2018 ¹1
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Galasheva, A.M., Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Dolmatov, E.A. & Serova, Z.M. (2018). Scientific research of the department of breeding, variety investigation and variety agrotechnics of pome crops at VNIISPK. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 1-9. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10101. (In Russian, English abstract).
The research results of the department of breeding and variety investigation of pome crops at VNIISPK are presented. For the first time in Russia and in the world, Academician Sedov E.N. in collaboration with the Institute scientists developed a series of triploid apple varieties from intervalent crosses 2x × 4x that are characterized by regular fruit-bearing, high fruit marketability and higher autogamy. Apple varieties having immunity to scab and columnar habit of the crown have been created. 25 triploid varieties and 26 scab immune apple varieties from the VNIISPK breeding program have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use. The largest in Russia apple gene pool has been collected at the VNIISPK. It has 652 varieties and 357 selected and elite accessions of different genetic and ecological and geographical origin. A research team under the leadership of Dr. Krasova N.G. studies apple genetic resources. 836 genotypes have been evaluated for the basic commercial and biological indicators. The elements of intensive technologies of apple cultivation with the use of dwarf and intercalary rootstocks are being worked out. Agrotechnical methods for growing annual apple seedlings and methods of crown formation of fruit trees with different growth rates are being studied.At the laboratory of pear and non-traditional pome crop breeding, Dr. E.A. Dolmatov and his team carry out the research on pear breeding, breeding of dwarf rootstocks on the basis of quince and breeding of ornamental apple and pear trees. For the first time in Russia, the morphological and biological study of hybrid seedlings from the progenies obtained from crosses between donors of high winter hardiness and resistance to diseases and donors of dwarfism (D gene) has been carried out, as well as morphometric parameters have been determined for mass selection of Dd heterozygotes in the early stages of ontogenetic development. Complex donors have been created, which combine monogenic determinated dwarfism with group resistance to fungal diseases; elite forms of clone rootstocks have been allocated for pear and ornamental pears and apples.
The research results of the department of breeding and variety investigation of pome crops at VNIISPK are presented. For the first time in Russia and in the world, Academician Sedov E.N. in collaboration with the Institute scientists developed a series of triploid apple varieties from intervalent crosses 2x × 4x that are characterized by regular fruit-bearing, high fruit marketability and higher autogamy. Apple varieties having immunity to scab and columnar habit of the crown have been created. 25 triploid varieties and 26 scab immune apple varieties from the VNIISPK breeding program have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use. The largest in Russia apple gene pool has been collected at the VNIISPK. It has 652 varieties and 357 selected and elite accessions of different genetic and ecological and geographical origin. A research team under the leadership of Dr. Krasova N.G. studies apple genetic resources. 836 genotypes have been evaluated for the basic commercial and biological indicators. The elements of intensive technologies of apple cultivation with the use of dwarf and intercalary rootstocks are being worked out. Agrotechnical methods for growing annual apple seedlings and methods of crown formation of fruit trees with different growth rates are being studied.At the laboratory of pear and non-traditional pome crop breeding, Dr. E.A. Dolmatov and his team carry out the research on pear breeding, breeding of dwarf rootstocks on the basis of quince and breeding of ornamental apple and pear trees. For the first time in Russia, the morphological and biological study of hybrid seedlings from the progenies obtained from crosses between donors of high winter hardiness and resistance to diseases and donors of dwarfism (D gene) has been carried out, as well as morphometric parameters have been determined for mass selection of Dd heterozygotes in the early stages of ontogenetic development. Complex donors have been created, which combine monogenic determinated dwarfism with group resistance to fungal diseases; elite forms of clone rootstocks have been allocated for pear and ornamental pears and apples.
References
1. Borisova, O.N. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2017). Frost hardiness of root system of promising clone rootstocks for pear. Modern Science Success, 7, 11-13. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Borisova, O.N. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2017). Affinity of promising quince rootstocks from the arrifcb breeding program with pear cultivars. Modern Science Success, 5(2), 192-195. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Galasheva, A.M. (2007). Growth and fruiting features of apple varieties in the intensive orchard (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. (IN Russian).
4. Dolmatov, E.A. & Borisova, O.N. (2017). Promising forms of clonal rootstocks for pear from the VNIISPK breeding program. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 49, 95-99. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. (2010). Preliminary results of pear breeding with monogenically determinated dwarfing pattern. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 7-8. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V. & Sidorov, A.V. (2010). Prospects of breeding of pears with monogenic determinate dwarfism. In The development of I.V. Michurin’s scientific heritage on genetics and fruit breeding: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 124-126). Michurinsk: VNIIGISPR. (In Russian).
7. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V. & Sidorov, A.V. (2008). Breeding of pears with monogenic determinate dwarfism. In Problems of horticultural ecology and cultivar adaptivity in the modern horticulture of Russia (pp. 65-66). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. Prospects of breeding of pears with monogenic determinate dwarfism. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 44-53). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
9. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. (2014). Prospects of using pear forms bearing D gene in breeding of dwarf varieties. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 162-170). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Dolmatov, E.A., Sidorov, A.V. & Kachalkin, M.V. (2009). The results of the work at VNIISPK for mutant gene D transfer (NainVert) into pear genotypes of different origin. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 49-52). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
11. Keldybekov, A.A. (2016). Comparative study of dwarf intercalary apple rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. (In Russian).
12. Kornilov, B.B. (2016). Morphological features of ornamental apples and pears and prospects of their use in greenbelt setting in the central-Chernozem region of Russia (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. (In Russian).
13. Korolev, E.Yu. (2017). The evaluation of apple seedling shaping methods in the nursery and young orchard (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia. (In Russian).
14. Krasova, N.G. & Galasheva, A.M. (2004). Yield of apple varieties growing in intensive type orchards. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 24-31). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Krasova, N.G. (2017). Prospects of using apple variety collection of VNIISPK unique scientific installation of genetic collection in breeding. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 8-14. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00025. (In Russian, English abstract).
16. Sedov, E.N. (1977). Pear breeding in the Central Zone of RSFSR. Orel: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
17. Sedov, E.N. (2006). The oldest pomological institution of Russia. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
18. Sedov, E.N. & Dolmatov, E.A. (1997). Pear breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
19. Sedov, E.N. & Krasova, N.G. (2000). Dwarf stocks as intercalation and new apple cultivars of VNIISPK breeding for intensive orchards. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
2. Borisova, O.N. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2017). Affinity of promising quince rootstocks from the arrifcb breeding program with pear cultivars. Modern Science Success, 5(2), 192-195. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Galasheva, A.M. (2007). Growth and fruiting features of apple varieties in the intensive orchard (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. (IN Russian).
4. Dolmatov, E.A. & Borisova, O.N. (2017). Promising forms of clonal rootstocks for pear from the VNIISPK breeding program. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 49, 95-99. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. (2010). Preliminary results of pear breeding with monogenically determinated dwarfing pattern. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 7-8. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V. & Sidorov, A.V. (2010). Prospects of breeding of pears with monogenic determinate dwarfism. In The development of I.V. Michurin’s scientific heritage on genetics and fruit breeding: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 124-126). Michurinsk: VNIIGISPR. (In Russian).
7. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V. & Sidorov, A.V. (2008). Breeding of pears with monogenic determinate dwarfism. In Problems of horticultural ecology and cultivar adaptivity in the modern horticulture of Russia (pp. 65-66). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. Prospects of breeding of pears with monogenic determinate dwarfism. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 44-53). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
9. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. (2014). Prospects of using pear forms bearing D gene in breeding of dwarf varieties. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 162-170). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Dolmatov, E.A., Sidorov, A.V. & Kachalkin, M.V. (2009). The results of the work at VNIISPK for mutant gene D transfer (NainVert) into pear genotypes of different origin. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 49-52). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
11. Keldybekov, A.A. (2016). Comparative study of dwarf intercalary apple rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. (In Russian).
12. Kornilov, B.B. (2016). Morphological features of ornamental apples and pears and prospects of their use in greenbelt setting in the central-Chernozem region of Russia (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. (In Russian).
13. Korolev, E.Yu. (2017). The evaluation of apple seedling shaping methods in the nursery and young orchard (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia. (In Russian).
14. Krasova, N.G. & Galasheva, A.M. (2004). Yield of apple varieties growing in intensive type orchards. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 24-31). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Krasova, N.G. (2017). Prospects of using apple variety collection of VNIISPK unique scientific installation of genetic collection in breeding. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 8-14. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00025. (In Russian, English abstract).
16. Sedov, E.N. (1977). Pear breeding in the Central Zone of RSFSR. Orel: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
17. Sedov, E.N. (2006). The oldest pomological institution of Russia. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
18. Sedov, E.N. & Dolmatov, E.A. (1997). Pear breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
19. Sedov, E.N. & Krasova, N.G. (2000). Dwarf stocks as intercalation and new apple cultivars of VNIISPK breeding for intensive orchards. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
Abstract
Krasova, N.G., Galasheva, A.M. & Koroliov, E.Yu. (2018). The results of the study of apple varieties of VNIISPK breeding. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 10-17. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10102. (In Russian, English abstract).
The results of the studies of economical and biological features of the first apple varieties created at VNIISPK including Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky and Mekanis in comparison with the control varieties of the appropriate timing of maturation are given. Each variety was presented by 4 replications in twin rows, just 560 trees with planting scheme 7×4 m, vigorous seed rootstock, the year of planting was 1979. The variety studies made it possible to reveal the resistance of Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky to unfavorable winter climate with reversible damage at the level of winter hardy cultivar Antonovka Obyknovennaya. Mekanis and Wealthy showed poor winter hardiness with an average freezing score 3.8 and the death of trees from 57 to 67%. It is found that for 35 years of tree growth, Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky had yields at the level of the high productive control cultivar Antonovka Obyknovennaya. Orlovskoye Polosatoye was much superior to Osenneye Polosatoye in fast fruit bearing and yield. During the whole period of the studies, Sinap Orlovsky gave moderate yields, yielding to Severny Sinap according to this index, but exceeding in fruit quality (marketability, size and taste). Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky are moderately resistant to scab and have marketable and tasty fruit. The varieties are widely grown in the Central zone of Russia, suitable for the intensive orchards and their fruit are in demand from buyers.
The results of the studies of economical and biological features of the first apple varieties created at VNIISPK including Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky and Mekanis in comparison with the control varieties of the appropriate timing of maturation are given. Each variety was presented by 4 replications in twin rows, just 560 trees with planting scheme 7×4 m, vigorous seed rootstock, the year of planting was 1979. The variety studies made it possible to reveal the resistance of Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky to unfavorable winter climate with reversible damage at the level of winter hardy cultivar Antonovka Obyknovennaya. Mekanis and Wealthy showed poor winter hardiness with an average freezing score 3.8 and the death of trees from 57 to 67%. It is found that for 35 years of tree growth, Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky had yields at the level of the high productive control cultivar Antonovka Obyknovennaya. Orlovskoye Polosatoye was much superior to Osenneye Polosatoye in fast fruit bearing and yield. During the whole period of the studies, Sinap Orlovsky gave moderate yields, yielding to Severny Sinap according to this index, but exceeding in fruit quality (marketability, size and taste). Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik, Pamyat Voinu, Sinap Orlovsky are moderately resistant to scab and have marketable and tasty fruit. The varieties are widely grown in the Central zone of Russia, suitable for the intensive orchards and their fruit are in demand from buyers.
