Since 2024, the journal has been published on the National Platform of Periodical Scientific Publications of the Russian Center for Scientific Research https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-6701/index
2022 ¹3
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Yakushina, L.G., Matskiv, A.Î., Shhalahova, R.M., & Manakhova, K.A. (2022). Genome size variability of cultivars and hybrids of garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x hortorum Bailey) of the FRC SSC RAS collection. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 1-13. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0301
Garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × hortorum) is one of the leading flowers and ornamental crops in the world. Garden chrysanthemum breeding is carried out with the predominantly usage of classical breeding methods (interspecific and intervarietal crosses, open pollination), as well as modern methods for obtaining new adapted cultivars. For the selection of parental individuals and directed crosses, it is necessary to know the size of the genome of the parental forms. In this work, we have studied the genome size of 12 hybrids and 28 cultivars, which are of interest as a source of agronomically valuable traits. The studied hybrids were obtained at the Federal Research Center of the SSC RAS and are adapted to the growing conditions in the subtropics of Russia. Most of the cultivars (24) are from the Netherlands, 3 cultivars have been bred in the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Sochi, Russia) and 1 cultivar has been selected in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS (Russia). Of the two nuclei extraction buffers (Tris-Mg and WPB), the WPB buffer is more efficient, since there is less degradation of nuclei during sample preparation and the coefficient of variation is lower. The results showed that the genome size in the collection varied from 8.48 to 20.41 pg. The maximum genome size was 20.49 and 18.39 pg in hybrids S-250-1 and Zh-116-2, respectively. The minimum genome size was 8.48; 9.3 and 10.5 pg in Desna Pink, Annecy White and Westland red, respectively. Studies have shown that some hybrids derived from the seeds of Mona Lisa have a different genome size than the maternal parent. It has been found that the related Yuzhnaya and Symphonia have different genome sizes, which presumably correspond to 6n and 4n sets of chromosomes, respectively. Based on the results obtained for the genome size, it can be assumed that 67.5 % of the samples of the collection are tetraploids, 22.5 % of the samples are hexaploids, 2.5 % are pentaploids and 7.5 % of the plants are diploids. These data will be useful for breeding and searching for correlations with phenotypic traits. At the same time, large-flowered chrysanthemums of the FRC SSC RAS collection have a smaller genome size and, presumably, a diploid and tetraploid set of chromosomes, while small-flowered cultivars and hybrids are tetraploids and hexaploids. In the future, it is necessary to continue studying the collection in order to find out whether among the large-flowered chrysanthemums there are hexaploids and plants with even higher ploidy.
Garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × hortorum) is one of the leading flowers and ornamental crops in the world. Garden chrysanthemum breeding is carried out with the predominantly usage of classical breeding methods (interspecific and intervarietal crosses, open pollination), as well as modern methods for obtaining new adapted cultivars. For the selection of parental individuals and directed crosses, it is necessary to know the size of the genome of the parental forms. In this work, we have studied the genome size of 12 hybrids and 28 cultivars, which are of interest as a source of agronomically valuable traits. The studied hybrids were obtained at the Federal Research Center of the SSC RAS and are adapted to the growing conditions in the subtropics of Russia. Most of the cultivars (24) are from the Netherlands, 3 cultivars have been bred in the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Sochi, Russia) and 1 cultivar has been selected in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS (Russia). Of the two nuclei extraction buffers (Tris-Mg and WPB), the WPB buffer is more efficient, since there is less degradation of nuclei during sample preparation and the coefficient of variation is lower. The results showed that the genome size in the collection varied from 8.48 to 20.41 pg. The maximum genome size was 20.49 and 18.39 pg in hybrids S-250-1 and Zh-116-2, respectively. The minimum genome size was 8.48; 9.3 and 10.5 pg in Desna Pink, Annecy White and Westland red, respectively. Studies have shown that some hybrids derived from the seeds of Mona Lisa have a different genome size than the maternal parent. It has been found that the related Yuzhnaya and Symphonia have different genome sizes, which presumably correspond to 6n and 4n sets of chromosomes, respectively. Based on the results obtained for the genome size, it can be assumed that 67.5 % of the samples of the collection are tetraploids, 22.5 % of the samples are hexaploids, 2.5 % are pentaploids and 7.5 % of the plants are diploids. These data will be useful for breeding and searching for correlations with phenotypic traits. At the same time, large-flowered chrysanthemums of the FRC SSC RAS collection have a smaller genome size and, presumably, a diploid and tetraploid set of chromosomes, while small-flowered cultivars and hybrids are tetraploids and hexaploids. In the future, it is necessary to continue studying the collection in order to find out whether among the large-flowered chrysanthemums there are hexaploids and plants with even higher ploidy.
