasian policy, as well as launching the enormous exodus of highlanders from the Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire in the mid-19th century, appears insignificant.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):14-37
14-37
The Chechens and the Ingush in the Ottoman empire in the second half of the 19th century: the processes of emigration and re-emigration
Resumo
The mountain peoples of the North Caucasus were forced to relocate to the Ottoman Empire in the mid-19th century as a result of the Russian Empire's deliberate strategy. The High Porte was also highly interested in relocating the highlanders to its domain.The article examines the process of Chechen and Ingush return to their homeland from the Ottoman Empire. The author focuses on the difficulties encountered by the re-emigrants, describing the ways the highlanders resettled back home. In spite of the fact that resettlement flows continued throughout the 1860s. The active phase of Chechen and Ingush emigration took place in 1865.Statistical data shows that the process of Chechen and Ingush return to their homeland was not widespread because there were no organized activities on the part of the Ottoman and Russian empires. Overall, it was a rather piecemeal, chaotic and spontaneous process that lasted throughout the 19th century. Some highlanders still managed to return to their former places of residence; others were settled in remote regions of the Russian Empire. However, many were forbidden to return to their homeland. In addition, the position of the official authorities of the two countries was quite clear – their return was undesirable. Those who remained in the Ottoman Empire subsequently formed the basis of today's Vainakh diasporas in Turkey, Syria, and Jordan.The study is based on materials from the Russian archives.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):38-51
38-51
Organization of public catering at events on the occasion of the celebration of the coming of age of heir Nikolai Alexandrovich on May 6, 1884 in the Nalchik district
Resumo
The article examines the features of the activities of the authorities and self-government institutions in organizing catering at the celebrations on May 6, 1884, the coming of age of the heir to the Russian throne, Nikolai Alexandrovich, in the villages of the Nalchik district of the Terek region. The article analyzes the office documentation of the Nalchik district administration: orders, reports, invoices, information, and statements. On its basis, the issues of interaction between government structures at the regional, district and precinct levels and local governments on the organization of celebrations and public catering at the expense of public funds were studied. The main directions of document flow of government and self-government institutions within their competence in organizing catering at public events are analyzed. A conclusion is drawn about the process of organizing and budgeting ceremonial events to celebrate the coming of age of the Heir to the Throne in the villages of the Nalchik District. A review of event and financial reporting on celebrations was conducted. Treasurers and village gatherings play an important role in handling public monies for festive activities. At the same time, the role of village authorities was highlighted, whose responsibilities included resolving organizational concerns related to the celebration. The conclusion is made about the full control of local government institutions and government structures over the issues of spending funds from village public funds offices for organizing mass events and public catering, as well as about changes in local gastronomic practices in the process of integrating the indigenous population of the region into the socio-economic space of the Russian Empire.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):52-70
52-70
Features of the innovations in the law enforcement activities of the Gorsky verbal courts of the Terek region in the 90s of the XIX century
Resumo
The article focuses on the unique characteristics of the introduction of innovations in the law enforcement activities of the Terek region’s mountain verbal courts in the 90s of the XIX century. The channels and mechanisms for obtaining information by courts on innovations in normative acts and their interpretations from the relevant authorities on the results of law-making activities in the field of judicial proceedings for consideration in their activities are characterized. For this purpose, copies of normative acts of the highest imperial authorities, rules and instructions on conducting individual investigative and judicial actions, orders of the Terek district authorities, copies of reviews from the head of the Terek region and the prosecutor of the Vladikavkaz District Court, etc. were considered. A list of areas in which the SCS received information about their jurisdiction in the late nineteenth century is proposed. The procedure for internally discussing and putting legislative innovations into practice is considered. It is concluded that all of this allowed them to effectively interact with law-making organizations and apply current changes in regulations to their activities.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):71-82
71-82
Recent history
The archive activities of the Mikhail Alexandrovich Polievktov in 1920-1930-s.