References
1. Esichev, S.T. (2008). Some results of apple variety testing at Kaluga GSU. In Problems of agroecology and variety adaptability in contemporary horticulture of Russia: Proc.Sci. Conf. (pp. 74-78). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian)
2. Kazlouskaya, Z.A., Yarmolich, S.A. & Marudo, G.M. (2017). Results of primary variety study of the apple cultivars of the selection VNIISPK in the conditions of Belarus. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 4(1), 56-59. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Krasova, N.G. (2006). Resistance of pome varieties to unfavorable winter conditions. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 16, 51-54. (In Russian).
4. Krasova, N.G., Ozherelieva, Z.E., Golyshkina, L.V., Makarkina, M.A., & Galasheva A.M. (2014). Winter hardiness of apple cultivars. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Krasova, N.G., Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Galasheva A.M. (2009). Resistance of apple flowers to spring frosts. Vestnik OrelGAU, 6, 116-120. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Sedov, E.N. (1973). Apple breeding in the Central Zone of RSFSR. Orel: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
7. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Skripnikov, V.Yu. & Skripnikova, M.K. (2001). Resistance of apple varieties of the Central Zone of Russia to frosts. In Basic results and prospects of scientific studies of I.V. Michurin VNIIS (1931–2001) (pp. 31-37). Tambov: TGTU. (In Russian).
9. Tyurina, M. M., Krasova, N. G., Rezvyakova, S. V., Saveliev, N. I., Dzhigadlo, E. N., & Ogoltsova, T.P. (1999). Study of winter hardiness of fruit and berry cultivars under the field and laboratory conditions. In: E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.) Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 59-68). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
10. Sukhotzky, M.I. (2005). Production testing of apple varieties in the north-west of Belarus. Belorussian farming, 7, 39-43. (In Russian).
2. Kazlouskaya, Z.A., Yarmolich, S.A. & Marudo, G.M. (2017). Results of primary variety study of the apple cultivars of the selection VNIISPK in the conditions of Belarus. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 4(1), 56-59. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Krasova, N.G. (2006). Resistance of pome varieties to unfavorable winter conditions. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 16, 51-54. (In Russian).
4. Krasova, N.G., Ozherelieva, Z.E., Golyshkina, L.V., Makarkina, M.A., & Galasheva A.M. (2014). Winter hardiness of apple cultivars. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Krasova, N.G., Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Galasheva A.M. (2009). Resistance of apple flowers to spring frosts. Vestnik OrelGAU, 6, 116-120. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Sedov, E.N. (1973). Apple breeding in the Central Zone of RSFSR. Orel: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
7. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Skripnikov, V.Yu. & Skripnikova, M.K. (2001). Resistance of apple varieties of the Central Zone of Russia to frosts. In Basic results and prospects of scientific studies of I.V. Michurin VNIIS (1931–2001) (pp. 31-37). Tambov: TGTU. (In Russian).
9. Tyurina, M. M., Krasova, N. G., Rezvyakova, S. V., Saveliev, N. I., Dzhigadlo, E. N., & Ogoltsova, T.P. (1999). Study of winter hardiness of fruit and berry cultivars under the field and laboratory conditions. In: E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.) Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 59-68). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
10. Sukhotzky, M.I. (2005). Production testing of apple varieties in the north-west of Belarus. Belorussian farming, 7, 39-43. (In Russian).
Abstract
Gorbacheva, N.G., Sedov, E.N. & Klimenko, M.A. (2018). Cytological control in apple breeding with polyploidy using. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 18-23. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10103. (In Russian, English abstract).
Different chromosome crossings diploid x tetraploid and tetraploid x diploid are an efficient method in creating a large hybrid fund of apple triploids. The use of tetraploids as initial forms in apple breeding for creating triploid varieties mandatory involves the study of the condition of their generative sphere and the analysis of ploidy of the hybrid progeny from different chromosome crossings. The cytological control of the hybrid progeny was carried out. The analysis of the microsporogenesis in tetraploid apple was studied. The determination of ploidy of hybrid apple seedlings in the family 6389 (Girlianda (2x)×34-21-39 (4x)) showed 80% of triploid plants (2n=3x=51) and 20% of diploid ones (2n=2x=34). The analysis of ploidy of hybrid apple seedlings obtained from Gorno-Altaiskoye FGUP showed that all the plants had a triploid set of chromosomes. The meiosis study during the microsporogenesis in tetraploid apple 34-21-36 (4x) [30-47-88 [Liberty×13-6-106 (s.s.Suvorovetz)] (4x)×Krasa Sverdlovska (2x)] allowed concluding that this genotype can be used as a pollinator in apple breeding with polyploidy using. The deviations from the norm were observed at all the consecutive stages of meiosis. At different stages of division it was rushing and releases of chromosomes into the cytoplasm of microsporocyte, delay and emissions, the presence of micronuclei and supernumeral nuclei. At the stage of tetrads were formed polyades: pentades, hexades, heptades, octades and nanades. In 36,1% cases the microsporogenesis process was completed by the formation of normal tetrads that after maturing were broken into normal microspores having a diploid set of chromosomes.
Different chromosome crossings diploid x tetraploid and tetraploid x diploid are an efficient method in creating a large hybrid fund of apple triploids. The use of tetraploids as initial forms in apple breeding for creating triploid varieties mandatory involves the study of the condition of their generative sphere and the analysis of ploidy of the hybrid progeny from different chromosome crossings. The cytological control of the hybrid progeny was carried out. The analysis of the microsporogenesis in tetraploid apple was studied. The determination of ploidy of hybrid apple seedlings in the family 6389 (Girlianda (2x)×34-21-39 (4x)) showed 80% of triploid plants (2n=3x=51) and 20% of diploid ones (2n=2x=34). The analysis of ploidy of hybrid apple seedlings obtained from Gorno-Altaiskoye FGUP showed that all the plants had a triploid set of chromosomes. The meiosis study during the microsporogenesis in tetraploid apple 34-21-36 (4x) [30-47-88 [Liberty×13-6-106 (s.s.Suvorovetz)] (4x)×Krasa Sverdlovska (2x)] allowed concluding that this genotype can be used as a pollinator in apple breeding with polyploidy using. The deviations from the norm were observed at all the consecutive stages of meiosis. At different stages of division it was rushing and releases of chromosomes into the cytoplasm of microsporocyte, delay and emissions, the presence of micronuclei and supernumeral nuclei. At the stage of tetrads were formed polyades: pentades, hexades, heptades, octades and nanades. In 36,1% cases the microsporogenesis process was completed by the formation of normal tetrads that after maturing were broken into normal microspores having a diploid set of chromosomes.
References
1. Kaptar, S.G. (1967). A faster propionic-lacmoid method of preparing and staining temporary cytological specimens for plant chromosome counts. Cytology and genetics, 1(4), 87-90. (In Russian).
2. Nenko, N.I., Kiseleva, G.K., Karavaeva, A.V. & Ulyanovskaya, E.V. (2013). Drought resistance of the promising types of the apple varieties of different ploidy in the southern region of Russia. In Contemporary cultivars and technologies for intensive orchards: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 158-160). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Rudenko, I.S., & Dudukal, G.D. (1972). Idle time and quick method of preparing of temporary preparations for cytological studies of fruit crops. Cytology and genetics, 6(3), 266-268. (In Russian).
4. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Makarkina, M.A., Levgerova, N.S., Serova, Z.M., Korneyeva, S.A., Gorbacheva, N.G., Salina, E.S., Yanchuk, T.V., Pikunova, A.V. & Ozherelieva, Z.E. (2015). The innovations in apple genome modification opening new prospects in breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
5. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Krasova, N.G., Serova, Z.M. & Yanchuk, T.V. (2017). Advantages and prospects of new triploid apple varieties for production. Horticulture and viticulture, 2, 24-30. DOI: 10.18454/VSTISP.2017.2.5441. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Sedysheva, G. A. (1990).Approaching to the color of somatic chromosomes in fruit plants. In Varieties and technology for modern orchard (pp. 24-27). Tula, Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
7. Topilskaya, L.A., Luchnikova, S.V. & Chuvashina, N.P. (1975). Study of currant somatic and meiotic chromosomes on acetohematoxylin squash preparations. Bulleten I.V. Michurin CGL, 22, 58-61. (In Russian).
8. Tuz, A.S. & Lozitskiy, A.Ya. (1970). Polyploid apple and pear cultivars. Genetika, 9, 41-50. (In Russian).
9. Bacharach, A. (1982). Triploid apple cultivars have advantages. Western Fruit Grower, 102(6), 32.
10. Singh, R., & Wafai, B. A. (1984): Intravarietal polyploidy in the apple (Malus pumila Mill.) cultivar Hazratbali. Euphytica, 33(1), 209-214. doi: 10.1007/BF00022767.
2. Nenko, N.I., Kiseleva, G.K., Karavaeva, A.V. & Ulyanovskaya, E.V. (2013). Drought resistance of the promising types of the apple varieties of different ploidy in the southern region of Russia. In Contemporary cultivars and technologies for intensive orchards: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 158-160). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Rudenko, I.S., & Dudukal, G.D. (1972). Idle time and quick method of preparing of temporary preparations for cytological studies of fruit crops. Cytology and genetics, 6(3), 266-268. (In Russian).
4. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Makarkina, M.A., Levgerova, N.S., Serova, Z.M., Korneyeva, S.A., Gorbacheva, N.G., Salina, E.S., Yanchuk, T.V., Pikunova, A.V. & Ozherelieva, Z.E. (2015). The innovations in apple genome modification opening new prospects in breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
5. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Krasova, N.G., Serova, Z.M. & Yanchuk, T.V. (2017). Advantages and prospects of new triploid apple varieties for production. Horticulture and viticulture, 2, 24-30. DOI: 10.18454/VSTISP.2017.2.5441. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Sedysheva, G. A. (1990).Approaching to the color of somatic chromosomes in fruit plants. In Varieties and technology for modern orchard (pp. 24-27). Tula, Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
7. Topilskaya, L.A., Luchnikova, S.V. & Chuvashina, N.P. (1975). Study of currant somatic and meiotic chromosomes on acetohematoxylin squash preparations. Bulleten I.V. Michurin CGL, 22, 58-61. (In Russian).