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Abstract
Smirnova, A.N., & Skrotskaya, O.V. (2022). Taxonomical and ecological-biological analysis of woody plants of the Rosaceae family in the arboretum of the botanical garden at the institute of biology Komi SC UB RAS. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 14-23. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0302
The collection of woody plants in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology has been formed for over 70 years and includes about 500 taxa. The Rosaceae family representatives gain special attention in the collection. Many of them have high decorative qualities and are adaptable to new soil and climatic conditions. So, the Rosaceae plants can be widely used. The analysis of the arboretum collection in various aspects allows for the identification of plants properties, opportunities and directions of introduction. The taxonomic analysis of the Rosaceae family collection showed its species and cultivar diversity. The collection includes woody plants of 24 genera. The Spiraea L., Rosa L., and Cotoneaster Medik. genera are represented by a high number of taxa, 39 (36.6 %), 23 (15.7 %), and 14 species (9.8 %), respectively. The cultivars form a large group of 44 taxa. By natural habitation areas, the species are divided into the following groups: the East Asian species – 23, the North American species – 19 species, the Eurasian species – 18, the Far Eastern, Siberian with some East Asian species – 26, and the European species – 14. The climatic conditions between the Komi Republic, Siberia and North America are similar. The introducents from East Asia are valuable for cultivation with many species-diverse genera. By the analysis of vital forms, shrubs form a dominating group (113 taxa), two of which are evergreen. The vital form of shrubs exhibits a great ecological plasticity and provides for high winter hardiness which is an important factor for the North. Trees include 32 taxa; two species are evergreen subshrubs. 112 taxa representatives have high winter hardiness properties. The policy priority of widening the collection of the arboretum is to increase the number of species and cultivars of plants from zones with similar climatic conditions with shrub vital form and valuable economic qualities.
The collection of woody plants in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology has been formed for over 70 years and includes about 500 taxa. The Rosaceae family representatives gain special attention in the collection. Many of them have high decorative qualities and are adaptable to new soil and climatic conditions. So, the Rosaceae plants can be widely used. The analysis of the arboretum collection in various aspects allows for the identification of plants properties, opportunities and directions of introduction. The taxonomic analysis of the Rosaceae family collection showed its species and cultivar diversity. The collection includes woody plants of 24 genera. The Spiraea L., Rosa L., and Cotoneaster Medik. genera are represented by a high number of taxa, 39 (36.6 %), 23 (15.7 %), and 14 species (9.8 %), respectively. The cultivars form a large group of 44 taxa. By natural habitation areas, the species are divided into the following groups: the East Asian species – 23, the North American species – 19 species, the Eurasian species – 18, the Far Eastern, Siberian with some East Asian species – 26, and the European species – 14. The climatic conditions between the Komi Republic, Siberia and North America are similar. The introducents from East Asia are valuable for cultivation with many species-diverse genera. By the analysis of vital forms, shrubs form a dominating group (113 taxa), two of which are evergreen. The vital form of shrubs exhibits a great ecological plasticity and provides for high winter hardiness which is an important factor for the North. Trees include 32 taxa; two species are evergreen subshrubs. 112 taxa representatives have high winter hardiness properties. The policy priority of widening the collection of the arboretum is to increase the number of species and cultivars of plants from zones with similar climatic conditions with shrub vital form and valuable economic qualities.