Resumo
The study, based on archival materials introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time, shows the archival efforts of the eminent Russian historian-caucasus expert M.A. Polievktov (1872-1942) during the "tiflis period" of scientific invention (1920-1942). It is stated in the scientific literature that the scientist's archiving activity has not yet become a research subject. The author intends to disclose similar characteristics of this behavior in the 1920s and 1940s. The article demonstrates that the name of M.A. Polievktov, a representative of the St.Petersburg historian school, is significantly linked with the construction of historial archives of the Caucasus in Georgia (from 1924 s.), training of specialists in archiving, setting up a course on archiving M.A. Polievktov developed the problems of Caucasian archeography, uncovered a number of archaeological materials on Georgian history and Russian-Geogian ties, and introduced them into scholarly circulation. Documents relating to the origins of diplomatic ties between Georgia and Russia were discovered in the Central Archives of the USSR as a result of scientific visits arranged by the Central Archives of the SSR of Georgia. M.A. Polievktov's archiving activities occurred during a critical juncture in the development of Soviet archival research, as the internal political struggle worsened and historical science became more ideologically oriented. All of this was reflected in the fate of the scientist and architect. During the fifth, he was subjected to discrimination against dissidents («kondrativism») and was temporarily barred from working at the SSR of Georgia's Central Archive.The article, for the first time, depicts this most important episode in the life of the scientist-archivist through the publishing of excerpts from archive materials from the "case of M.A. Polievktov." They exhibit the characteristics of Georgian archival growth between 1920 and 1930. M.A. Polievktov's archival labor was an important part of his life, and it had a lasting impression on Caucasian historiography.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):83-96
83-96
Azerbaijani population of Georgia in 1989-2014: demographic and linguistic aspects
Resumo
The article analyzes the demographic and linguistic aspects of the Azerbaijani issue in modern Georgia. Based on the analysis of official statistics data, the main trends in the demographic development of the Azerbaijani population of Georgia in the period from 1989 to 2014 are revealed. It is concluded that the number of Azerbaijani population in Georgia decreased by 24.23 % from 1989 to 2014, which was because of the large-scale outflow of the Azerbaijani population from Georgia during the 90s. The main linguistic aspects of the Azerbaijani issue in modern Georgia are also identified. It is concluded that, at present, among the national minorities of Georgia, the Azerbaijanis are the least integrated into the country’s linguistic space, as evidenced by the low percentage of the Azerbaijani population who are fluent in Georgian – only 18.7 %.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):97-108
97-108
Ethnocultural values of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria as an element of soft power in interna-tional relations of the Russian Federation (based on the example of the activities of the Interna-tional Circassian association for the popularization of Circassian ethnic culture)
Resumo
It has been revealed that the popularization of the Circassian ethnic culture, propaganda of the components of the ideological position – maintaining interethnic peace and a positive image of Russia abroad is one of the main directions in the activities of the International Circassian Association. In this activity of the ICA, the most large-scale and effective are socio-cultural forums, scientific and practical conferences, festivals, educational projects, etc. These aspects of the ICA’s activities are also released as part of the work with young compatriots and repatriates. The components of the ideological position of the ICA are recorded in the resolutions of its XIII and XIV congresses. Considerable attention in the activities of the ICA is paid to events aimed at popularizing the Circassian language (Adyghe and Kabardino-Circassian literary languages) and attracting public attention to the problems of its preservation.The active and constructive work of the ICA was highly appreciated at the federal level. In the welcoming address of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin to the participants and guests of the XIII Congress of the ICA, it was recorded that the ICA cares about preserving and popularizing the native language, implements meaningful projects in the field of culture, education, enlightenment, increases multifaceted interaction with foreign compatriots, that the ICA’s efforts to maintain peace and consent in the North Caucasus. In 2023 ICA was included in the Federal Register “All-Russian Book of Honor”, in which the most worthy organizations of various forms of ownership and fields of activity are formed.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):122-138
122-138
Experience in the implementation of normative legal acts in the field of social security of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria (2005-2021)
Resumo
