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Ýë ¹ ÔÑ 77-77630 îò 31.12.2019 ã.
The investigations have been carried out at the expense of the grant of Russian Scientific Fund (Project ¹ 14-16-00127)
The All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding is one of the main suppliers of new apple varieties meeting the up-to-date production requirements. Commercial and biological characteristics of 6 new apple varieties developed at the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding and included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use for the last years are given. Two winter maturing varieties (Aleksandr Boiko and Vavilovskoye) are both triploids and immune to scab. Vavilovskoye has nice-looking fruit with high marketable and consumer qualities and they can be stored in a cold atmosphere till the second decade of March. Winter maturing triploid variety Patriot is characterized by high and regular productivity. Summer maturing triploid variety Osipovskoye has dessert fruit. Two columnar varieties Priokskoye and Poezia are characterized by early fruit-bearing, good productivity and high marketable and consumer fruit quality.
References
1. Zhdanov V.V., Sedov E.N. (1991): Apple breeding for scab resistance. Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo, Tula. (in Russian). 2. Pirogov V.A., Dulin I.V. (1997): Natural wealthy of Orel region.: scientific and regional edition. Orelizdat, Orel. (in Russian). 3. Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (1995): Sedov E.N. (ed.). VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian). 4. Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999): Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P.(ed.). VNIISPK. Orel. (in Russian). 5. Sedov E.N. (2011): Breeding and new apple varieties. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian). 6. Sedov E.N., Korneeva S.A., Serova Z.M. (2013): Columnar apples in the intensive orchard. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian). 7. Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Serova Z.M. (2008): Apple breeding on a polyploidy level. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian). 8. Sedov E.N., Zhdanov V.V. (1983): Apple resistance to scab (varieties and breeding). Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo, Tula. (in Russian). 9. Sedysheva G.A., Sedov E.N. (1994): Polyploidy in apple breeding. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).
The article represents study results of self-pollination and crosspollination of apple kinds regionalized in Buryatia. The best and acceptable pollinizers for these kinds were revealed. The kinds of apple which show certain independence from maternal and paternal form compatibility are revealed. With artificial self-pollination 4 kinds of 7 were referred to self-nonpollinated. Apple kinds like Slava Buryatii, Komsomolets Buryatii were referred to partly self-pollinated. Pervenets Buryatii apple kind self-pollination shows fruit inception percent close to control version.
References
1. Guseva N.K. (2009): Self-pollination of Buryat kinds of black current in Conception and technology of agriculture in arid zone of Altai-Sayan subregion, Abakan, 79-82. (in Russian). 2. Sedov E.N., Ogoltseva T.P. (1999): The programme and methodology of fruit, berry and nutgull plants, Orel, 608. (in Russian). 3. Usenko V.I., Puchkin I.A. (2011): Work programme of selection centre of scientific-research institute of gardening named after Lisavenko M.A. till 2030 year, edition 3, Novosibirsk, 336 (in Russian). 4. Kalinina I.P., Yaschemskaya Z.S., Makarenko S.A. (2010): Apple winter resistance, high crop capacity, scab resistance, and high fruit quality selection in south of Western Siberia, Novosibirsk, 310 p. (in Russian). 5. Kushnarev M.A. (2009): Kind study and increase productivity reserve of apple in different zones of Siberia: author’s abstract of scientific paper, Barnaul, 17 (in Russian). 6. Puchkin I.A. (2013): Crosspollination of pear kinds regionalized in Altai region, Barnaul, 276-282. (in Russian). 7. Sedov E.N. (2003): Some ways to create varieties of apple for intensive adaptive gardens. In: Problems of sustainable development of horticulture in Siberia. Barnaul, 46-49. (in Russian).
The experimental studies conducted in the Timiryazevskaya village, Kubinskiy region, have shown that Reinette Simirenko, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Fuji, Golden Delicious × 972, Jonagold and Jonared apple cultivars grafted on MM-106, M-9, and Pajam-1 rootstocks have biometric indicators relatively smaller than on the seedling rootstock of a Caucasian wild apple. Per tree yield in all cultivars on clonal rootstocks is more than on the seedling rootstock. As a result, according to all biometric indicators the productivity of trees is higher in the cultivars on clonal rootstocks than on seedlings. The best results are observed in cultivars grafted on Pajam rootstock. Those cultivars grafted on M-9 and MM-106 follow them. The highest results of tree productivity on all rootstocks are observed in Granny Smith and the lowest ones in Jonared, respectively.