8. Tuz, A.S. & Lozitskiy, A.Ya. (1970). Polyploid apple and pear cultivars. Genetika, 9, 41-50. (In Russian).
9. Bacharach, A. (1982). Triploid apple cultivars have advantages. Western Fruit Grower, 102(6), 32.
10. Singh, R., & Wafai, B. A. (1984): Intravarietal polyploidy in the apple (Malus pumila Mill.) cultivar Hazratbali. Euphytica, 33(1), 209-214. doi: 10.1007/BF00022767.
Abstract
Pavel, A.R. & Makarkina, M.A. (2018). The content of pectin substances and the stability feature of the new apple varieties cultivars developed at the VNIISPK. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 24-30. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10104. (In Russian, English abstract).
The content of pectin substances is one of the typical characters of each plant species. The term "pectin substances" means the following compounds: pectin acids, pectic acids, pectins and protopectins. As gel-formers and emulsifiers pectins are widely used in medicine and pharmacology. Pectins prevent absorption in the body of toxic substances, including heavy metals and radionucleids. Due to the gelling ability, they are used in the food industry for the preparation of marmalade, jam, pastila, jelly, ice cream and fruit fillings. Pectin helps to preserve the jelly natural color and flavor. The article gives the assessment of 15 new apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding for the content of pectin substances. The results of the research are presented for 2012...2017 years. It is established that all studied varieties are sufficiently rich in pectin substances. The best genotypes are allocated for the content of pectin in fruits (more than 11% by dry weight): Afrodita (11.4%), Vavilovskoye (11.6%), Orlovskaya Yesenia (11.3%), Zhilinskoye (12.7%), Maslovskoye (11.2%), Ministr Kisilev (11.1%), Pamiaty Blynskogo (13.0% and Sozvezdie (11.7%). The average varietal variability has been determined; the variation coefficient of the varieties was 11.8%. Maslovskoye, a triploid variety of summer ripening, has been allocated. This cultivar is of interest for the further breeding for improved chemical fruit composition, combining higher content of pectin substances (11.0% and more) with the stability of the character (V≤10,0%). Characteristics of the content of pectin and protopectin in fruits are presented. An average content of the soluble pectin in apples was 6.3%, protopectin – 4.5%.
The content of pectin substances is one of the typical characters of each plant species. The term "pectin substances" means the following compounds: pectin acids, pectic acids, pectins and protopectins. As gel-formers and emulsifiers pectins are widely used in medicine and pharmacology. Pectins prevent absorption in the body of toxic substances, including heavy metals and radionucleids. Due to the gelling ability, they are used in the food industry for the preparation of marmalade, jam, pastila, jelly, ice cream and fruit fillings. Pectin helps to preserve the jelly natural color and flavor. The article gives the assessment of 15 new apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding for the content of pectin substances. The results of the research are presented for 2012...2017 years. It is established that all studied varieties are sufficiently rich in pectin substances. The best genotypes are allocated for the content of pectin in fruits (more than 11% by dry weight): Afrodita (11.4%), Vavilovskoye (11.6%), Orlovskaya Yesenia (11.3%), Zhilinskoye (12.7%), Maslovskoye (11.2%), Ministr Kisilev (11.1%), Pamiaty Blynskogo (13.0% and Sozvezdie (11.7%). The average varietal variability has been determined; the variation coefficient of the varieties was 11.8%. Maslovskoye, a triploid variety of summer ripening, has been allocated. This cultivar is of interest for the further breeding for improved chemical fruit composition, combining higher content of pectin substances (11.0% and more) with the stability of the character (V≤10,0%). Characteristics of the content of pectin and protopectin in fruits are presented. An average content of the soluble pectin in apples was 6.3%, protopectin – 4.5%.
References
1. Briggs, F. & Knowles, P. (1972). Introduction to plant breeding: transl. from English. Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
2. Dadashev, M.N., Vagidov, Ya.A., Shikhnebiev, D.A. & Balieva, Zh.S. (2000). Prospects of production and application of pectin substances. Storage and processing of farm products, 9, 46-50. (In Russian).
3. Zhuchenko, A.A. (1988). Adaptive potential of cultivated plants (ecological and genetic principles). Kishinev: Shtiintsa. (In Russian)
4. Kratz, R., Kochetkova, A.A. & Kolesnov, A.Yu. (1993). Pectin structure, functional features and production. Food processing Industry, 1, 31-32. (In Russian)
5. Kretovich, V.L. (1986). Biochemistry of plants. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. (In Russian).
6. Makarkina, M.A., Gruner, L.A., Yanchuk, T.V. & Pavel, A.R. (2010). Content of pectines in apples in the conditions of Russian Centrally- Chernozem region. Agricultural Biology, 5, 23-26. (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Mesheryakova, V.A., Samsonov, M.A., Gapiarov, M.M., Plotnikova, O.A., Pokrovskaya, G.R., Golovkina, T.M., Zaboikina, T.N. & Sanina, I.V. (1988). Effect of pectin on indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolismin patients with ischemic heart disease. Problems of Nutrition,1, 14-17. (In Russian).
8. Pavel, A.R. & Makarkina, M.A. (2007). Pectin substances in apples of scab immune cultivars. Horticulture and viticulture, 1, 17. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Petrova, V.P. (1986). Biochemistry of wild fruit-berry plants. Kiev: Visha Shkola. (In Russian).
10. Priputina, L.S. (1991). Physical and chemical features of pectins and their importance for organism condition. Rational nutrition, 26, 66-68. (In Russian).
11. Ptichkina, N.M. (2000). Raw potential for pectin production in Low Volga region. Food processing Industry, 11, 42-45. (In Russian)
12. Sapozhnikova, E.V. (1965).Pectin substances of fruits. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian).
13. Sapozhnikova, E.V., Alba, N.V. (1972). Variability of pectin substances in fruit relative to the environment. In Procidings of seminar on biologically active (medicinal) substances of fruits and berries (pp. 304-306). Michurinsk. (In Russian).
14. Sedov, E.N. (2011). Breeding and new apple varieties. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
15. Sedova, Z.A. (1981). Biochemical characteristic of fruit. In Apple variety catalogue (pp. 74-84). Orel: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
16. Sedova, Z.A., Leonchenko, V.G. & Astakhov, A.I. (1999). The assessment of varieties according to the chemical composition of fruit. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 160-167). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
17. Speransky, V.G. (1967). Merchandising technique of fresh fruit and vegetables. Moscow: Economics. (In Russian).
18. Stankevich, K.V. & Arkhipova, L.I. (1981). On apple breeding for chemical composition of fruit. In Apple breeding in the USSR (pp. 155-161). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
19. Shirko, T.S. & Yaroshevich, I.V. (1991). Biochemical parameters and quality of fruits. Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika. (In Russian).
2. Dadashev, M.N., Vagidov, Ya.A., Shikhnebiev, D.A. & Balieva, Zh.S. (2000). Prospects of production and application of pectin substances. Storage and processing of farm products, 9, 46-50. (In Russian).
3. Zhuchenko, A.A. (1988). Adaptive potential of cultivated plants (ecological and genetic principles). Kishinev: Shtiintsa. (In Russian)
4. Kratz, R., Kochetkova, A.A. & Kolesnov, A.Yu. (1993). Pectin structure, functional features and production. Food processing Industry, 1, 31-32. (In Russian)
5. Kretovich, V.L. (1986). Biochemistry of plants. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. (In Russian).
6. Makarkina, M.A., Gruner, L.A., Yanchuk, T.V. & Pavel, A.R. (2010). Content of pectines in apples in the conditions of Russian Centrally- Chernozem region. Agricultural Biology, 5, 23-26. (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Mesheryakova, V.A., Samsonov, M.A., Gapiarov, M.M., Plotnikova, O.A., Pokrovskaya, G.R., Golovkina, T.M., Zaboikina, T.N. & Sanina, I.V. (1988). Effect of pectin on indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolismin patients with ischemic heart disease. Problems of Nutrition,1, 14-17. (In Russian).
8. Pavel, A.R. & Makarkina, M.A. (2007). Pectin substances in apples of scab immune cultivars. Horticulture and viticulture, 1, 17. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Petrova, V.P. (1986). Biochemistry of wild fruit-berry plants. Kiev: Visha Shkola. (In Russian).
10. Priputina, L.S. (1991). Physical and chemical features of pectins and their importance for organism condition. Rational nutrition, 26, 66-68. (In Russian).
11. Ptichkina, N.M. (2000). Raw potential for pectin production in Low Volga region. Food processing Industry, 11, 42-45. (In Russian)
12. Sapozhnikova, E.V. (1965).Pectin substances of fruits. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian).
13. Sapozhnikova, E.V., Alba, N.V. (1972). Variability of pectin substances in fruit relative to the environment. In Procidings of seminar on biologically active (medicinal) substances of fruits and berries (pp. 304-306). Michurinsk. (In Russian).
14. Sedov, E.N. (2011). Breeding and new apple varieties. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
15. Sedova, Z.A. (1981). Biochemical characteristic of fruit. In Apple variety catalogue (pp. 74-84). Orel: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
16. Sedova, Z.A., Leonchenko, V.G. & Astakhov, A.I. (1999). The assessment of varieties according to the chemical composition of fruit. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 160-167). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
17. Speransky, V.G. (1967). Merchandising technique of fresh fruit and vegetables. Moscow: Economics. (In Russian).
18. Stankevich, K.V. & Arkhipova, L.I. (1981). On apple breeding for chemical composition of fruit. In Apple breeding in the USSR (pp. 155-161). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
19. Shirko, T.S. & Yaroshevich, I.V. (1991). Biochemical parameters and quality of fruits. Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika. (In Russian).
Abstract
Kornilov, B.B., Ozherelieva, Z.E., Dolmatov, E.A. & Khrykina, T.A. (2018). Winter hardiness of ornamental pears from VNIISPK genetic collection. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 31-37. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10105. (In Russian, English abstract).
The aim of the work was to reveal the features of winter hardiness in 6 ornamental pears. Ornamental pears including 17-43-30, 17-43-36, DK-2, DK-3, Alaya and Sharovidnaya were studied. The results of the studies are presented. The studies were done at VNIISPK in 2012–2014 with the use of the modern generally accepted methods of fruit crop winter hardiness assessment in the field and laboratory conditions. All of the studied pears demonstrated high winter hardiness of the annual wood increment in the field. Under the artificial freezing the best indications were observed in two objects (17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya), which have three components of winter hardiness (I, III and IV). The genotypes were divided into groups according to the presence of two components of winter hardiness in different combinations. 17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya had the resistance to early frosts in November and early December and resistance maintaining during the periods of thaw. The resistance maintaining during the periods of thaw and the ability to restore the resistance during the repeated hardening after thaws were characteristic of 17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya. Five genotypes (17-43-30, 17-43-36, DK-2, DK-3 and Sharovidnaya) possessed the resistance to early frosts in November and early December and ability to restore the resistance during the repeated hardening after thaws. As a result of the observations in the field and artificial freezing in the laboratory, the most winter hardy genotypes were 17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya.