The article provides an analysis of the development of the regulatory framework for social protection of the population of the Russian Federation and the Kabardino-Balkaria in 2005–2021, shows the influence of the territorial features of the region’s economic development on the social security of the republic, and identifies the level of increase in the GRP produced in the Kabardino-Balkaria per capita. A comparative analysis was carried out in the field of social security of the population of the republic with the indicators of the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District. It has been established that the average per capita income of the population per month in the North Caucasian Federal District and Kabardino-Balkaria is lower than in Russia; the share of the population with cash incomes below the subsistence level in the total population of the Kabardino-Balkaria in 2021 was higher than the Russian average by 7.1%. The state and problems in the development of education and healthcare are considered. In addition, the state of the education and healthcare sectors and problems in their development are considered
Caucasology. 2024;(1):109-121
109-121
Ethnology, anthropology and ethnography
Institutions of socionormative culture of the Balkars in the activities of judicial institutions of the Nalchik district in the last third of the XIX century: problems of regulation of property relations
Resumo
The article considers some problems of regulation of property relations of institutions of socionormative culture of Balkars in the activities of judicial institutions of the Nalchik district in the last third of the XIX century. These issues are considered on the example of disputes in the Nalchik Mountain verbal and mediation (mediation) courts over ownership of things and real estate, ownership of land plots, loss of crops, claims for missing cattle and disputes related to inheritance and payment of kalym. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the involvement of witnesses in the proceedings, as the basis for the formation of the evidence base. The features of the appointment of material compensation for property offenses are considered. The specifics of documenting various forms of property relations among Balkars in the last third of the XIX century have been studied. The role of mediation (mediation) courts in resolving property disputes among the Balkars at the time under consideration is shown. It has been established that the customary law of the Balkars and Sharia were effectively applied in resolving property disputes based on some traditional mechanisms: the use of witness testimony as the basis of evidence, the appointment of material compensation (fines) as a measure of responsibility for property offenses, the transfer of complex issues to the court of intermediaries, etc.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):139-148
139-148
Sacralisation of the Adygs grave structures
Resumo
The article focuses on the most apparent signs of sacralisation in Adyghe funeral buildings. This feature of the people’s funeral and burial culture has received relatively little attention in national Caucasian studies. The work is based on traditional legends and the author’s field materials. The investigation revealed that providing magical characteristics to barrows and tombstones, commemorating the graves of heroically dead individuals slain by lightning, and so on occurred throughout the historical territory of Adyghe habitation. The identification and analysis of several rites performed earlier around graves by both western and eastern Adyge allows us to draw conclusions about the people’s spiritual culture and the common worldview of its representatives. The custom of honouring of grave structures has its roots in antiquity, but many of its echoes are found today, perceived as part of the new monotheistic religion.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):149-159
149-159
Историография, источниковедение, методы исторического исследования
The Romanovs in the Caucasus through the lens of written sources of the 19th to the early 20th centuries
Resumo
The article discusses the visits of representatives of the Romanov dynasty to the Caucasus and their influence on the life and customs of the mountain peoples of the Northern Caucasus. To attain this goal, a combination of legislative, administrative, personal history sources, and information from periodicals were used. Each type of historical source helped shed light on the unique nature of these relationships, highlighting their significance for both the Romanovs and the mountain peoples. Legislative sources allowed for the detailed examination of agrarian reforms, showing that despite Alexander II’s assertion of projects to grant land to the mountaineers, and thus becoming law for all subjects of the Russian Empire, under pressure from the mountaineers who identified many flaws in these projects, the government was forced to reconsider the results of the reform and make significant amendments to the final version of landownership and land use in the Northern Caucasus. The memoirs of S. Siukhov depict one of the most tragic episodes of the Caucasian War: the meeting of Emperor Alexander II with representatives of the Adyghe peoples, which ended in a new confrontation. The majority of Adyghe society chose departure to Turkey over relocation to the plains. Administrative sources described Alexander III’s meeting with representatives of the Kabardian and Balkar peoples, which resulted in the granting of alpine meadows to mountaineers.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):160-183
160-183
Literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation (literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus)