References
1.Beyakhmedov I.A., Gasanov Z.M. (2014): Biometric indices and productivity of introduced apple varieties in Kuba-Hachmasskaya zone of Azerbaijan. Subtropicheskoe i dekorativnoe sadovodstvo, 51: 67-72. (in Russian).
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5.Trunov Yu.V. (2010): Mineral nutrition and fertilizing of apple. VNIIS, Michurinsk-Naukograd. (in Russian).
6.Trunov Yu.V., Kuzin A.I. (2011): Clone apple rootstocks of V.I. Budagovsky breeding in Russian and foreign horticulture. In: Col. “Approaching to 100-year anniversary of V.I. Budagovsky”. VNIIS, Michurinsk-Naukograd, 302-304. (in Russian).
Apple cultivars grown on dwarf and semi-dwarf intercalary stocks have been estimated according to production and biological indices and cultivar suitability for use in the intensive orchards. It has been determined that the application of dwarf and semi-dwarf intercalary stocks in combination with home-produced immune and high-resistant apple cultivars allows to develop early-fruiting, productive and adaptive plantations with high economical efficiency.
References
1.Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999): Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.). VNIISPK. Orel. (in Russian).
2.Leonchenko V.G., Evseeva R.P., Zhbanova E.V., Cherenkova T.A. (2007): Preliminary selection of promising genotypes of fruit plants for environmental resistance and biochemical value of fruit (methodical recommendations). VNIIGISPR, Michurinsk. (in Russian).
3.Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. (2012): Productivity of apple varieties on low-sized rootstocks. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii [Fruit- and berry-growing of Russia], 39: 259-267. (in Russian).
4.Galasheva A.M., Krasova N.G. (2010): Growth and fruit-bearing features of apple varieties on semi-dwarf intercalary stocks. In: Proc. Int. Conf. The improvement of assortment and technologies of cultivation of fruit and berry crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 46-49. (in Russian).
5.Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. (2010): Productivity of apple varieties in the intensive orchard. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo [Contemporary horticulture], 2: 26-30. (in Russian).
6.Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. (2014): Apple varieties in the intensive orchard. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Modern approaches to the creation of intensive orchards. Actual problems. N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, 54-58. (in Russian).
The investigations have been carried out at the expense of the grant of Russian Scientific Fund (Project ¹ 14-16-00127)
VNIISPK (All Russia Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding) is a pioneer in breeding of scab immune apple cultivars (Vf) in Russia. By nowadays 21 scab immune apple cultivars have been developed. Comparative characteristics of immune and non-immune apple cultivars are given on durability of fruit shelf life, fruit appearance attractiveness and taste as well as the contents of sugars titrate acids, ascorbic acid and P-active substances in fruit. A conclusion has been made that it is perspective to apply scab immune apple cultivars developed at the VNIISPK in the broad production.
References
1.Arkhipova T.N., Shishkina E.E. (1996): The assessment of Altai apple varieties on biochemical indices. In: Proc. Intern. Sci. and Met. Conf. The condition of fruit and berry assortment and breeding task. VNIISPK, Orel, 13-15. (in Russian).
2.Zhdanov V.V., Sedov E.N. (1991): Apple breeding for scab resistance. Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo, Tula. (in Russian).
3.Kichina V.V. (2011): Principles of orchard plant improvement. VSTISP, Moscow. (in Russian).
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5.Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999): Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P.(ed.). VNIISPK. Orel. (in Russian).
6.Sedov E.N., Makarkina M.A., Levgerova N.S. (2007): Biochemical and technological characteristic of apple gene pool fruit. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).
7.Sedov E.N. (2011): Breeding and new apple varieties. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).
8.Sedov E.N., Zhdanov V.V. (1983): Apple resistance to scab (varieties and breeding). Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo, Tula. (in Russian).
9.Shirko T.S., Yaroshevich I.V. (1991): Biochemistry and quality of fruit. Navuka i tekhnika, Minsk. (in Russian).