References
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Abstract
Titova, J.G., & Kurashev, O.V. (2022). Qualitative analysis of russian gooseberry cultivars included in the state register of breeding achievements. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 24-37. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0303
The authors provide a qualitative analysis of the main economically useful characteristics of gooseberry cultivars included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use. This work is designed to facilitate and simplify the procedure for choosing certain cultivars for both industrial producers of products of this crop and for amateur gardeners. Currently (for 2022), there are 55 cultivars of gooseberries in the State Register. At the same time, the analysis of the assortment of gooseberries included in the State Register shows a wide diversity of cultivars according to the main economically useful characteristics, i. e. resistance to unfavorable abiotic (frost resistance) and biotic factors (tolerance to American powdery mildew), habit of bushes (including the nature of bush growth, optimally corresponding to the conditions of machine harvesting), commercial qualities of berries (weight, color in biological ripeness, taste characteristics and high technological qualities), various maturation periods (from early to late ripening), the thorniness of the shoots (from practically thornless to strongly thorny shoots). The distribution area (zoning) of cultivars from the State Register covers almost the entire area of the Russian Federation (12 regions of the Russian Federation). However, there is a significant variation in the number of zoned cultivars in the regions themselves, with the smallest number of cultivars noted in the North Caucasus (2 cultivars) and the Lower Volga (3 cultivars) regions. The largest number of cultivars are zoned in the West Siberian (20 cultivars) and Ural (17 cultivars) regions. And although the analysis showed the presence of an insignificant part of the cultivars with an optimal complex of economically valuable characteristics, nevertheless, most of the cultivars are characterized by individual pronounced traits. This provides the basis for further breeding work with gooseberries, so that modern cultivars are characterized by the most optimal set of characteristics that meet the needs of modern producers, in particular, meeting the requirements of machine harvesting. An important criterion for gooseberry cultivars is high ecological plasticity and a wide range of maturation periods, which would allow expanding the distribution area (zoning) of this valuable crop in most regions of the Russian Federation.
The authors provide a qualitative analysis of the main economically useful characteristics of gooseberry cultivars included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use. This work is designed to facilitate and simplify the procedure for choosing certain cultivars for both industrial producers of products of this crop and for amateur gardeners. Currently (for 2022), there are 55 cultivars of gooseberries in the State Register. At the same time, the analysis of the assortment of gooseberries included in the State Register shows a wide diversity of cultivars according to the main economically useful characteristics, i. e. resistance to unfavorable abiotic (frost resistance) and biotic factors (tolerance to American powdery mildew), habit of bushes (including the nature of bush growth, optimally corresponding to the conditions of machine harvesting), commercial qualities of berries (weight, color in biological ripeness, taste characteristics and high technological qualities), various maturation periods (from early to late ripening), the thorniness of the shoots (from practically thornless to strongly thorny shoots). The distribution area (zoning) of cultivars from the State Register covers almost the entire area of the Russian Federation (12 regions of the Russian Federation). However, there is a significant variation in the number of zoned cultivars in the regions themselves, with the smallest number of cultivars noted in the North Caucasus (2 cultivars) and the Lower Volga (3 cultivars) regions. The largest number of cultivars are zoned in the West Siberian (20 cultivars) and Ural (17 cultivars) regions. And although the analysis showed the presence of an insignificant part of the cultivars with an optimal complex of economically valuable characteristics, nevertheless, most of the cultivars are characterized by individual pronounced traits. This provides the basis for further breeding work with gooseberries, so that modern cultivars are characterized by the most optimal set of characteristics that meet the needs of modern producers, in particular, meeting the requirements of machine harvesting. An important criterion for gooseberry cultivars is high ecological plasticity and a wide range of maturation periods, which would allow expanding the distribution area (zoning) of this valuable crop in most regions of the Russian Federation.
References
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2. Volodina, E.V. (1980). Classifier of the genus Grossularia (Tourn) Mill-Gooseberry. Leningrad: All-Union Research Institute of Plant Industry. N.I. Vavilova (VIR). (In Russian).
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4. Eremin, G.V., Isachkin, A.V., Kazakov, I.V., Kuminov, E.P., Plekhanova M.N., & Sedov E.N. (2004). General and private selection and variety of fruit and berry crops (pp. 386-393). Moscow: Mir. EDN: QKWCLN (In Russian).
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6. Rosstat (2018). All–Russia Agricultural Census 2016, in 8 volumes: Principal results of the Russian Agricultural Census 2016 (Vol. 1., Book 2, pp. 96-103). Moscow: Information & Publishing Centre Statistics of Russia. Retrieved from https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VSHP_2016_T1_k2(2).pdf (date of access 26.04.2022) (In Russian).
7. Koveshnikova, E.Yu. (2014). Sources for the selection of early-growing gooseberry varieties. Fruit crops and the role of science in the development of industrial gardening: materials of the international scientific-practical conference, 145-149. Voronezh : FSBEI HE Voronezh SAU. (In Russian).