The work of Husey Budaev in the context of the development of balkar literature in the first third of the twentieth century
Resumo
The scientific work examines the work of the poet Budaev Husey Aslanovich (1880-1973), his contribution to the development of spiritual poetry, his place in settlement poetry, and works aimed at harmony in family and social life are also analyzed. The article establishes the inseparable connection of the works of H. Budaev with the semantics and poetics of folklore, which is the specificity of the author's poetic world. The depth of philosophical thought and the acuteness of social analysis permeating the work of Budaev Husey are noted. The analysis of the author's creative heritage ("Altyn tau" - "Golden Mountain", "Khak Zholunda" - "Dear truth") allowed us to determine his creative individuality and uniqueness. Poems like "Din ieleny kuyu" ("Crying for the Lights of Faith, defending theologians, express protest against the violence committed during the era of Stalinism. The work establishes that the work of Husey Budaev was formed within the framework of the poetic traditions of the pre-Soviet period, laid down by the classics of Karachay-Balkarian literature Semenov Kaltur, Dzhanibekov Appa, Kochkarov Kaspot. The presentation of their ideas in clear words and understandable images is a tradition of Karachay-Balkarian oral folk poetry. The work notes the direct realization of folklore artistic installations in the poetry of Husey Budaev. To complete the tasks, the author employed comparative and contextual methodologies, which are coupled in the paper with the concept of consistency and integrity of analysis. Historicism is the primary methodological and systematic premise guiding the inquiry.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):184-194
184-194
Forgotten name: Lostanbi Guruzhevich Afashagov
Resumo
The article presents a creative and biographical portrait of one of the forgotten representatives of Kabardian literature of the early Soviet period – poet and publicist L.G. Afashagov. Based on archival sources, the history of his public activities has been reconstructed. The main directions of his work are tracked using art materials and journals, and the value accents of his works, mostly poems, which exist both original and in translation, are disclosed. The segment of the biography that covers the war years has been expanded. The reasons for his arrest have been clarified using archived information that has not before been made public. An outline of the biography of one of the KBASSR's educational figures, L.G. Afashagov's wife, F.N. Afashagova (Keyserman). New information on L.G. Afashagov's life and work has been published in scientific journals.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):195-214
195-214
The image of childhood of the consciousness of the autobiographical hero of the story “Kurzhyn” (“Kurzhyn, where the childgood is hidden”) by I. Kapaev
Resumo
The article is devoted to the study of some issues of the development of Soviet historiography The article considers the experience of developing the image of childhood in Isa Kapaev’s novella “Kurzhyn” (“Kurzhun, where childhood is hidden”). The writer's debut novella strives to enhance the examination of the character and awareness of a young compatriot-peer, hero-alter ego – concepts the author started to develop in his prose pieces of the late 60s – early 70s of the twentieth century. Since this is the story of a hero endowed with a well-developed personality and a creative worldview, the process of formation of his personality is comprehended by I.Kapaev in a socio-psychological perspective, in the logic of his maturation starting from the “origins of days.”The kurzhyn, which contains emotional objects that the nostalgic hero - a student who returned home on vacation - sorts through, symbolizes the novella's childhood image. These objects have significance only for their owner, they structure his memories, call up the image of childhood in his mind: family (mother, father, grandmother), initial experience of socialization (peers), sensual experience (friendship, pain, fear overcoming, bitterness of loss). The memories of childhood appear in the novella as a metaphor for historical memory.According to the article, "Kurzhun, where childhood is hidden" is I.Kapaev's first work in a series of subsequent stories and novels that explore the evolution of consciousness in their cross-cutting hero, an alter ego named Karamov. It is also stated that such a creative process reflects the experience gained in multinational and global literature during the development of the problem.The article uses the texts of the novella in the original language as material for analysis. The text translated into Russian is used for quoting.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):215-226
215-226
An artistic solution to the problem of modern youth in the prose of A. Mizov
Resumo