The literature data on the biochemical values of cherry fruits and the accumulation of specific therapeutic components are analyzed in this article. The intervals of variability of biochemical traits in the collections of cherries varieties from different regions are considered. A comparative analysis of the accumulation of biochemical substances in the middle of Russia (Michurinsk) with other regions was carried out. The maximum levels of biochemical substance content were revealed: soluble solids to 26,0%, sugars to 17,3%, fruit acidity to 2,58%, ascorbic acid to 34,1 mg/100g, anthocyans to 468,2 mg/100g, pectic substances to 1,12%.The perspective genotypes with improved parameters of biochemical composition of fruits for breeding and production (Granit, Brilliant, Korall, Rovesniza, Prevoshodnaja Venjaminova, Prevoshodnaja Kolesnikovoj, Desertnaja Morozovoj, 1-13-3, 2-26-4, 5-10-4, elite form 6-85) been allocated.
References
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Self-fertility has been studied in 54 genetically diverse cultivars of black currant under conditions of the Russian Northwest. Such cultivars as Orlovskaya serenada, Legenda, Azhurnaya, Kalinovka, Gratsia, Nadiya, Dachnitsa, Almiai, Chudnoe mgnovenie, Orlovskii vals, Ametist, Voevoda, Slavyanka have been found to have high levels of self-fertility and recommended to be used as sources of this character in breeding programs. The high self-fertility varieties mainly are 3-4-genomic descendants of Ribes dikuscha Fisch. ex Turcz. It is shown that the free pollination and artificial self-pollination have a positive impact on the value of the set, fruit weight and seed productivity.
References
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Basic results of gooseberry breeding are given for many years. A large work on gooseberry breeding was carried out in the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in 1992-2014 and the following results were obtained. The overall volume of hybridization made up 62 885 flowers (354 hybrid families). 110 selected forms were selected according to a complex of characters and individual outstanding characters. 18 hybrid families were singled out from selected to elite ones. One donor of high resistance to leaf spots and powdery mildew was selected. 11 sources of outstanding characters were revealed (high content of ascorbic acid, large size of fruit, weakly thorny bushes). 6 gooseberry varieties (Solnechny Zaichik, Nekrasovski, Yupiter, Zemlianichny, Moriachok and Discovery) were passed to the State Variety Trials.
References
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3.The state register of breeding achievements admitted for use. (2015): Plant varieties, 1: 297. (in Russian).
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9.Kurashev O. V., Sokolova S. E., Filina T. G. (2000): Biochemical study of fruit of gooseberry selections of VNIISPK breeding. In: New varieties and technologies of fruit and berry crop cultivation for intensive orchards. Reports at the Int. Sci. and Met. Conf. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).
10.Ozherelieva Z.E., Kurashev O.V. (2014): Determining of frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues in gooseberry genotypes under controlled conditions. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii [Fruit- and berry-growing of Russia], 39: 168-171. (in Russian).
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The paper presents the results of years of research of economic and biological evaluation of 56 strawberry varieties of domestic and foreign selection in the conditions of the Leningrad region. Varieties and hybrids of value for breeding and practical use of the main characteristics and properties: the earliest and most late ripening, high hardiness, practical stability to diseases and pests, high yield, large-fruited, superb taste. Also identified varieties for amateur gardening.
References
1.Douglas V. S., Thomas G., Kirk D.L. W. Douglas Gubler, John H., Sharon C.K. (2010): Strawberry breeding improves genetic resistance to Verticillium wilt. California Agriculture 64(1):37-41. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v064n01p37.
2.Shaw D.V., Gordon T.R., Hansen J., Kirkpatrick S.C. (2010): Relationship between the extent of colonization by Verticillium dahliae and symptom exspression in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) genotypes resistant to Verticillium wilt. Plant Pathology, 59:376-381, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02203.x.
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In the article were reported on the status of pomegranate plantations (total area, the production of fruits, yield gardens), of Goychay city of Shirvan area, which is the large fruit zone of Azerbaijan. Here the total area of the pomegranate plantations is about 20 thousand hectares, where is mainly cultivated local varieties. Specified widely cultivated varieties both local national and analytical breeding, and foreign varieties, introduced from abroad. Analyses of the fruit as local folk breeding varieties and new breeding and introduced cultivars showed that pomegranate fruits are very rich dry substances, general and invert sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid.
References
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4.Gins V.K., Kononkov P.F., Gins M.S. (2001): Selektsiya vegetables on a high content of biologically active substances.Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii selskokhozyaystvennykh nauk [Herald of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences], 1: 27-29. (in Russian).