The aim of the work was to reveal the features of winter hardiness in 6 ornamental pears. Ornamental pears including 17-43-30, 17-43-36, DK-2, DK-3, Alaya and Sharovidnaya were studied. The results of the studies are presented. The studies were done at VNIISPK in 2012–2014 with the use of the modern generally accepted methods of fruit crop winter hardiness assessment in the field and laboratory conditions. All of the studied pears demonstrated high winter hardiness of the annual wood increment in the field. Under the artificial freezing the best indications were observed in two objects (17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya), which have three components of winter hardiness (I, III and IV). The genotypes were divided into groups according to the presence of two components of winter hardiness in different combinations. 17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya had the resistance to early frosts in November and early December and resistance maintaining during the periods of thaw. The resistance maintaining during the periods of thaw and the ability to restore the resistance during the repeated hardening after thaws were characteristic of 17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya. Five genotypes (17-43-30, 17-43-36, DK-2, DK-3 and Sharovidnaya) possessed the resistance to early frosts in November and early December and ability to restore the resistance during the repeated hardening after thaws. As a result of the observations in the field and artificial freezing in the laboratory, the most winter hardy genotypes were 17-43-30 and Sharovidnaya.
References
1. Anonymous (2017). The state register of breeding achievements admitted for use: plant varieties (official publication). Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. (2014). Prospects of using pear forms bearing D gene in breeding of dwarf varieties. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 1, 162-170. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Isachkin, A.V. (2012). On the state of ornamental crops in Russia. Retrieved from https://www.ruspitomniki.ru/article/selekciya-i-introdukciya-rastenij.html/id/207
4. Kornilov, B.B. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2015). Winter hardiness of ornamental forms of apple and pear. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 41, 180-185. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kornilov, B.B. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2014). Winter hardiness estimation of ornamental pome crops (apple, pear) by field method. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 19-24. Retrieved from http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2014/3/34.pdf (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Kulikov, I.M. & Artyukhova, A.V. (2008). Decorative gardening of Russia: yesterday, today, tomorrow (VSTISP experience). Subtropical and ornamental plants, 41, 3-11. (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Sedov, E.N. (2010). Study of triploid apple varieties on components of winter hardiness. In Biological principles of horticulture and vegetable-growing: Proc. Sci. Int. Conf. (pp. 244-248). Michurinsk (In Russian).
8. Rezvyakova, S.V. (2007). The assessment of fruit crops on components of winter hardiness. Orel: Orel State Agrarian University. (In Russian).
9. Savelyev, N.I., Yushkov, A.N. & Kruzhkov, A.V. (2011). Analysis of meteorogical factors that destabilize the realization of fruit crop biopotential in Tambov region conditions. Scientific Journal of KubSAU, 6(4), 1-13. (In Russian, English abstract)
10. Tyurina, M.M., Krasova, N.G., Rezvyakova, S.V., Saveliev, N.I., Dzhigadlo, E.N., & Ogoltsova, T.P. (1999). Study of winter hardiness of fruit and berry cultivars under the field and laboratory conditions. In: E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.) Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 59-68). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
11. Tyurina, M.M., & Gogoleva, G.A. (1978). Accelerated assessment of frost resistance of fruit and berry plants. Methodological recommendations. Moscow: Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture of Non-chernozem zone. (In Russian).
12. Coleman, W.K., & Estabrooks, E.N. (1985). Chemical modification of cold hardiness in apple trees in Eastern Canada. Canadian journal of plant science, 65(4), 969-975. doi: 10.4141/cjps85-123.
13. Doroshenko, T.N. (2001). Early diagnostics of frost resistance in Horticultural plant breeding. Horticulture and Vegetable Growing: Scientific works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture, 20(3), 84-90.
2. Dolmatov, E.A., Kachalkin, M.V., Sidorov, A.V. & Khrykina, T.A. (2014). Prospects of using pear forms bearing D gene in breeding of dwarf varieties. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 1, 162-170. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Isachkin, A.V. (2012). On the state of ornamental crops in Russia. Retrieved from https://www.ruspitomniki.ru/article/selekciya-i-introdukciya-rastenij.html/id/207
4. Kornilov, B.B. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2015). Winter hardiness of ornamental forms of apple and pear. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 41, 180-185. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kornilov, B.B. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2014). Winter hardiness estimation of ornamental pome crops (apple, pear) by field method. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 19-24. Retrieved from http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2014/3/34.pdf (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Kulikov, I.M. & Artyukhova, A.V. (2008). Decorative gardening of Russia: yesterday, today, tomorrow (VSTISP experience). Subtropical and ornamental plants, 41, 3-11. (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Sedov, E.N. (2010). Study of triploid apple varieties on components of winter hardiness. In Biological principles of horticulture and vegetable-growing: Proc. Sci. Int. Conf. (pp. 244-248). Michurinsk (In Russian).
8. Rezvyakova, S.V. (2007). The assessment of fruit crops on components of winter hardiness. Orel: Orel State Agrarian University. (In Russian).
9. Savelyev, N.I., Yushkov, A.N. & Kruzhkov, A.V. (2011). Analysis of meteorogical factors that destabilize the realization of fruit crop biopotential in Tambov region conditions. Scientific Journal of KubSAU, 6(4), 1-13. (In Russian, English abstract)
10. Tyurina, M.M., Krasova, N.G., Rezvyakova, S.V., Saveliev, N.I., Dzhigadlo, E.N., & Ogoltsova, T.P. (1999). Study of winter hardiness of fruit and berry cultivars under the field and laboratory conditions. In: E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.) Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 59-68). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
11. Tyurina, M.M., & Gogoleva, G.A. (1978). Accelerated assessment of frost resistance of fruit and berry plants. Methodological recommendations. Moscow: Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture of Non-chernozem zone. (In Russian).
12. Coleman, W.K., & Estabrooks, E.N. (1985). Chemical modification of cold hardiness in apple trees in Eastern Canada. Canadian journal of plant science, 65(4), 969-975. doi: 10.4141/cjps85-123.
13. Doroshenko, T.N. (2001). Early diagnostics of frost resistance in Horticultural plant breeding. Horticulture and Vegetable Growing: Scientific works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture, 20(3), 84-90.
Abstract
Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Guliaeva, A.A. (2018). Resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to spring frosts. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 38-43. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10106. (In Russian, English abstract).
Due to unstable weather conditions at the beginning initially the vegetation period of sweet cherry variety are exposed to stress factors. In this paper the experimental studies were summarized on the resistance of a sweet cherry variety to spring frosts during 2015…2017. The researches were performed in the laboratory of resistance physiology of fruit crops at the Russian research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) in 2015…2017. Sweet cherry cultivars developed at the VNIISPK were investigated. The aim of the research was to study sweet cherry variety the spring frost and introduced plants and to reveal the plants resistant to climatic conditions of at spring period in the middle zone of Russia. The resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to spring frosts was determined by artificial freezing. Early in May, -1°C, -2°C and -3°C frosts were modeled in a climatic chamber. It was determined that in flower buds and opened flowers the pistils perished from the frost while stamens remained undamaged. The resistance of generative organs in sweet cherry cultivars studied to spring frost was identified as - 1°C. Further temperature lowering intensified the damages of flowers and flower buds. The experiment allowed revealing the largest biological potential of resistance to spring frosts developed at the VNIISPK were investigated in "Trosnianskaya"
Due to unstable weather conditions at the beginning initially the vegetation period of sweet cherry variety are exposed to stress factors. In this paper the experimental studies were summarized on the resistance of a sweet cherry variety to spring frosts during 2015…2017. The researches were performed in the laboratory of resistance physiology of fruit crops at the Russian research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) in 2015…2017. Sweet cherry cultivars developed at the VNIISPK were investigated. The aim of the research was to study sweet cherry variety the spring frost and introduced plants and to reveal the plants resistant to climatic conditions of at spring period in the middle zone of Russia. The resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to spring frosts was determined by artificial freezing. Early in May, -1°C, -2°C and -3°C frosts were modeled in a climatic chamber. It was determined that in flower buds and opened flowers the pistils perished from the frost while stamens remained undamaged. The resistance of generative organs in sweet cherry cultivars studied to spring frost was identified as - 1°C. Further temperature lowering intensified the damages of flowers and flower buds. The experiment allowed revealing the largest biological potential of resistance to spring frosts developed at the VNIISPK were investigated in "Trosnianskaya"
References
1. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
2. Dzhigadlo, E.N. (2009). The improvement of breeding methods, the development of sour and sweet cherry cultivars and their rootstocks ecologically adapted to the conditions of the Central region of Russia. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Leonchenko, V.G., Evseyeva, R.P., Zhbanova, E.V. & Cherenkova, T.A. (2007). The preliminary selection of promising genotypes of fruit plants for ecological resistance and biochemical value of fruit: methodical recommendations. Michurinsk: VNIIGISPR. (In Russian).
4. Ozhereleva, Z.E. (2001). The assessment of economic and biological traits of sour and sweet cherry genotypes in the south of Nechernozemie (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Bryansk State Agrarian University, Bryansk, Russia. (In Russian).
5. Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Guliaeva, A.A. (2015). Frost effect on resistance of cherry generative organs during flourification. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 45-51. Retrieved from http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/3/47.pdf (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Linde, On L., Palonen, P. & Hytonen, T. (2002) Evaluation of three methods to assess winter hardiness of strawberry genotypes. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(5), 580-588. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2002.11511542.
2. Dzhigadlo, E.N. (2009). The improvement of breeding methods, the development of sour and sweet cherry cultivars and their rootstocks ecologically adapted to the conditions of the Central region of Russia. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Leonchenko, V.G., Evseyeva, R.P., Zhbanova, E.V. & Cherenkova, T.A. (2007). The preliminary selection of promising genotypes of fruit plants for ecological resistance and biochemical value of fruit: methodical recommendations. Michurinsk: VNIIGISPR. (In Russian).
4. Ozhereleva, Z.E. (2001). The assessment of economic and biological traits of sour and sweet cherry genotypes in the south of Nechernozemie (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Bryansk State Agrarian University, Bryansk, Russia. (In Russian).
5. Ozherelieva, Z.E. & Guliaeva, A.A. (2015). Frost effect on resistance of cherry generative organs during flourification. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 45-51. Retrieved from http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/3/47.pdf (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Linde, On L., Palonen, P. & Hytonen, T. (2002) Evaluation of three methods to assess winter hardiness of strawberry genotypes. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(5), 580-588. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2002.11511542.
Abstract
Avdeeva, Z.A., Mursalimova, G.R. & Salimova, R.R. (2018). The productivity evaluation of strawberry breeding ARBTIH in the conditions of steppe of the Urals. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 44-49. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10107. (In Russian, English abstract).