8. Krayushkina, N.S., & Egorova, K.I. (2018). Pre-selection of gooseberry cultivars suitable for combine harvesting. AgroEcoEngineering, 97, 176-184. https://doi.org/10.24411/0131-5226-2018-10104. EDN: YPQDTV (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Kurashev, O.V., & Kurasheva, E.A. (2012). Biological peculiarities of remote hybrids of gooseberry obtained with the participation of the species Grossularia robusta. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 32(1), 235-241. EDN: OWGXDB (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Kurashev, O.V. (2015). Some results of breeding gooseberries at VNIISPK. In Competitive varieties and technologies for highly efficient gardening: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 114-118). Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: UQDZWD (In Russian, English abstract).
11. Plekhanova, M.N., Tikhonova, O.A., Arsenieva, T.V., & Pupkova, N.A. (2004). Donors and sources of the most important traits for breeding of berry crops: (Honeysuckle, gooseberry, red currant, black currant). World VIR catalog, 743. EDN: QKVDKT (In Russian).
12. Popova, I.V. (1966). The results of the gooseberry variety study. In Breeding and variety study of fruit and berry crops in the Nonchernozem zone (pp. 342-352). Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
13. Popova, I.V. (2011). Selection of gooseberries in the State Scientific Institution VSTIS of the Russian Agricultural Academy for the thornlessness of shoots and stems. In Problems of gardening in the Middle Volga region: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 211-216). Samara: As Guard. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Pupkova, N.A. (2008). Gooseberry. In Fruit and berry crops: guidebook (pp. 107-122). St. Petersburg: Russian collection, Azbuka-classic. EDN: WLFCPJ (In Russian).
15. Pupkova, N.A. (2000). Gooseberry. In Gardener’s book (pp. 182-210). St. Petersburg: Lan. EDN: YISVFX (In Russian).
16. Pupkova, N.A. (2007). Results of gooseberry variety studies in the North-West of Russia. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding, 161, 139-148. EDN: UNWYRD (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Pupkova, N.A. (2011). Breeding of gooseberries at the Leningrad fruit and vegetable experimental station: results and prospects. In Gardening in the North-West of Russia: history and development prospects: Proc. Sci. Conf., (pp. 39-47). St. Petersburg : SSIN-WRIAME of the RAAS. EDN: WKMHPD (In Russian).
18. Sergeeva, K.D. (1989). Gooseberry. Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
19. Sorokopudov, V.N., Kalugina, S.V., Kukharuk, N.S., Evtukhova, M.V., & Ivanova Yu.Yu. (2020). Selection assessment of gooseberry varieties for suitability for mechanized harvesting. Bulletin of KSAU, 4, 80-87. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-4-80-87. EDN: NAZCOB (In Russian, English abstract).
20. Tolstoguzova, V.G., & Boyko, E.S. (2005.) Selection of gooseberry varieties for intensive technology. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 13, 65-71. EDN: PDQWUN (In Russian, English abstract).
Abstract
Seredin, T.M., Golubkina, N.A., Agafonov, A.F., Molchanova, A.V., Marcheva, M.M., Shumilina, V.V.,& Golubev, F.V. (2022). Changes in the main biochemical indicators in perennial onions, depending on the age of plants. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 38-45. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0304
In these studies, seven species of perennial onions were studied: Allium altaicum Pall., A. fistulosum L., A. ramosum L., A. obliquum L., A. erubescens K. Koch, A. nutans L. and A. schoenoprasum L.. The study of the collection of perennial onions was carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region (Odintsovo district). The plants were grown directly by sowing seeds in the ground on the ridges, according to the scheme: 45 × 5 cm. The collection nursery of perennial onions was represented by 12 cultivars for which studies were conducted in the vegetation conditions of 2017—2021. Depending on the age of the plant of perennial onions, we determined the active growth of the bush. The maximum growth was observed in the A. ramosum L. cultivar Aprior from 32.1 g to 265.8 g (variation in plant weight) over five years of growth and development. The same development trend was noted in the A. altaicum Pall. cultivar Alves and the A. nutans L. cultivar Lider. But it should be noted that for the A. fistulosum L. cultivar Russky Zimniy, this trend was not typical. A. fistulosum L. formed large leaves and stems in the first year of vegetation; the weight of the plant in the second year of study in Russky Zimniy was 89,3 g and in Troitsa it was 79.5 g). It is shown that according to the results of the obtained data, the mass of the plant of two cultivars (Russkiy Zimniy and Troitsa) increased twice in each year of the studies. The main biochemical parameters were identified according to classical methods of determination. In our studies, interspecific and intercultivar differences in the content of dry matter, vitamin C and monosaccharides were determined. Ranges of variation of the dry matter content in the leaves of perennial onions were 10.61—21.66 %, ascorbic acid: 46.61—66.02 mg% and sugars: 1.07—3.11 %. The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A and B, carotenoids) in the cultivars of perennial onions was divided into several groups depending on the value of the parameter and the variability affected by the plant species. According to the content of photosynthetic pigments, it was determined that the active accumulator of both chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B was the A. erubescens K. Koch cultivar Charodey (2.20 mg/g and 1.18 mg/g).