5.Gudkovskiy VA (1998): Natural antioxidants are fruits and vegetables - a source of health. In: Ways to improve the stability of gardening. Michurinsk, 30-35. (in Russian).
6.Gudkovskiy VA (2001): Antioxidant (healing) properties of fruits and berries, and advanced methods of storage. Khranenie i pererabotka selkhozsyrya [Storage and processing of farm products], 4: 13-19. .(in Russian)
7.Gudkovskiy VA (2001): Natural antioxidants fruits - reliable protection of human. Vashe pitanie [Your diet], 1: 22-26.(in Russian).
8.Hajaliyev A.H., Hasanov Z.M. (2014): The key features of biological and ecological conditions of pomegranate varieties of Ganja. ASAU scientific works (in addition to the turbine 3 young scientists) Ganja, 4-7(in Azerbaijan).
9.Hajiyev Z.V., Hasanov Z.M. (2014): Sirvan pomegranate varieties planted in the gardens of the recommended environmental conditions and the current state of cultivation. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Modern Agricultural Science: current problems and prospects of development in the context of globalization of the century. ASAU, Ganja, 1: 194-195. (in Azerbaijan).
10.Hasanov Z.M., Aliyev C.M. (2011): Fruit growing. "MBM" Publishing House, Baku. (in Azerbaijan).
Data on growth and seed-bearing of different populations of Siberian cedar pine at the experimental plantations of the Scientific-Experimental Forestry of the Siberian State Technological University are given. The biometric indicators of 7-year old seedlings have been defined. The maternal trees having early seed-bearing have been selected, their general combining ability has been tested with the account of growth indices of 7-year old semi sibs and genetically valuable trees have been singled out. It is recommended to use them as maternal trees for seed picking for the purpose of reforestation on the genetic and breeding basis.
References
1.Bratilova N.P., Matveeva R.N., Oreshenko S.A., Pastukhova A.M. (2013): Variability and selection of Siberian cedar pine trees in years 42 to 45 of different geographical origin (green zone of Krasnoyarsk). Siberian State Technological University, Krasnoyarsk. (in Russian).
2.Dospekhov B. A. (1985): Methods of the field experiment (on the base of statistical processing of investigation results). Agropromizdat, Moscow. (in Russian).
3.Efimov Yu.P. (2003): On a new category of seed plantations of arboreous species in the forest seed-growing of Russia. In: Breeding, genetic resources and gene pool preservation of forest arboreous plants (Vavilov’s readings). Gomel, 200-204. (in Russian).
4.Kotov M.M., Lebedeva E.P. (1977): Biometric methods application in the forest breeding. GGU, Gorky. (in Russian).
5.Mamaev S.A. (1972): Forms of intraspecific variability of arboreous plants (on the example of Pinaceae family in the Urals). Nauka, Moscow. (in Russian).
6.Matveeva R.N., Butorova O.F. (2013): Variability of seed and vegetative progeny of Siberian cedar pine trees in conditions of the south of Middle Siberia. Siberian State Technological University, Krasnoyarsk. (in Russian).
7.Nikolaeva S.A., Savchuk D.A. (2013): Morphological forms of siberian stone pine trees (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in high altitudinal forests of Severo-Chuisky range: 1. Morphological aspect. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya [Herald of Tomsk State University. Biology], 2: 101-114. (in Russian).
8.Ogievskiy V.V., Khirov A.A. (1967): Inspection and investigation of arboreous cultures. LTA, Leningrad. (in Russian).
9.A list of forest zones (2007): Order ¹68 28.03.2007 “On confirmation of a list of forest zones and forest regions of Russian Federation”. Ministry of Nature Resources of RF, Moscow. (in Russian).
10.Pravdin L.F. (1964): The nearest tasks of research and practice on forest genetics and breeding in Siberia. In: Breeding of arboreous species in East Siberia. Nauka, Moscow, 5-19. (in Russian).
11.Protopopov V.V. (1965): Lighting conditions in cedar forests of Western Sayan. In: Physiology of arboreous species of Siberia. Krasnoyarsk, 115-122. (in Russian).
12.Savinov A.I. (2010): Basic tasks of forestry at present stage. Lesnoe khozyaystvo [Forestry], 1: 2-5. (in Russian).