The article presents the results of studying the productivity of strawberry varieties of ARBTIHN garden selection in the conditions of the Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region).The purpose of the study is a comparative study of introduced varieties of strawberries on productivity and its components and on this basis the allocation of the most productive and adaptive varieties in the Urals. The productivity of strawberries in the Orenburg region is limited, as a rule, by low adaptation of varieties to local climatic conditions. Severe winters and hot dry summers constrain the development of strawberry culture. During the period of the research the winter in 2014–2015 was the most severe one. Continuous frosts in the early winter in the absence of snow cover led to freezing plants and reduce the productivity of strawberry varieties. When comparing the varieties in productivity on average over the 3-year study, Troizkaja, Kokinskaja Zarja and Emelja were distinguished. The productivity of the control variety Zenga-Zengana was 0.21, Orlets – 0.19 kg per plant. These varieties were also allocated on productivity components: number of peduncles (more than 5.0) and fruits (25–30 pieces) per plant, large size of fruits (average weight more than 9.0 g) that confirms the prospects of their cultivation in the region and further selection work.
The article presents the results of studying the productivity of strawberry varieties of ARBTIHN garden selection in the conditions of the Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region).The purpose of the study is a comparative study of introduced varieties of strawberries on productivity and its components and on this basis the allocation of the most productive and adaptive varieties in the Urals. The productivity of strawberries in the Orenburg region is limited, as a rule, by low adaptation of varieties to local climatic conditions. Severe winters and hot dry summers constrain the development of strawberry culture. During the period of the research the winter in 2014–2015 was the most severe one. Continuous frosts in the early winter in the absence of snow cover led to freezing plants and reduce the productivity of strawberry varieties. When comparing the varieties in productivity on average over the 3-year study, Troizkaja, Kokinskaja Zarja and Emelja were distinguished. The productivity of the control variety Zenga-Zengana was 0.21, Orlets – 0.19 kg per plant. These varieties were also allocated on productivity components: number of peduncles (more than 5.0) and fruits (25–30 pieces) per plant, large size of fruits (average weight more than 9.0 g) that confirms the prospects of their cultivation in the region and further selection work.
References
1. Avdeeva, Z.A. (2007). Biologica features of Fragaria L. cultivars in conditions of Orenburg Urals (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia. (In Russian).
2. Bringhurst, R.S., & Voth, V. (1979). California strawberry cultivars – Past, present and prospects. Fruit varieties journal, 33(2), 45-48.
3. Aitzhanova, S.D., Andronov, V.I. & Andronova, N.V. (2006). Breeding potential of strawberry productivity and yield in Brynsk region. In Condition and Prospects of berry Growing Development in Russia: Proc. Sci. Conf (pp 15-19). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Avdeeva, Z.A. (2009). Strawberry adaptability to unfavorable factors of the environment in conditions of Orenburg steppe zone. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 22(1), 177-182. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Avdeeva, Z.A. (2014). Strawberry cultivars promising for Orenburg conditions. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 11-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Avdeyeva, Z.A., Ivanova, E.A. & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). The results of variety trials and use of genetic resources of strawberry on the territory of the Orenburg region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 45, 11-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Kichina, V.V. (1984). Berry crop genetics and breeding. Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
8. Avdeyeva, Z.A. (2014). Productivity of garden strawberry varieties under the conditions of Orenburzhye. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 3, 11-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Shokaeva, D.B. & Zubov, A.A. (1999). Strawberry, hautbois strawberry and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 417-443). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
10. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment. Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
2. Bringhurst, R.S., & Voth, V. (1979). California strawberry cultivars – Past, present and prospects. Fruit varieties journal, 33(2), 45-48.
3. Aitzhanova, S.D., Andronov, V.I. & Andronova, N.V. (2006). Breeding potential of strawberry productivity and yield in Brynsk region. In Condition and Prospects of berry Growing Development in Russia: Proc. Sci. Conf (pp 15-19). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Avdeeva, Z.A. (2009). Strawberry adaptability to unfavorable factors of the environment in conditions of Orenburg steppe zone. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 22(1), 177-182. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Avdeeva, Z.A. (2014). Strawberry cultivars promising for Orenburg conditions. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 11-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Avdeyeva, Z.A., Ivanova, E.A. & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). The results of variety trials and use of genetic resources of strawberry on the territory of the Orenburg region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 45, 11-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Kichina, V.V. (1984). Berry crop genetics and breeding. Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
8. Avdeyeva, Z.A. (2014). Productivity of garden strawberry varieties under the conditions of Orenburzhye. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 3, 11-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Shokaeva, D.B. & Zubov, A.A. (1999). Strawberry, hautbois strawberry and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 417-443). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
10. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment. Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
Abstract
Zubkova, M.I., Khrykina, T.A. & Panfilova, Î.V. (2018). The features of the ability to form runners in the mother nursery of promising strawberry varieties. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 50-54. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10108. (In Russian, English abstract).
Strawberry is a popular and profitable crop. The technology of growing strawberry planting material is rather important. The goal of the research was to study the features of formation strawberry runners in the mother nursery of promising strawberry cultivars when grown with a closed root system in a greenhouse in Orel region. 20 strawberry cultivars of foreign and domestic breeding were studied. "Urozhainaya TzGL" was taken as a control cultivar. The planting design was 0.5×0.8 m. Mother plants were grown in conditions of the film greenhouse. Agrotex was used as a mulch matter. The ability to form strawberry runners was studied on the plants planted in 2015–2016. We revealed strawberry cultivars with different tendency to form runners: Clery, Dukat, Studencheskaya, Festivalnaya Romashka, Jonsok and Korona with low tendency to 27 pieces per plant; Marmolada, Florence, Darselekt, Gala civ, NF 311 and Bereginia with average tendency to 50 pieces per plant and Solovushka, Rosinka, Tzaritza and Asia with high tendency to form runners over 60 pieces per plant. By the results of the first term of strawberry runner separation, a reliably high amount of rosettes was in Solovushka, a strawberry cultivar from the Kokino breeding program.
Strawberry is a popular and profitable crop. The technology of growing strawberry planting material is rather important. The goal of the research was to study the features of formation strawberry runners in the mother nursery of promising strawberry cultivars when grown with a closed root system in a greenhouse in Orel region. 20 strawberry cultivars of foreign and domestic breeding were studied. "Urozhainaya TzGL" was taken as a control cultivar. The planting design was 0.5×0.8 m. Mother plants were grown in conditions of the film greenhouse. Agrotex was used as a mulch matter. The ability to form strawberry runners was studied on the plants planted in 2015–2016. We revealed strawberry cultivars with different tendency to form runners: Clery, Dukat, Studencheskaya, Festivalnaya Romashka, Jonsok and Korona with low tendency to 27 pieces per plant; Marmolada, Florence, Darselekt, Gala civ, NF 311 and Bereginia with average tendency to 50 pieces per plant and Solovushka, Rosinka, Tzaritza and Asia with high tendency to form runners over 60 pieces per plant. By the results of the first term of strawberry runner separation, a reliably high amount of rosettes was in Solovushka, a strawberry cultivar from the Kokino breeding program.
References
1. Dzhura, N.Yu., Pavlova, A.Yu. & Tut, E.A. (2017). Some features of reception of sprouts of strawberry «frigo» in the conditions of the protected ground. In Achievements of agrarian science to horticulture and potato growing: Proc.Sci. Conf. (pp. 99-107). Chkelyabinsk: South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Kozlova, I.I. (2012). Mechanisation problems of resources conservation technological processes while developing the system of the wild strawberry integrated production. Vestnik of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 3, 77-80. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Kornatskiy, S.A. (2017). Innovations in growing strawberry seedlings in protected soil. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 4(1-2), 63-66. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Podorozhny, V.N., Yakovenko, V.V. & Eremin, V.G. (2009). Production of certified planting material of strawberries of cold storage. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 20, 200-205. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kozlova, I.I., Budagovskaya, O.N. & Kulakov, I.N. (2016). The application of covering and mulching materials in mother and commodity plantings of strawberries (recommendations). Michurinsk; Voronezh: Kvarta. (In Russian).
6. Utkov, Yu.A., Bychkov, V.V., Kosyakin, A.S., Volkov, F.A., Undritsova, I.A., Tolstoguzova, V.G., Tsarkova, T.F., Yaroslavtseva, E.I., Konovalov, S.N., Debelova, D.D. & Kraeva, I.L. (2005). In I.M. Kulikov & F.Ya. Polikarpova (Eds.), Production, processing and adjustment of the berries in the Consumer Nonblack Soil Zone in the Russia (pp. 5-42). Moscow: VSTISP. (In Russian)
7. Shokaeva, D.B. & Zubov, A.A. (1999). Strawberry, hautbois strawberry and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 417-443). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
2. Kozlova, I.I. (2012). Mechanisation problems of resources conservation technological processes while developing the system of the wild strawberry integrated production. Vestnik of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 3, 77-80. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Kornatskiy, S.A. (2017). Innovations in growing strawberry seedlings in protected soil. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 4(1-2), 63-66. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Podorozhny, V.N., Yakovenko, V.V. & Eremin, V.G. (2009). Production of certified planting material of strawberries of cold storage. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 20, 200-205. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kozlova, I.I., Budagovskaya, O.N. & Kulakov, I.N. (2016). The application of covering and mulching materials in mother and commodity plantings of strawberries (recommendations). Michurinsk; Voronezh: Kvarta. (In Russian).
6. Utkov, Yu.A., Bychkov, V.V., Kosyakin, A.S., Volkov, F.A., Undritsova, I.A., Tolstoguzova, V.G., Tsarkova, T.F., Yaroslavtseva, E.I., Konovalov, S.N., Debelova, D.D. & Kraeva, I.L. (2005). In I.M. Kulikov & F.Ya. Polikarpova (Eds.), Production, processing and adjustment of the berries in the Consumer Nonblack Soil Zone in the Russia (pp. 5-42). Moscow: VSTISP. (In Russian)
7. Shokaeva, D.B. & Zubov, A.A. (1999). Strawberry, hautbois strawberry and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 417-443). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
NURSERY AND AN AGROTECHNICS OF FRUIT CROPS
Abstract
Nigmatyanova, S.E. & Mursalimova, G.R. (2018). The influence of grafting time of Rosaceae L. species on the rooting of softwood cuttings. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 55-61. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10109. (In Russian, English abstract).