In these studies, seven species of perennial onions were studied: Allium altaicum Pall., A. fistulosum L., A. ramosum L., A. obliquum L., A. erubescens K. Koch, A. nutans L. and A. schoenoprasum L.. The study of the collection of perennial onions was carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region (Odintsovo district). The plants were grown directly by sowing seeds in the ground on the ridges, according to the scheme: 45 × 5 cm. The collection nursery of perennial onions was represented by 12 cultivars for which studies were conducted in the vegetation conditions of 2017—2021. Depending on the age of the plant of perennial onions, we determined the active growth of the bush. The maximum growth was observed in the A. ramosum L. cultivar Aprior from 32.1 g to 265.8 g (variation in plant weight) over five years of growth and development. The same development trend was noted in the A. altaicum Pall. cultivar Alves and the A. nutans L. cultivar Lider. But it should be noted that for the A. fistulosum L. cultivar Russky Zimniy, this trend was not typical. A. fistulosum L. formed large leaves and stems in the first year of vegetation; the weight of the plant in the second year of study in Russky Zimniy was 89,3 g and in Troitsa it was 79.5 g). It is shown that according to the results of the obtained data, the mass of the plant of two cultivars (Russkiy Zimniy and Troitsa) increased twice in each year of the studies. The main biochemical parameters were identified according to classical methods of determination. In our studies, interspecific and intercultivar differences in the content of dry matter, vitamin C and monosaccharides were determined. Ranges of variation of the dry matter content in the leaves of perennial onions were 10.61—21.66 %, ascorbic acid: 46.61—66.02 mg% and sugars: 1.07—3.11 %. The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A and B, carotenoids) in the cultivars of perennial onions was divided into several groups depending on the value of the parameter and the variability affected by the plant species. According to the content of photosynthetic pigments, it was determined that the active accumulator of both chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B was the A. erubescens K. Koch cultivar Charodey (2.20 mg/g and 1.18 mg/g).
References
1. Agafonov, A.F., Seredin, T.M., & Dubova, M.V. (2018). Use of species diversity in breeding Allium D. In Vegetable and melon growing: historical aspects, current state, problems and prospects of development: Proc. Sci. Conf. (Vol.1, pp. 19-24). Obukhov: FOP Gulyaeva V.M. (In Russian).
2. Goncharov, A.V., Seredin, T.M., Shumilina, V.V., & Golubev, F.V. (2022). Onion schnitt (Allium schoenoprasum L.): the main morphometric features and biochemical parameters. Bulletin of the Russian Agrarian Correspondence University, 40, 8-11. EDN: ZZQBIZ. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Ivanova, M.I., Bukharov, A.F., Baleev, D.N., Bukharova, A.R., Kashleva, A.I., Seredin, T.M., & Razin, O.A. (2019). The biochemical composition of Allium L. leaves under the environmental conditions of the Moscow region. Achievements of Science and Technology in Agro-Industrial Complex, 33(5), 47-50. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10511. EDN: ZNDOCX. (In Russian, English abstract).
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8. VIR (1968). Methodical guide on studying of collection material of onions. Leningrad: VIR. (In Russian).
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11. Sachivko, T.V., & Bosak, V.N. (2016). Features of the development of various types of perennial bows. In Prospects of scientific support of vegetable growing. Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 41-43). Samokhvalovichi: Institute for Vegetable Growing. EDN: NUNNOH. (In Russian).
13. Friesen, N., Borisjuk, N., Mes, T.H.M., Klaas, M., & Hanelt, P. (1997). Allotetraploid origin of Allium altyncolicum (Alliaceae, Allium sect. Schoenoprasum) as investigated by karyological and molecular markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 206, 317-335.