This paper attempts to identify the aesthetic models of Kabardino-Circassian literature in its evolution, through the patterns of affirmation of ideals, stereotypes and cliches, appropriate for determining authors and specific time periods. The object of this study is the works of one of the brightest representatives of rural prose, a follower of the “writers of the sixties” Ahmed Mizov. The work focuses on identifying the peculiarities of the modern artist’s worldview, the connection of his works with life and a pronounced attitude to the reliability of the presentation. The relevance of the research topic is determined by its innovative nature associated with the analysis of unexplored works of Kabardino-Circassian literature. Researchers drew the following conclusions based on their scientific research of the prose writer's work: a) A. Mizov is a master of the short story; b) a sensitive perception of the surrounding world allowed the author to create a whole gallery of artistic images, memorable for their immediacy; c) significant changes in social and political life, in everyday life, in the psychology of the ethnic group over the past decades, the artistic need to understand and show them underlie the novels, short stories, short stories by Ahmed Mizov. He fills his novels, short stories, and short stories with an artistic vision of the world. Their heroes are lively, original people, young people, mostly rural and their problems. In the course of the study of the writer’s work, a set of scientific methods was applied, including comparative, comparative-historical, description and literary analysis, which, from the point of view of usage, makes it possible to determine both structural models and the content-conceptual aspect of the artist’s work. The practical significance of the article is the results obtained, which can become a theoretical aid in further research of the work of modern authors and in the study of Kabardino-Circassian literature. They can also be used to prepare undergraduate and graduate students in philological faculties, as well as lecture courses on linked peoples’ literature and Russian literature. The article is intended to facilitate the entry of works of national literature into the all-Russian cultural context.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):227-243
227-243
Russian language. Languages of the peoples of Russia
Phonetic isoglosses in the speech of Circassian repatriates in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Resumo
The article examines phonetic isoglosses in the speech of Circassian repatriates living in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in comparison with the literary Kabardino-Circassian language. The study of the speech of Circassian repatriates from Syria and Turkey is of scientific interest not only for linguists but also for historians and ethnographers. It appears that archaic forms of some consonants maintained in the dialects and dialects of the literary Kabardino-Circassian language are seen in the speech of representatives of Circassian repatriates. It is noted that negations are expressed using negative affixes –I/ –k as synonyms, and the statement is a morpheme–c; the process of affrication of palatalized posterior consonants is not yet complete, soft hissing spirants f and w are frequently heard in speech, etc. Some vocalism system anomalies are observed in repatriates’ speech. It is concluded that Circassian repatriates in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic speak with a variety of phonetic traits.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):244-252
244-252
Similarities and differences in the formation and use of interjective phraseological units Russian and Kabardian-Cherkassian languages
Resumo
The article presents the results of the analysis of interjectional phraseological units of the Russian and Kabardino-Circassian languages in a comparative aspect. The purpose of the article is to study, typologize interjectional phraseological units of the Kabardian-Circassian language and compare them with the Russian language (determining what is common and what is different in semantics, in methods of formation and use). This work provides a review of the works of leading linguists who analyzed phraseological units both in the Adyghe languages and in domestic linguistics, and selected and studied extensive illustrative material on the languages under study. When preparing the article, such methods of linguistic research as description, comparison, juxtaposition, method of scientific and grammatical analysis, classification and typologization were used.The work proves that in the functional sphere of interjection phraseological units, the same features that characterize other types of phraseological units and interjection words find their place, i.e., determine national and cultural specifics, reflect well-known historical events; show emotionality; in terms of semantic meaning, they fully correspond to the expressions; do not act as members of the proposal. It has been established that most interjection phraseological units form synonymous series under the requirements placed on them, like independent words.The study proposes the author’s classification of the analyzed units according to the method of formation, according to the activity of use, and according to composition.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):253-266
253-266
.M. Language features of the song "Kanshaubiy," or "Crying of princess Goshayah"
Resumo
This article examines the linguistic features of the song “Kanshaubiy,” or “Crying Princess Goshayah.” Folklore is known to be invaluable material for research in linguistics, ethnography, and linguopholkloristics. In the text of this song, lexical and pictorial expressive means are used to represent the imagery and colorfulness of the language of the work. The study discovered that the linguocultural aspect of this song is expressed through comparative constructs, epithets, metaphor, phraseological turns, paroemias, benevolence, and potion. The onomastic lexicon of the song was then identified and described, as were various thematic groups, confirming the richness of the lexical composition of this work’s language. It should be noted that the song “Kanshaubiy,” or “Crying of Princess Goshayah,” traces various customs, traditions, and morals of the Karachay-Balkarian ethnic group, its mental foundations and everyday life, as well as some aspects of people’s lives.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):267-282