In modern conditions, it is impossible to imagine landscaping and creation of decorative compositions without green plants. In this regard, there is an increasing need in the decorative forms of plants. In up-to-date conditions of market economy when the price of planting material of ornamental crops is growing, it is necessary to find methods of obtaining planting material with minimum cost and maximum percentage of receiving high-quality products. One of the cost-effective ways of growing seedlings of ornamental crops is propagation by softwood-cuttings. The studied species of the Rosaceae family can be rooted with green cuttings, but the biological ability of each of them to this method of vegetative reproduction is different. The dependence of the output of qualitative rooted cuttings on the time of the propagation by softwood-cuttings has been revealed. During the beginning of fruit formation of Cotoneaster lucidus the highest percentage of output of standard rooted cuttings was observed. The highest yield of standard rooted cuttings of Louiseania ulmifolia L. and Crataegus aestivalis. was observed during the end of flowering. During the mass flowering period there was a high percentage of output of standard rooted cuttings of Aronia melanocarpa and Rosa rugosa. The maximum yield of standard rooted cuttings of Physocarpus opulifolius "Luteus", Physocarpus opulifolius "Diabolo" was observed in the period of budding. According to the degree of rooting 3 groups of species were allocated: easily rooting species in conditions of the southern Urals in Orenburg – Rosa rugosa, Physocarpus opulifolius "Luteus", with an average degree of rooting Aronia melanocarpa, Cotoneaster lucidus, Physocarpus opulifolius "Diabolo" and hard–rooted Louiseania ulmifolia L, Crataegus aestivalis.
In modern conditions, it is impossible to imagine landscaping and creation of decorative compositions without green plants. In this regard, there is an increasing need in the decorative forms of plants. In up-to-date conditions of market economy when the price of planting material of ornamental crops is growing, it is necessary to find methods of obtaining planting material with minimum cost and maximum percentage of receiving high-quality products. One of the cost-effective ways of growing seedlings of ornamental crops is propagation by softwood-cuttings. The studied species of the Rosaceae family can be rooted with green cuttings, but the biological ability of each of them to this method of vegetative reproduction is different. The dependence of the output of qualitative rooted cuttings on the time of the propagation by softwood-cuttings has been revealed. During the beginning of fruit formation of Cotoneaster lucidus the highest percentage of output of standard rooted cuttings was observed. The highest yield of standard rooted cuttings of Louiseania ulmifolia L. and Crataegus aestivalis. was observed during the end of flowering. During the mass flowering period there was a high percentage of output of standard rooted cuttings of Aronia melanocarpa and Rosa rugosa. The maximum yield of standard rooted cuttings of Physocarpus opulifolius "Luteus", Physocarpus opulifolius "Diabolo" was observed in the period of budding. According to the degree of rooting 3 groups of species were allocated: easily rooting species in conditions of the southern Urals in Orenburg – Rosa rugosa, Physocarpus opulifolius "Luteus", with an average degree of rooting Aronia melanocarpa, Cotoneaster lucidus, Physocarpus opulifolius "Diabolo" and hard–rooted Louiseania ulmifolia L, Crataegus aestivalis.
References
1. Nigmatyanova, S.E. & Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). The effect of Zircon and Ribav-Extra preparations on the processes of rhizogenesis of green cuttings of ornamental cultures. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 49, 253-256. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Nigmatyanova, S.E., Mursalimova, G.R., Kokarev, N.F. & Merezhko, O.E. (2017). Effect of growth stimulators on plants of the family grassulaceae. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 50, 229-232. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Polikarpova, F.Ya. (1965). Propagation by softwood cuttings in conditions of automatically regulated artificial fog-formation (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Leningrad Agricultural Institute, Leningrad, Russia. (In Russian).
4. Merganov, A.T. (1981). The impact of mother plant age on the rooting of soft cuttings. In A.A. Rybakov et al. (Eds.) Methods of propagation and improvement of fruit and vegetable cultivation in Uzbekistan (pp. 36-39). Tashkent: Tashkent Agricultural Institute
5. Khailova, O.V. & Denisov, N.I. (2012). Effect of terms of grafting on the rooting of green cuttings of woody plants. Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin. Natural sciences, 19(9), 49-54. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Aladina, O.N. (2012). New elements in the technology of garden plant propagation by softwood cuttings. Retrieved from https://www.ruspitomniki.ru/article/tehnologii-pitomnikovodstva.html/id/262
7. Nigmatyanova, S.E. & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Optimization of timing of cuttings of woody ornamental crops are promising for planting in the southern Urals. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 280-284. (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Ermakov, B.S. (1981). Propagation of wood and shrub plants by softwood cuttings. Kishinev, Shtiniza. (In Russian).
2. Nigmatyanova, S.E., Mursalimova, G.R., Kokarev, N.F. & Merezhko, O.E. (2017). Effect of growth stimulators on plants of the family grassulaceae. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 50, 229-232. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Polikarpova, F.Ya. (1965). Propagation by softwood cuttings in conditions of automatically regulated artificial fog-formation (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Leningrad Agricultural Institute, Leningrad, Russia. (In Russian).
4. Merganov, A.T. (1981). The impact of mother plant age on the rooting of soft cuttings. In A.A. Rybakov et al. (Eds.) Methods of propagation and improvement of fruit and vegetable cultivation in Uzbekistan (pp. 36-39). Tashkent: Tashkent Agricultural Institute
5. Khailova, O.V. & Denisov, N.I. (2012). Effect of terms of grafting on the rooting of green cuttings of woody plants. Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin. Natural sciences, 19(9), 49-54. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Aladina, O.N. (2012). New elements in the technology of garden plant propagation by softwood cuttings. Retrieved from https://www.ruspitomniki.ru/article/tehnologii-pitomnikovodstva.html/id/262
7. Nigmatyanova, S.E. & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Optimization of timing of cuttings of woody ornamental crops are promising for planting in the southern Urals. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 280-284. (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Ermakov, B.S. (1981). Propagation of wood and shrub plants by softwood cuttings. Kishinev, Shtiniza. (In Russian).
Branching degree of apple seedlings of vigorous cultivars under the impact of agrotechnical handling
Abstract
Koroliov, E.Yu., Krasova, N.G. & Galasheva, A.M. (2018). Branching degree of apple seedlings of vigorous cultivars under the impact of agrotechnical handling. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 62-69. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10110. (In Russian, English abstract).
The results of the long-term studies on the improvement of some technique elements of growing crowned apple seedlings in one-year-old age are presented. Foliar treatments and mechanical methods as well as their interaction with the aim of lateral branching stimulation were studied in the VNIISPK nursery in Orel region conditions. As a result of the research it was determined that not all agrotechnical techniques studied facilitated the branching of the seedlings. The studied vigorous apple cultivars did not show the tendency to the natural branching at the age of one year. Sustainable cutting to lower the height of annual seedlings of these cultivars was achieved in the variants with the use of mechanical methods of stimulation of branching. In the variant with pinching of the apex and removal of the upper 3–4 leaves, there was a significant increase in the number of branches from 1.5 to 3.5 pieces. In this variant the additional foliar treatment of Epin solution for "Bogatyr" induced the increase lateral branch number in the crown up to 4.3 pieces. "Rozhdestveskoye" reacted least to the used agrotechnical methods. The number of branches in the crown of that cultivar was within 1.0 to 1.6 pieces and the formation of 2 lateral shoots was observed only in the variant with pinching of the apex and removal of the upper 3–4 leaves combining with the foliar treatment with Rastvorin. For growing branched apple seedlings at the age of one year it is advisable to use pinching of the apex and removal of the upper 3–4 leaves when the plants reach the height 70–80 cm. For additional formation of lateral branches in "Bogatyr" and "Rozhdestveskoye" it is necessary to use this method in combination with foliar treatments with Epin and Rastvorin solutions in the same period.
The results of the long-term studies on the improvement of some technique elements of growing crowned apple seedlings in one-year-old age are presented. Foliar treatments and mechanical methods as well as their interaction with the aim of lateral branching stimulation were studied in the VNIISPK nursery in Orel region conditions. As a result of the research it was determined that not all agrotechnical techniques studied facilitated the branching of the seedlings. The studied vigorous apple cultivars did not show the tendency to the natural branching at the age of one year. Sustainable cutting to lower the height of annual seedlings of these cultivars was achieved in the variants with the use of mechanical methods of stimulation of branching. In the variant with pinching of the apex and removal of the upper 3–4 leaves, there was a significant increase in the number of branches from 1.5 to 3.5 pieces. In this variant the additional foliar treatment of Epin solution for "Bogatyr" induced the increase lateral branch number in the crown up to 4.3 pieces. "Rozhdestveskoye" reacted least to the used agrotechnical methods. The number of branches in the crown of that cultivar was within 1.0 to 1.6 pieces and the formation of 2 lateral shoots was observed only in the variant with pinching of the apex and removal of the upper 3–4 leaves combining with the foliar treatment with Rastvorin. For growing branched apple seedlings at the age of one year it is advisable to use pinching of the apex and removal of the upper 3–4 leaves when the plants reach the height 70–80 cm. For additional formation of lateral branches in "Bogatyr" and "Rozhdestveskoye" it is necessary to use this method in combination with foliar treatments with Epin and Rastvorin solutions in the same period.
References
1. Alferov, V.A. & Govorushchenko, N.V. (2005). Differential approach to obtaining shaped apple seedlings on a dwarf rootstock relative to the biological variety features. In Novations and efficiency of production processes in fruit-growing (pp. 180-189). Krasnodar. (In Russian).
2. Alferov, V.A. (2012). Technological trends and tendencies of intensification of horticulture. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 13, 69-69. Retrieved from: journalkubansad.ru/pdf/12/01/07.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Bezukh, E.P. (2013). Production of branched yearling apple trees under conditions of Leningrad region. Technologies and technical means of mechanized production of products of plant-growing and animal husbandry, 84, 125-132. (In Russian).
4. Bublik, N.A. & Barabash, E.I. (1999). The technology of apple seedling growing for early fruiting orchards of the Ukraine. In Horticulture and Viniculture of the 21 century: Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. (Vol. 2 Horticulture, pp. 89-91). Krasnodar. (In Russian).
5. Buntsevich, L.L., Kiyan, A.T. & Kostyuk, M.A. (2014). Shaping of apple seedlings grown in the annual cycle in the south of Russia. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 38(1), 47-50. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Grigoreva, L.V. & Mukhanin, I.V. (2001). The quality of layers in the intensive mother nursery of clone rootstocks when using organic substrate in the first year of operation. In Forms and methods of increase of economical efficiency of regional horticulture and viniculture (Vol. 1 Horticulture, pp. 143-147). Krasnodar. (In Russian).
7. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
8. Korolev, E.Yu. (2016). Influence of agricultural practices on the quality of apple trees. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 154-157. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Korolev, E.Yu., Krasova, N.G. & Galasheva, A.M., The influence of some agrotechnological methods on quality indications of one-year-old apple seedlings. Bulletin of agrarian science, 6, 16-22. (In Russian, English abstract). doi: 10.15217/48484
10. Krasova, N.G. & Knyazev, S.D. (1999). Variety study in the nursery. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 219-225). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
11. Krasova, N.G., Leonicheva, E.V., Koroliov, E.Yu. (2015). Approaching to the use of technological methods for obtaining branched apple seedlings. Horticulture and viticulture, 2, 35-41. (In Russian, English abstract).