13.Titov V.V. (2014): Valuable gene pool of plus trees of Siberian cedar for seed productivity in the Gorno-Altai. Plodovodstvo, semenovodstvo, introduktsiya drevesnykh rasteniy [Fruit-growing, seed-growing, introduction of arboreous plants], 17(17): 89-93. (in Russian).
14.Chesnokov N.I., Dolgosheev V.M. (1978): Assessment of the oxygen-forming function of the forest. Lesneo khozyaystvo [Forestry], 7: 32-34. (in Russian).
15.Espinel S., Aragones A. (1997): Genetic parameter estimates for Pinus radiata in Basque country, Northern Spain. N. Z. J. Forest. Sci., 27: 272-279.
The effect of dehydrating on the change of water regime of apple cultivar-rootstock combinations during vegetation has been studied in the laboratory conditions. Such basic water regime indications as a total water content, water loss and water restoration have been determined. The deterioration of the total water content under the influence of weather conditions, yield load and natural aging of leaves has been revealed as a result of the research. Jubilar apple on 3-3-72 intercalary stock demonstrated the highest level of drought resistance during all years of the research.
References
Zhuchenko A.A. (2001): Adaptive system of plant breeding (ecological and genetic basis). People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow. (in Russian).
Kushnirenko M.D. (1975): Physiology of water exchange and drought resistance of fruit crops. Shtiintsa, Chisinau. (in Russian).
Leonchenko V.G., Evseeva R.P., Zhbanova E.V., Cherenkova T.A. (2007): Preliminary selection of promising genotypes of fruit plants for environmental resistance and biochemical value of fruit (methodical recommendations). VNIIGISPR, Michurinsk. (in Russian).
Ozherel’eva Z.E., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. (2013): Study of water regime of apple varieties in summer period relative to their drought hardiness and heat resistance. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK [Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC], 1: 17-19. (in Russian).
Ozherel’eva Z.E., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. (2013): The influence of de-hydration and heat shock on the water regime of apple tree varieties. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Science Review], 1: 10-13. (in Russian).
This publication generalizes the features of the null stage of meristem planting of apple cultivars immune to scab. The optimization of regeneration processes from explants and micropropagation proper for account of nutrient medium selection gives an opportunity to augment cultivars in condition of buds and shoots. The use of F-medium (Fardzinova-medium) basically favoured growth of a great number of buds compared to shoots. Adventive and apical buds are the best variants of the initial material for colchicine treatment. For the purpose of obtaining valuable colchicinized plants the scheme has been worked out stage-by-stage. Polyploidy meristem (2n=51 and 2n=68) as well as apple polyploid (2n=68) have been induced from seedlings in the stage of a cotyledon with the use of colchicine.
References
Bavtuto G.A. Experimental autopolyploidy in apple (Malus Mile). In: Plant genetics and breeding. Leningrad, 39-40. (in Russian).
Isaev S.I., Domrachyeva I.I. (1981): Polyploidy use in apple breeding. In: Apple breeding in the USSR. Orel, 179-185. (in Russian).
Kalinin F.L., Sarnatskaya V.V., Polishchuk V.E. (1980): Methods of tissue culture in physiology and biochemistry. Naukova dumka, Kiev. (in Russian).
Liznev V.N. (1975): Experimental polyploidy in apple. In: Scientific papers of the Novosibirsk fruit and berry station. Novosibirsk, 3-9. (in Russian).
Liznev V.N. (1985): Creation of induced tetraploids and apple breeding on a polyploidy level. In: Apple breeding for fruit quality improvement. VNIISPK, Orel, 179-185. (in Russian).
Lozitskiy, A.Ya. (1970): The biological and economic characteristic of polyploidy apple and pear varieties [boil. sci. cand. thesis]. N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry, Leningrad. (in Russian).
Ponomarenko V.V. (1985): Polyploidy of Malus Mile species. In: Apple breeding for fruit quality improvement. VASKhNIL, Orel, 163-168. (in Russian).
Rybin V.A. (1967): Cytological method in fruit breeding. Kolos, Moscow. (in Russian).
Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Zhdanov V.V. (1985): The condition and prospects of apple breeding on a polyploidy level. In: Apple breeding for fruit quality improvement. VNIISPK, Orel, 169-178. (in Russian).