267-282
The problem of defining the concept of "socio-political vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language"
Resumo
The article delves into one of the most understudied aspects of Kabardino-Circassian vocabulary: sociopolitical vocabulary. According to an analysis of the existing literature, there is no linguistic consensus on the name for this group of words. The most commonly used terms in linguistics are “socio-political vocabulary” and “socio-political terminology”. Both domestic and foreign linguistics use a variety of names to refer to the group of words under consideration, including political vocabulary, ideologically related vocabulary, social and socio-political terminology, political lexicon, social science terminology, and sociopolitical dictionary. It should be noted that the difference in terminology relates to the aspect of the research object being analyzed. The author emphasizes that the most appropriate of them is the name “socio-political vocabulary” since it reflects the life of society and the state accurately, and is the most specific term, as well as has a wide range of distribution and use. The analysis of the material reveals that the main components of sociopolitical vocabulary are “power,” “state,” and “society.” Based on the analysis of the existing literature, it was found that large discrepancies are also observed in the number of thematic classes included in the socio-political vocabulary. The author comes to the conclusion that in the modern Kabardino-Circassian language there is no thematic classification of socio-political vocabulary that meets the current state of the language and modern requirements of linguistics. The article draws attention to the fact that the thematic classification is quite conditional, since many components of this group of words often overlap. The author offers his own version of the classification of the socio-political vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language, according to which 6 lexical and thematic groups are distinguished: political vocabulary; vocabulary characterizing political parties, organizations, social movements; legal vocabulary; military-political vocabulary; vocabulary expressing the spiritual and moral sphere of public life; legal vocabulary. The research is important because many theoretical and practical issues concerning the study, generalization, and analysis of the Kabardino-Circassian language’s sociopolitical vocabulary must be addressed. The paper employs a descriptive analytical method, contextual analysis, and statistical calculations.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):283-293
283-293
Structural-semantic and ethnocultural features of karachay-balkarian paremic statements with the zoo component it “dog”
Resumo
The article examines Karachay-Balkarian paremic utterances with a zoonymic component “dog”, as well as their structural, semantic, and ethnocultural characteristics. According to the paper, such syntactic constructions are diverse because dogs are important in traditional society. For the same reason, they are variable, with structural variation determined by the interchangeability of the sentence’s constituents, represented by names, verbs, and phrases. This has a significant impact on their paradigmatics, as affirmative and negative constructions are more commonly represented. The Karachay-Balkarian paremic fund is dominated by proverbial structures modeled after simple sentences. Proverbs that resemble complex sentences, as well as polynomial paremic statements, have found their niche. All of them are ethno- and linguoculturally marked, representing a relevant segment of the global national picture.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):294-306
294-306
Formal-semantic paradigm of the word bash/bosh ‘head’, ‘beginning’ in turkic languages
Resumo
The article is devoted to a multi-aspect study of the functional-semantic features of stock units of morphology of varying complexity, formed with the help of the polysemantic noun bash/bosh in various phonetic variants, known in Turkic languages for its usage since ancient times, since the monuments of ancient Turkic writing.The work analyzes idioms of phraseological type, formed as a result of the loss of component meaning by free phrases. It examines elliptical shapes formed in the process of losing the word bash/bosh form 3 l. units h. The phonetic feature of the word bash/bosh in the Turkic languages is that they all retain a single form, except for Uzbek.The article draws attention to the features of selective combination of syntactic constructions with the word bash/bosh with inventory units of morphology.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):307-316
307-316
Irony in the emotive vocabulary of the Kabardian-Circassian language
Resumo