12. Kudasov, Yu.L. & Karychev, K.G. (1976). From a cutting to an apple tree. Alma-Ata: Kaynar. (In Russian).
13. Mukhanin, I.V., Grigoryeva, L.V., Ershova, O.A. & Kozhina, A.I.(2011). Basic requirements for laying planting hedgerow-dwarf gardens. Vestnik of the Kazan State Agrarian University, 6(3), 150-153. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Peshtyanu, A.F. & Gudumak, E. (2007). Apple seedling production by “knip baum” grafting type in Moldova. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 18, 269-274. (In Russian).
15. Samus, V.A. & Gadzhiev, S.G. (2000). Apple seedlings for intensive orchards. Fruit-growing, 13, 53–57. (In Russian).
16. Senin, V.I. & Senin, V.V. (2002). Fast growing of shaped apple seedlings on dwarf rootstocks. Horticulture and viticulture, 1, 13-18. (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Skripnikov, V.Yu. (2002). Problems and prospects of nursery development in the Central Zone of Russian Federation. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 9, 56-64. (In Russian, English abstract).
18. Stepanov, S.N. (1981). Fruit nursery. Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
19. Kharitonov, I.V., Sdvizhkov, N.P. & Solovyev, A.V. (2011). Perfection of formation of saplings of an apple-tree on clonal stocks for gardens of intensive type. Bulletun of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 1(1), 76-79. (In Russian, English abstract).
20. Elfving, D.C., & Visser, D.B. (2005). Cyclanilide induces lateral branching in apple trees. HortScience, 40(1), 119-122.
21. Kaplan, M. The effect of preparations Arbolin 036 SL and Promalin 3.6 SL on growth maiden apple trees of "Sampion" and "Jonica" cultivars. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Horticulture and Floriculture, 14, 37-44. (In Polish, English abstract).
2. Alferov, V.A. (2012). Technological trends and tendencies of intensification of horticulture. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 13, 69-69. Retrieved from: journalkubansad.ru/pdf/12/01/07.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Bezukh, E.P. (2013). Production of branched yearling apple trees under conditions of Leningrad region. Technologies and technical means of mechanized production of products of plant-growing and animal husbandry, 84, 125-132. (In Russian).
4. Bublik, N.A. & Barabash, E.I. (1999). The technology of apple seedling growing for early fruiting orchards of the Ukraine. In Horticulture and Viniculture of the 21 century: Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. (Vol. 2 Horticulture, pp. 89-91). Krasnodar. (In Russian).
5. Buntsevich, L.L., Kiyan, A.T. & Kostyuk, M.A. (2014). Shaping of apple seedlings grown in the annual cycle in the south of Russia. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 38(1), 47-50. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Grigoreva, L.V. & Mukhanin, I.V. (2001). The quality of layers in the intensive mother nursery of clone rootstocks when using organic substrate in the first year of operation. In Forms and methods of increase of economical efficiency of regional horticulture and viniculture (Vol. 1 Horticulture, pp. 143-147). Krasnodar. (In Russian).
7. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
8. Korolev, E.Yu. (2016). Influence of agricultural practices on the quality of apple trees. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 154-157. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Korolev, E.Yu., Krasova, N.G. & Galasheva, A.M., The influence of some agrotechnological methods on quality indications of one-year-old apple seedlings. Bulletin of agrarian science, 6, 16-22. (In Russian, English abstract). doi: 10.15217/48484
10. Krasova, N.G. & Knyazev, S.D. (1999). Variety study in the nursery. In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 219-225). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
11. Krasova, N.G., Leonicheva, E.V., Koroliov, E.Yu. (2015). Approaching to the use of technological methods for obtaining branched apple seedlings. Horticulture and viticulture, 2, 35-41. (In Russian, English abstract).
12. Kudasov, Yu.L. & Karychev, K.G. (1976). From a cutting to an apple tree. Alma-Ata: Kaynar. (In Russian).
13. Mukhanin, I.V., Grigoryeva, L.V., Ershova, O.A. & Kozhina, A.I.(2011). Basic requirements for laying planting hedgerow-dwarf gardens. Vestnik of the Kazan State Agrarian University, 6(3), 150-153. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Peshtyanu, A.F. & Gudumak, E. (2007). Apple seedling production by “knip baum” grafting type in Moldova. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 18, 269-274. (In Russian).
15. Samus, V.A. & Gadzhiev, S.G. (2000). Apple seedlings for intensive orchards. Fruit-growing, 13, 53–57. (In Russian).
16. Senin, V.I. & Senin, V.V. (2002). Fast growing of shaped apple seedlings on dwarf rootstocks. Horticulture and viticulture, 1, 13-18. (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Skripnikov, V.Yu. (2002). Problems and prospects of nursery development in the Central Zone of Russian Federation. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 9, 56-64. (In Russian, English abstract).
18. Stepanov, S.N. (1981). Fruit nursery. Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
19. Kharitonov, I.V., Sdvizhkov, N.P. & Solovyev, A.V. (2011). Perfection of formation of saplings of an apple-tree on clonal stocks for gardens of intensive type. Bulletun of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 1(1), 76-79. (In Russian, English abstract).
20. Elfving, D.C., & Visser, D.B. (2005). Cyclanilide induces lateral branching in apple trees. HortScience, 40(1), 119-122.
21. Kaplan, M. The effect of preparations Arbolin 036 SL and Promalin 3.6 SL on growth maiden apple trees of "Sampion" and "Jonica" cultivars. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Horticulture and Floriculture, 14, 37-44. (In Polish, English abstract).
Abstract
Mursalimova, G.R., & Shapoval, O.A. (2018). The promising effect of agrochemical on the growth processes of apple trees. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 70-78. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10111. (In Russian, English abstract).
A fruit tree is a single organism, the individual organs of which are interconnected and are in a certain interdependence. Indicators characterizing the growth processes of fruit plants are shoot growth and formation of the leaf surface. Fertilizers and plant growth regulators affect the growth of shoots, as well as the laying of fruit formations in the buds of the wintering peephole, the foliage of trees, and they also have a protective effect on biotic and abiotic stressors, which leads to an increase in the yield of fruit crops. All these indicators are interconnected and allow to predict the productivity of plantings at certain stages of the development. The objective of the research was to determine the biological efficiency of Nutri-Fayt agrochemicals on apple trees. The studies were conducted in FSBSI «Orenburg ESHV ARBTIHN». The procedure included the field one-factorial experiment with various variants of applying mineral fertilizer Nutri-Fayt. The positive influence of non-rooted feed of plants by fertilizer Nutri-Fayt was established. The stimulating effect of the fertilizer in a greater degree was displayed on the Kulikovskoye apple variety in a variant with Nutri-Fayt (2 l/ha). When applying the fertilizer, a maximum amount of annual shoots was observed. Nutri-Fajt provided the formation of the greater area of a leaf surface and stirred up the photosynthesizing activity during the vegetation of apple trees.
A fruit tree is a single organism, the individual organs of which are interconnected and are in a certain interdependence. Indicators characterizing the growth processes of fruit plants are shoot growth and formation of the leaf surface. Fertilizers and plant growth regulators affect the growth of shoots, as well as the laying of fruit formations in the buds of the wintering peephole, the foliage of trees, and they also have a protective effect on biotic and abiotic stressors, which leads to an increase in the yield of fruit crops. All these indicators are interconnected and allow to predict the productivity of plantings at certain stages of the development. The objective of the research was to determine the biological efficiency of Nutri-Fayt agrochemicals on apple trees. The studies were conducted in FSBSI «Orenburg ESHV ARBTIHN». The procedure included the field one-factorial experiment with various variants of applying mineral fertilizer Nutri-Fayt. The positive influence of non-rooted feed of plants by fertilizer Nutri-Fayt was established. The stimulating effect of the fertilizer in a greater degree was displayed on the Kulikovskoye apple variety in a variant with Nutri-Fayt (2 l/ha). When applying the fertilizer, a maximum amount of annual shoots was observed. Nutri-Fajt provided the formation of the greater area of a leaf surface and stirred up the photosynthesizing activity during the vegetation of apple trees.
References
1. Popova, V.P. (2011). High-precision technology of apple fruit production in the South of Russia. Horticulture and viticulture, 4, 43-48. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Influence of growth regulators of new generation for the development of the cultivated plant. Bulletin of the Orenburg Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, 11. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Mursalimova, G.R. & Tihonova, M.A. (2017). Technological peculiarities of obtaining clonal stocks in the conditions of Cisural. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 50, 210-213. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Trunov, YU.V. & Solovyev, A.V. (2012). Status and development prospects of russian horticulture technological features of modern horticulture. Bulletun of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 3, 42-48. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Verzilov, V.F. (1971). Growth regulators and their use in plant growing (pp. 12-23). Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)
6. Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Innovational technology elements of plant growing product production in the conditions of the Urals (on the example of clone rootstocks). In Innovational trends and developments for efficient agricultural production: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 215-220). Orenburg: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding. (In Russian).
7. Nikolskiy, M.A., Pankin, M.I., Kurmankulov, N.B. & Bortnikova, K.A. (2010). Results of the international scientific cooperation on search and testing of new plant growth stimulants. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 5, 88-94. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/10/04/15.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Mursalimova, G.R., Merezhko, O.YE., Nigmatyanova, S.E., Tihonova, M.A. & Ivanova, S.A. (2016). Ecological and physiological aspects of the influence of growth regulators on the development of apple seedlings. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 42, 78-87. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/08.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Mursalimova, G.R. & Hardikova, S.V. (2016). Ecological and physiological aspects of influence of humate on the growth and development of apple trees. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 268-272. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Mursalimova, G.R. (2010). Recommendations for apple cultivation on dwarf clone rootstocks in conditions of the Southern Urals. Orenburg. (in Russian).
11. Carpenter, W.J., Rodriguez, R.C., & Carlson, W.H. (1971). Growth regulator induced branching of non-pinched poinsettias. HortScience, 6, 45-48
12. Wallschlager, D., Desai, M.V., & Wilken, R.D. (1996). The role of humic substances in the aqueous mobilization of mercury from contaminated floodplain soils. Water, air, and soil pollution, 90(3-4), 507-520. DOI: 10.1007/BF00282665
13. Prusakova, L.D., Malevannaya, N.N., Belopuhova, S.L., & Vakulenko, V.V. (2005). Plant growth regulators with antistress and immunoprotecting properties. Agrochemistry, 11, 76-86. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Giner, G.J., & Arciniega, F.L. (2003). Lafertiliezacion potasicaen lavina. Agr. Vergel, 22(257), 268-272.
15. Sheudzhen, A.H., Gromova, L.I., Zagorulko, A.V., Onishchenko, L.M., Lebedovskiy, I.A., & Osipov, M.A. (2009). Diagnostics of plant mineral nutrition. Krasnodar: Kuban State agrarian university. (In Russian).
16. Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Effect of new generation preparations on morphometric parameters of plants development. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 5, 141-143. (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Dospekhov, B.A. (2011). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Alyans. (In Russian).
18. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
19. Tretyakov, N.N., Karnauhova, T.V., & Panichkin, L.A. (1990). Practical work on plant physiology Moscow : Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
20. Nigmatyanova, S.E., Mursalimova, G.R., Tihonova, M.A., Merezhko, O.Ye., & Yugova, O.S. (2017). Physiological aspects of stimulants influence the development of ornamental crops. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 43, 97-106. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/17/01/10.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
21. Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). The impact of regulators on the productivity of clonal apple rootstocks. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 77-83. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00036. (In Russian, English abstract).
22. Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). Physiological aspects of the effectiveness of biological growth regulators on apple trees growth and development. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2, 213-215. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Influence of growth regulators of new generation for the development of the cultivated plant. Bulletin of the Orenburg Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, 11. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Mursalimova, G.R. & Tihonova, M.A. (2017). Technological peculiarities of obtaining clonal stocks in the conditions of Cisural. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 50, 210-213. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Trunov, YU.V. & Solovyev, A.V. (2012). Status and development prospects of russian horticulture technological features of modern horticulture. Bulletun of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 3, 42-48. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Verzilov, V.F. (1971). Growth regulators and their use in plant growing (pp. 12-23). Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)
6. Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Innovational technology elements of plant growing product production in the conditions of the Urals (on the example of clone rootstocks). In Innovational trends and developments for efficient agricultural production: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 215-220). Orenburg: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding. (In Russian).
7. Nikolskiy, M.A., Pankin, M.I., Kurmankulov, N.B. & Bortnikova, K.A. (2010). Results of the international scientific cooperation on search and testing of new plant growth stimulants. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 5, 88-94. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/10/04/15.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Mursalimova, G.R., Merezhko, O.YE., Nigmatyanova, S.E., Tihonova, M.A. & Ivanova, S.A. (2016). Ecological and physiological aspects of the influence of growth regulators on the development of apple seedlings. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 42, 78-87. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/08.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Mursalimova, G.R. & Hardikova, S.V. (2016). Ecological and physiological aspects of influence of humate on the growth and development of apple trees. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 268-272. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Mursalimova, G.R. (2010). Recommendations for apple cultivation on dwarf clone rootstocks in conditions of the Southern Urals. Orenburg. (in Russian).
11. Carpenter, W.J., Rodriguez, R.C., & Carlson, W.H. (1971). Growth regulator induced branching of non-pinched poinsettias. HortScience, 6, 45-48
12. Wallschlager, D., Desai, M.V., & Wilken, R.D. (1996). The role of humic substances in the aqueous mobilization of mercury from contaminated floodplain soils. Water, air, and soil pollution, 90(3-4), 507-520. DOI: 10.1007/BF00282665
13. Prusakova, L.D., Malevannaya, N.N., Belopuhova, S.L., & Vakulenko, V.V. (2005). Plant growth regulators with antistress and immunoprotecting properties. Agrochemistry, 11, 76-86. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Giner, G.J., & Arciniega, F.L. (2003). Lafertiliezacion potasicaen lavina. Agr. Vergel, 22(257), 268-272.
15. Sheudzhen, A.H., Gromova, L.I., Zagorulko, A.V., Onishchenko, L.M., Lebedovskiy, I.A., & Osipov, M.A. (2009). Diagnostics of plant mineral nutrition. Krasnodar: Kuban State agrarian university. (In Russian).
16. Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). Effect of new generation preparations on morphometric parameters of plants development. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 5, 141-143. (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Dospekhov, B.A. (2011). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Alyans. (In Russian).
18. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
19. Tretyakov, N.N., Karnauhova, T.V., & Panichkin, L.A. (1990). Practical work on plant physiology Moscow : Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
20. Nigmatyanova, S.E., Mursalimova, G.R., Tihonova, M.A., Merezhko, O.Ye., & Yugova, O.S. (2017). Physiological aspects of stimulants influence the development of ornamental crops. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 43, 97-106. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/17/01/10.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
21. Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). The impact of regulators on the productivity of clonal apple rootstocks. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 77-83. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00036. (In Russian, English abstract).
22. Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). Physiological aspects of the effectiveness of biological growth regulators on apple trees growth and development. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2, 213-215. (In Russian, English abstract).
Abstract
Tikhonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2018). The influence of humates and bio-regulators on the growth processes of grapes. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 79-85. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2018-10112. (In Russian, English abstract).
In areas with sharp fluctuations in meteorological conditions such as the Orenburg region it is particularly advisable to use drugs. One way to reduce the negative impact on grape plants is to use plant growth bioregulators and humic preparations. The bio-regulators and humic fertilizers are characterized by a wide range of biological effects: they stimulate the vital functions of plants, increase productivity and improve the product quality, enhance the protective properties of plants, improve resistance to adverse growing conditions. Every year, the number of new stimulating substances increases, in connection with this, the scientific work is carried out at the Orenburg experimental station, the purpose of which is the selection of stimulating substances that affect the growth and ripening of grape shoots. The maximum growth rate of grape shoots was observed when grapes were treated with Mival-agro; the shoot growth in the studied varieties was from 187.4cm to 188.3 cm. The maximum growth rate of grape shoots was observed when grapes were treated with Lignogumat K; the shoot growth in the studied varieties was from 83 to 85%.
In areas with sharp fluctuations in meteorological conditions such as the Orenburg region it is particularly advisable to use drugs. One way to reduce the negative impact on grape plants is to use plant growth bioregulators and humic preparations. The bio-regulators and humic fertilizers are characterized by a wide range of biological effects: they stimulate the vital functions of plants, increase productivity and improve the product quality, enhance the protective properties of plants, improve resistance to adverse growing conditions. Every year, the number of new stimulating substances increases, in connection with this, the scientific work is carried out at the Orenburg experimental station, the purpose of which is the selection of stimulating substances that affect the growth and ripening of grape shoots. The maximum growth rate of grape shoots was observed when grapes were treated with Mival-agro; the shoot growth in the studied varieties was from 187.4cm to 188.3 cm. The maximum growth rate of grape shoots was observed when grapes were treated with Lignogumat K; the shoot growth in the studied varieties was from 83 to 85%.
References
1. Tikhonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). The impact of preparations of new generation on the development and productivity of grapes in conditions of the Urals. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 69-74. Retrieved from: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2016/4/49.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Tihonova, M.A., Mursalimova, G.R., & Ivanova, Ye.A. (2017). Impact of immunostimulators on grapes plants. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 49, 329-332. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Wallschlager, D., Desai, M.V., & Wilken, R.D. (1996). The role of humic substances in the aqueous mobilization of mercury from contaminated floodplain soils. Water, air, and soil pollution, 90(3-4), 507-520. DOI: 10.1007/BF00282665
4. Tihonova, M.A. (2013). Phenological features of grape winter hardiness in the Southern Urals. In State and prospects of horticulture and viniculture in the Urals and Volga region and adjacent territory: Proc. Coll. Sci. Papers devoted to the 50-year anniversary of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viniculture (pp. 260-266). Orenburg. (In Russian).
5. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). Influence of the stimulating substances on grapes varieties in the conditions of Cisural. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 51, 193-196. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). The impact of growth regulators on the grape growth and development in the Urals. In Innovational trends and developments for efficient agricultural production: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 275-279). Orenburg: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding. (In Russian).
7. Mursalimova, G.R., & Hardikova, S.V. (2016). Ecological and physiological aspects of influence of humate on the growth and development of apple trees. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 268-272. (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2015). Competitiveness of domestic grape varieties and the development of viticulture in the Orenburg region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 42, 287-291. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Tihonova, M.A., Mursalimova, G.R., Nigmatyanova, S.E., Merezhko, O.Ye., & Skripacheva, Ye.A. (2016). Breeding and new grapes varieties of pre Ural area. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 42, 1-12. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/01.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Lazarevskiy, M.A. (1983). Study of grape varieties. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostov State University (In Russian).
11. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
12. Tihonova, M.A., Mursalimova, G.R., & Hardikova, S.V. (2014). Optimization of water regime of grape plants in the conditions of near Ural steppe. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 233-239. (In Russian, English abstract).
13. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2015).Perspective of development and production of grapes planting material in Orenburg region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 42, 292-296. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2014). Effect of preplant of green grape cuttings on the rooting stimulator of growth and development of aboveground parts. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 39, 208-212. (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Alleweldt, G. & Dettweiler-Munch, E. (1994). The Genetic Resources of Vitis. World List of Grapevine Collections. Institut fur Rebenzuchtung Geilweilerhof. 2 nd edition
16. Winkler, A.J. (1962). General Viticulture. Berkely and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
2. Tihonova, M.A., Mursalimova, G.R., & Ivanova, Ye.A. (2017). Impact of immunostimulators on grapes plants. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 49, 329-332. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Wallschlager, D., Desai, M.V., & Wilken, R.D. (1996). The role of humic substances in the aqueous mobilization of mercury from contaminated floodplain soils. Water, air, and soil pollution, 90(3-4), 507-520. DOI: 10.1007/BF00282665
4. Tihonova, M.A. (2013). Phenological features of grape winter hardiness in the Southern Urals. In State and prospects of horticulture and viniculture in the Urals and Volga region and adjacent territory: Proc. Coll. Sci. Papers devoted to the 50-year anniversary of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viniculture (pp. 260-266). Orenburg. (In Russian).
5. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2017). Influence of the stimulating substances on grapes varieties in the conditions of Cisural. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 51, 193-196. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2016). The impact of growth regulators on the grape growth and development in the Urals. In Innovational trends and developments for efficient agricultural production: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 275-279). Orenburg: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding. (In Russian).
7. Mursalimova, G.R., & Hardikova, S.V. (2016). Ecological and physiological aspects of influence of humate on the growth and development of apple trees. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 46, 268-272. (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2015). Competitiveness of domestic grape varieties and the development of viticulture in the Orenburg region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 42, 287-291. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Tihonova, M.A., Mursalimova, G.R., Nigmatyanova, S.E., Merezhko, O.Ye., & Skripacheva, Ye.A. (2016). Breeding and new grapes varieties of pre Ural area. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 42, 1-12. Retrieved from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/01.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Lazarevskiy, M.A. (1983). Study of grape varieties. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostov State University (In Russian).
11. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
12. Tihonova, M.A., Mursalimova, G.R., & Hardikova, S.V. (2014). Optimization of water regime of grape plants in the conditions of near Ural steppe. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 233-239. (In Russian, English abstract).
13. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2015).Perspective of development and production of grapes planting material in Orenburg region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 42, 292-296. (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Tihonova, M.A., & Mursalimova, G.R. (2014). Effect of preplant of green grape cuttings on the rooting stimulator of growth and development of aboveground parts. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 39, 208-212. (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Alleweldt, G. & Dettweiler-Munch, E. (1994). The Genetic Resources of Vitis. World List of Grapevine Collections. Institut fur Rebenzuchtung Geilweilerhof. 2 nd edition
16. Winkler, A.J. (1962). General Viticulture. Berkely and Los Angeles: University of California Press.