Sedov E.N. (1992): The significance and tasks of breeding in the assortment improvement and intensification of fruit production. In: Breeding and variety investigation of horticultural crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 18-35. (in Russian).
Sedysheva G.A. (1981): Polyploidy and apple breeding. In: Apple breeding in the USSR. VNIISPK, Orel, 192-198. (in Russian).
Sedysheva G.A., Sedov E.N. (1996): The assessment of polyploidy apples as initial material for triploid progeny obtaining. In: Problems of the initial material assessment and selection of parent pairs in fruit plant breeding. VNIIS, Michurinsk, 18-22. (in Russian).
Sedysheva G.A., Sedov E.N. (2003): The efficiency of polyploidy use in the development of adaptive apple varieties. In: A role of varieties and new technologies in the intensive horticulture. VNIISPK, Orel, 323-325. (in Russian).
Ternovskiy M.F. (1965): Sterility overcoming in interspecific Nicotiana hybrids. In: Polyploidy and breeding. Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 70-80. (in Russian).
Tuz A.S. (1965): Polyploidy in fruit crops. Vestnik sel’skokhozyaystvennoy nauki [Agricultural science newsletter], 6: 17-21. (in Russian).
Fardzinova I.M. (1999): Nutrient media for microclonal pear propagation. RF patent, ¹2141524, 20 november 1999. (in Russian).
Shcherbakov V.K. (1962): Methods of the experimental obtaining of polyploids in plants. In: Polyploidy in plants, 5: 110-120. (in Russian).
Hasskell G. (1955): Man, polyploidy and fruit tree growing in Britain. Evolution. 9(3):291-301. DOI: 10.2307/2405650
In terms of garden array (RRIFCB) investigated the response pollen fertility (%), the leaf area average projection of the crown and the thickness of leathery integument fruits of two varieties of Apple – Imruz and Sinap Orlovsky at foliar fertilizing of trees within 4 years (2011…2014). Foliar treatment was performed 5 times during the vegetation period const schema: 1. control of water treatment; 2. boric acid (H3BO3) – 0.1%; 3. potassium sulfate (K2SO4) – 0.3%; 4. calcium chloride (CaCl2) – 1%; water-salt mixture: 5. H3BO3+K2SO4; 6. H3BO3+CaCl2; 7. K2SO4+CaCl2; 8. H3BO3+K2SO4+CaCl2. A discussion of the results found that foliar feeding options in some cases have a significant impact on the growth dynamics of the studied parameters of Apple. Thus, the fertility of the pollen of both varieties is closely related with complex B+Ca+K, the area of the leaf - with the mixture K+Ca, and the thickness of the skin of the fruit, again with B+Ca+K. It is likely that boron does not have a significant impact on the area of the leave. It was also established that the thickness of fruit cover more winter varieties Sinap Orlovsky about winter varieties Imruz. As a whole, changes in the parameters of the two Apple varieties closely connected with a genotype and years of supervision that will be coordinated with literature data of various researchers of USA, France, Germany, Czech, Poland and others [4].
References
1. Trunov Yu.V. (2010): Mineral nutrition and fertilizing of apple. VNIIS, Michurinsk-Naukograd. (in Russian). 2. Trunov Yu. V., Gryaznov O. A., Kuzin A. I. (2011): Spray feeding of apple as a method of optimization of mineral nutrition of plants. In: Innovational basis of horticulture development in Russia. VNIIS, Michurinsk-Naukograd, 241-246. (in Russian). 3. Golubinskiy I.N. (1974): The biology of pollen germination. Naukova dumka, Kiev. (in Russian). 4. Homutova I., Blazek J. (2006): Differences in fruit skin thickness between selected apple (Malus domestica Borkl.) cultivars assessed by histological and sensory methods. Hort. Sci, 33: 108-113. 5. Pausheva Z.P. (1988): Practical work on plant cytology. Agropromizdat, Moscow. (in Russian). 6. Butenko A.I., Zhukova N.V. (2006): On use of dispersion analysis in work with mark traits. Bulletun of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 1: 249-251. (in Russian). 7. Babos K., Sass P., Monacsy P. (1984): Relationship between the peel structure and storability of apples. Acta Agron. Acad. Scientiarum- Hungariacea, 33: 41-50.