14. Priecina, L., & Karlina, D. (2013). Total polyphenol, flavonoid content and antiradical activity of celery, dill, parsley, onion and garlic dried in conventive and microwave-vacuum dryer. International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, 53, 107-112. https://www.doi.org/10.7763/IPCBEE
Abstract
Nevostrueva, E.Yu., & Andreeva, G.V. (2022). Modern assortment of raspberries of summer type of fruiting for the Volga-Vyatka region. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 46-52. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0306
The conditions of the Middle Urals are not favorable for most of the introduced cultivars of such a popular crop as raspberries. In connection with the increasing negative factors of the growing season in recent years, the resistance of raspberry cultivars to them is of no small importance. Especially to arid conditions, since the sensitivity of the culture to this abiotic environmental factor is known. Over the past ten years, the zoned assortment for the Volga-Vyatka region has been replenished with 5 cultivars of the Sverdlovsk breeding and 1 cultivar of the same breeding was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the West Siberian Region. This paper presents the research results for new zoned raspberry cultivars for the period from 2003 to 2021. Early ripening raspberry cultivars Alaya Rossyp, Lel, Vanda and cultivars of medium ripening Barkhatnaya, Antares and Fregat were studied. Lyubitelskaya Sverdlovska and Vysokaya were taken as control cultivars. The studies were carried out on a complex of economically valuable traits according to the generally accepted method of cultivar study. High winter hardiness over the entire period of the research was shown by the early-ripening cultivar Alaya Rossyp and the medium-term cultivar Antares, the degree of freezing of which did not exceed 1.0 points. In terms of yield compared to the control, Vanda (6.52 t/ha), Alaya Rossyp (6.08 t/ha) and Antares (7.73 t/ha) stood out. The most large-fruited of the studied cultivars was Fregat, the average berry weight of which was3.6 g , the weight of the berry in the first harvest was 5.0 g . Also, large berries were in the early cultivars Vanda and Lel (3.1—3.3 g ) and mid-season cultivar Antares – 3.4 g . All of the studied cultivars were resistant to raspberry beetle, there was less than 5.0% of damaged berries in the yield. They also had very weak (1.0 points) or weak (2.0 points) damage by purple and white spots of young shoots.
The conditions of the Middle Urals are not favorable for most of the introduced cultivars of such a popular crop as raspberries. In connection with the increasing negative factors of the growing season in recent years, the resistance of raspberry cultivars to them is of no small importance. Especially to arid conditions, since the sensitivity of the culture to this abiotic environmental factor is known. Over the past ten years, the zoned assortment for the Volga-Vyatka region has been replenished with 5 cultivars of the Sverdlovsk breeding and 1 cultivar of the same breeding was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the West Siberian Region. This paper presents the research results for new zoned raspberry cultivars for the period from 2003 to 2021. Early ripening raspberry cultivars Alaya Rossyp, Lel, Vanda and cultivars of medium ripening Barkhatnaya, Antares and Fregat were studied. Lyubitelskaya Sverdlovska and Vysokaya were taken as control cultivars. The studies were carried out on a complex of economically valuable traits according to the generally accepted method of cultivar study. High winter hardiness over the entire period of the research was shown by the early-ripening cultivar Alaya Rossyp and the medium-term cultivar Antares, the degree of freezing of which did not exceed 1.0 points. In terms of yield compared to the control, Vanda (6.52 t/ha), Alaya Rossyp (6.08 t/ha) and Antares (7.73 t/ha) stood out. The most large-fruited of the studied cultivars was Fregat, the average berry weight of which was
References
1. Andreeva, G.V. (2010). Results of the study of raspberry varieties in the conditions of the Middle Urals. In Scientific support for adaptive horticulture of the Ural region: Proc. Sci. Conf.. (pp. 146-151). Yekaterinburg. EDN: WHLTEL. (In Russian).
2. Andreeva, G.V. (2021). Modern assortment of strawberries and raspberries for the Urals. In 90 years in the service of the agro-industrial complex of the Urals: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 230-235). Chelyabinsk: ChelGU. EDN: GQNDSP. (In Russian).
3. Belyaev, A.A., Belykh, A.M., & Baklanova, G.I. (2012). Varietal resistance of raspberries to purple spot. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 29(1), 69-75. EDN: OPGCLL. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Gossortcommission (2022). State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage (National List). Plant varieties (official publication) (Vol. 1. pp 416-418). Moscow: FGBNU "Rosinformagrotekh". (In Russian).
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6. Evdokimenko, S.N., Sazonov, F.F., Andronova, N.V., Kozak, N.V., Imamkulova, Z.A., & Podgaetsky, M.A. (2022). Berry crops: biological features, variety and cultivation technology. Moskow: FSBSO ARHCBAN. (In Russian).
