2022 №4
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Stamatidi, V.Yu., & Ryff, I.I. (2022). Features of changes in water potentials in the grape cultivars Muscat beliy and Tsitronnyi Magaracha in the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea under various hydrothermal factors. Sovremennoe Sadovodstvo – Contemporary Horticulture, 4, 1-12. https://journal-vniispk.ru/pdf/2022/4/15.pdf
Global climate warming has caused an increase in periods of drought, which in turn has led to a decrease in the moisture supply of grape plants and loss of crops. Modern breeding programs are aimed at screening cultivars that combine high yields with resistance to temperature and water stress. This paper presents the results of studies aimed at revealing the patterns of response adaptive reactions of grape cultivars to hydrothermal stresses in the summer period in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea. The data on the change in the hydrothermal coefficient during the years of research, 2019—2021, were analyzed. During the ripening period of berries, the value of the HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) in 2019 was 0.3 and in 2020 it was 0.1, which corresponded to the “dry period” gradation. The adaptive capabilities of grape cultivars and their differences caused by ambiguous resistance to abiotic stresses were revealed. The responses of plants to changes in the water regime were reflected in water potentials; water potentials of leaves were determined using the standard Scholander method. Water potentials were measured twice a day: in the predawn and afternoon hours. In drought years 2019—2020, water potentials (Ψ) of the leaves rose to a lesser extent in the Tsitronnyi Magaracha cultivar compared to the Muscat Beliy cultivar: during the ripening of berries, the pre-dawn Ψр in Tsitronnyi Magarach reached 0.63 MPa, at the same time, in Muscat Beliy, it rose to 0.69 MPa. A similar picture was observed in the increase in daytime water potentials Ψd in Tsitronnyi Magaracha – up to 1.53 MPa, in Muskat Beliy – up to 1.59 MPa. The influence of lack of moisture was manifested in a decrease in yield, which was an integral expression of all processes of plant metabolism. The dependence of the yield of grape cultivars on water potentials was determined. Varietal differences in the change in water potentials of leaves, which were a marker for determining responses to drought, were established, and a relationship between water potentials and yield was revealed. It has been established that Tsitronnyi Magaracha better adapts to drought conditions.
Global climate warming has caused an increase in periods of drought, which in turn has led to a decrease in the moisture supply of grape plants and loss of crops. Modern breeding programs are aimed at screening cultivars that combine high yields with resistance to temperature and water stress. This paper presents the results of studies aimed at revealing the patterns of response adaptive reactions of grape cultivars to hydrothermal stresses in the summer period in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea. The data on the change in the hydrothermal coefficient during the years of research, 2019—2021, were analyzed. During the ripening period of berries, the value of the HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) in 2019 was 0.3 and in 2020 it was 0.1, which corresponded to the “dry period” gradation. The adaptive capabilities of grape cultivars and their differences caused by ambiguous resistance to abiotic stresses were revealed. The responses of plants to changes in the water regime were reflected in water potentials; water potentials of leaves were determined using the standard Scholander method. Water potentials were measured twice a day: in the predawn and afternoon hours. In drought years 2019—2020, water potentials (Ψ) of the leaves rose to a lesser extent in the Tsitronnyi Magaracha cultivar compared to the Muscat Beliy cultivar: during the ripening of berries, the pre-dawn Ψр in Tsitronnyi Magarach reached 0.63 MPa, at the same time, in Muscat Beliy, it rose to 0.69 MPa. A similar picture was observed in the increase in daytime water potentials Ψd in Tsitronnyi Magaracha – up to 1.53 MPa, in Muskat Beliy – up to 1.59 MPa. The influence of lack of moisture was manifested in a decrease in yield, which was an integral expression of all processes of plant metabolism. The dependence of the yield of grape cultivars on water potentials was determined. Varietal differences in the change in water potentials of leaves, which were a marker for determining responses to drought, were established, and a relationship between water potentials and yield was revealed. It has been established that Tsitronnyi Magaracha better adapts to drought conditions.
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