This article explores irony in the emotive vocabulary of the Kabardian-Circassian language. The connection between the expression and perception of irony and the cultural prerequisites of society has been noted. The dual function performed by irony in emotive vocabulary is noted. Using examples from Kabardian fiction, the main ways and means of expressing irony (metaphor, hyperbolic comparison, personification, various stylistic figures, graphic symbols), its types (irony, self-irony, author’s irony) are considered. Mention is made of the frequent proximity of irony to lies and their use in manipulation. It is shown how in emotive texts the implementation of dictionary emotive semantics occurs, but most often how vocabulary units not marked with emotivity “acquire” emotive-connotative meanings. The influence of irony on the development of metaphorical meanings of polysemantic words and enantiosemy has been revealed.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):317-333
317-333
Theoretical, applied and comparative linguistics
V.I. Abaev's linguophilosophical concept and ossetian-kabardino-balkarian ideosemantic parallels
Resumo
The article is devoted to the linguophilosophical concept of the outstanding Russian theorist, historian and philosopher of language, the largest Iranian scholar Vasily Ivanovich Abaev. The aspects of the author’s linguophilosophical concept are presented based on two works by V.I. Abaev: “Reflection of the work of consciousness in the lexico-semantic system of language” (1970) and “Language as ideology and language as technique” (1934). In these works, he pays special attention to the problem of the origin of human language. The theory of the origin of language itself, in his opinion, should be based on an optimal scientific theory that proceeds from the correct theoretical premises and is consistent with the available empirical data. To explain the origin of a language, it is not the grammar of the language that is important, but the subject–significant vocabulary, as he believes that the origin of vocabulary is a single and integral problem, and the origin of grammar is inevitably divided into several particular issues.Language, according to V.I.Abaev, arose not from biological, but from the social needs of a person, from the need to relate things to their collective, to impose their own “brand” on them.Special attention is paid to the concept of ideosemantics, firstly introduced by V.I. Abaev into scientific circulation. He distinguishes two types of semantics: small semantics (or signal, technical), which includes a mandatory minimum of semantic functions that determine the modern communicative use of the word, and large semantics, which is the sum of those concomitant cognitive and emotional representations that reflect the complex inner life of the word in its past and present. He defined this broader understanding of semantics by the term “ideosemantics”. Ideosemantics, according to V. Abaev, is the most important criterion for the historical characterization of linguistic phenomena. V. Abaev sees the value of language at an early stage of its formation in its “ethnodemarkation function”.In conclusion, the article presents ideosemantic parallels in three genetically and structurally diverse languages: Ossetian, Kabardino-Circassian and Karachay-Balkar.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):334-352
334-352
Ethnocultural characteristics of the toastmaster's linguistic personality in table communication
Resumo
The problem of the inseparable connection of language and culture is one of the significant problems in modern philological research, which actualizes the understanding of a linguistic personality as a generalized type of native speaker of an ethnic language and ethnic culture, the characteristic of which consists of the specifics of thinking, speech behavior, preferences of reference (prototypical) cultural values and moral norms. This article examines the ethnocultural characteristics of the linguistic personality of the toastmaster, whose cognitive potential reflects the system of ideological, philosophical, and moral experience of the ethnos. The research material provides a basis to identify such markers of the toastmaster’s linguistic personality as readiness to create dynamic speech in structured communication, selectivity in addressing ethnocultural values, the ability to observe the main principles of traditions, the ability to demonstrate oratory and linguistic creativity, the desire to preserve the cognitive, pragmatic and ethical foundations of communicative tolerance.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):353-363
353-363
Essays, notes, reviews
Review of the collection of documents «Sheikh Mansour in the materials of the Kizlyar and Mozdok commandant archives: a collection of documents / identification, archeographic. pro-cessing, preface, introductory article, comment., indexes by S.B. Manyshev. – M.: Publishing house "Kuchkovo field": X-HISTORY, 2022. – 464 p.»
Resumo
The study of the collection of papers and materials gathered by S.B. Manyshev "Sheikh Mansur in the materials of the Kizlyar and Mozdok commandant archives" published in Moscow in 2022 is provided. The reviewer describes both the document selection process and the conceptual pieces that come before the documentary component. A historiographical essay and examination of the history of Russian-Chechen relations in the framework of Mansur's Caucasus movement are critical for determining the current condition of modern historical research on this topic. The archaeographical prelude also informs the reader about the history of archive finances and the challenges of their maintenance. The reviewer praises the collection's high quality and the author-compiler's abilities.
Caucasology. 2024;(1):364-370
364-370