7. Evdokimenko, S.N., & Podgaetsky, M.A. (2019). State of raspberry assortment in Russia and problems of its improvement. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 59, 294-300. https://doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2019-59-294-300. EDN: OYKLAV. (In Russian, English abstract).
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11. Kotov, L.A. (2010). Innovative results of the creation of the Ural varieties of pome fruit crops as the basis for the modernization of fruit growing in the Urals. In Scientific support for adaptive horticulture of the Ural region: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 38-45). Yekaterinburg. EDN: WHLTSR. (In Russian).
12. Kulikov, I.M., Evdokimenko, S.N., Tumaeva, T.A., Kelina, A.V., Sazonov, F.F., Andronova, N.V., & Podgaetsky, M.A.(2021). Scientific support of small fruit growing in Russia and prospects for its development. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 25(4), 414-419. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ21.046. EDN: ASGGAN. (In Russian, English abstract).
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NURSERY AND HORTICULTURE
Abstract
Timusheva, O.K. (2022). The effects of root formation stimulators on the rooting of softwood cuttings of black currant cultivars. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 53-67. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0305
The article presents the results on vegetative propagation in 2021 by the method of softwood cuttings of five black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars from various selections in the conditions of the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. The softwood currant cuttings were prepared in the first decade of July and then planted in a cold greenhouse. The cuttings were kept in distilled water before planting using the rooting stimulators as Kornevin and Epin-extra (Epin). Without taking into account the result of the control group, about 76.0—90.4 % of softwood cuttings rooted and 66.7—68.8 % of them became acclimatized (survived). The results on rooting and survival of cuttings underlined the importance of stimulants and also confirmed it in view of formalized statistical analysis. In the middle of the second August decade, we dug out the cuttings of each cultivar kept in Kornevin, Epin before planting and those from the control, counted the number of zero- and first-order roots, and measured the length of zero-order roots. The use of root formation stimulants has a positive effect on the number of zero- and first-order roots regardless of the cultivar. It also favors the formation of zero-order roots of the black currant cultivars under consideration; this effect is statistically significant. The most confident conclusions about the significance of stimulants for the formation of zero-order roots in cuttings can be drawn for the cultivars Vologda and Elevesta (the maximum tfact values among all cultivars). For the majority of the studied black currant cultivars, the use of root formation stimulants has a positive effect on the average root length of the cutting except for the cultivars Elevesta and Lentay. For any cultivar with disregard for the environmental conditions, it averages 3.4—6.7 cm. Between the cultivars, the difference in the average root length with regard to the environmental conditions is 0.1—1.8 cm. The rooting stimulants Kornevin and Epin are efficient for vegetative propagation of softwood cuttings of black currant cultivars in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic.
The article presents the results on vegetative propagation in 2021 by the method of softwood cuttings of five black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars from various selections in the conditions of the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. The softwood currant cuttings were prepared in the first decade of July and then planted in a cold greenhouse. The cuttings were kept in distilled water before planting using the rooting stimulators as Kornevin and Epin-extra (Epin). Without taking into account the result of the control group, about 76.0—90.4 % of softwood cuttings rooted and 66.7—68.8 % of them became acclimatized (survived). The results on rooting and survival of cuttings underlined the importance of stimulants and also confirmed it in view of formalized statistical analysis. In the middle of the second August decade, we dug out the cuttings of each cultivar kept in Kornevin, Epin before planting and those from the control, counted the number of zero- and first-order roots, and measured the length of zero-order roots. The use of root formation stimulants has a positive effect on the number of zero- and first-order roots regardless of the cultivar. It also favors the formation of zero-order roots of the black currant cultivars under consideration; this effect is statistically significant. The most confident conclusions about the significance of stimulants for the formation of zero-order roots in cuttings can be drawn for the cultivars Vologda and Elevesta (the maximum tfact values among all cultivars). For the majority of the studied black currant cultivars, the use of root formation stimulants has a positive effect on the average root length of the cutting except for the cultivars Elevesta and Lentay. For any cultivar with disregard for the environmental conditions, it averages 3.4—6.7 cm. Between the cultivars, the difference in the average root length with regard to the environmental conditions is 0.1—1.8 cm. The rooting stimulants Kornevin and Epin are efficient for vegetative propagation of softwood cuttings of black currant cultivars in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic.
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