1. Budagovskii A.V., Dubrovskii M.L., Pimkin M.Yu., Budagovskaya O.N., Milyaev A.I. (2011): A new methodical approach towards the estimation of heat resistance of fruit plants. In: Proc. VIII Int. Sci. Conf. Agroecological aspects of stable development of AIC. Bryansk. 317-319. (In Russian).
2. Butenko A.I., Savelyev N.I., Yushkov A.N., Zhukova N.V. (2008): Automation of Evaluation of Damage Rate of Tissue and Buds of Apple Cultivars under Artificial Exposition to Frost. Problems of Contemporary Science and Practice. Vernadsky University, 2(2): 43-49. (In Russian).
3. IPCC (2013): Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA,
4. Eremeev G.N. Udovenko G.V. (1976): Methods of evaluation of drought resistance of fruit crops. In: Udovenko G.V. (ed.) Methods of evaluation of plant resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Leningrad, Kolos. 101-115. (In Russian).
5. Eremin G.V., Gasanova T.A. (1999): Study of heat and drought resistance of cultivars. In: Sedov E.N. Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel, VNIISPK. 80-85. (in Russian).
6. Zhuchenko A.A. (2001): Adaptive system of plant breeding (ecological and genetic basis), Vol.2. Moscow, RUDN. (in Russian).
7. Kushnirenko M.D., Pecherskaya S.M. (1991): Physiology of plant water exchange and drought resistance. Kishinev, Shtiintsa. (In Russian).
8. Leonchenko V.G., Evseyeva R.P., Zhbanova E.V., Cherenkova T.A. (2007): The Preliminary Selection of Promising Genotypes of Fruit Plants for Ecological Resistance and Biochemical Value of Fruit. Methodical recommendations. Michurinsk-Naukograd. (In Russian).
9. Savelyev N.I., Yushkov A.N., Kruzhkov A.V. (2011): Analysis of meteofactors destabilizing the realization of fruit crop biopotential in Tambov region conditions. Polythematic online scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, 68(4): 550-562. Available at: http://ej.kubagro.ru/2011/04/pdf/48.pdf (In Russian).
10. Tyurina M.M., Gogoleva G.A. (et al. ed.) (2002): The estimation of fruit and berry crop resistance to the stressors of a cold year period in the field and controlled conditions: Methodical instructions. Moscow, VSTISP. (In Russian).
11. www.pogoda.ru. 

1. Gurin A.G. (2001): Recommendations for cultivation of commercial black currant plantations intended for mechanical harvesting. Orel, VNIISPK. (In Russian).
2. Knyazev S.D., Ogoltsova T.P. (2004): Black currant breeding at present. Orel, OrelGAU. (in Russian).
3. Sedov E.N. (ed.) (1995): Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).
4. Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) (1999): Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).
5. Yakimenko O.F., Novopokrovskiy V.S. (1988): Evaluation and selection of black currant varieties for machine harvest: the method. recommendations. Michurinsk, VNIIS. (in Russian).
 

 

1. Zaitsev G.N. (1969): Honeysuckle with edible fruit. In: Works for applied botany, genetics and breeding. Leningrad, 15(3): 183-188. (In Russian).
2. Ilyin N.A. (2005): Sweet-berry honeysuckle in the Urals. Chelyabinsk, Dachnyi sezon. (In Russian).
3. Ryabova N.V. (1980): Honeysuckle. Introduction results in Moscow. Moskow, Nauka. (In Russian).
4. Sedov E.N. (ed.) (1995): Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).
5. Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) (1999): Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).  

 

1. Burmistrov A. D. (1985): Berry culture. Leningrad, Agropromizdat. (in Russian).
2. Vitkovsky V. L. (2003): Fruit plants of the world. Sankt-Peterburg, Lan. (in Russian).
3. Zubov A. A. (1986): Problem´s of genetics and selection of berry cultures. Plodoovoshchnoe khozyaistvo [Fruit-and-vegetable farming], 3: 37-39. (in Russian).
4. Currant. Gooseberry (2009): In: Sedov E.N. (ed.) Pomology (vol. 4). Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).
5. Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (1995): Sedov E.N. (ed.). Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).
6. Rozanova M. A. (1935): Berry vulture and berry breding. Moscow, Leningrad, Ogiz , Selkhozgiz. (in Russian).
7. Sergeeva K. D. (1989): Gooseberry, Мoscow Agropromizdat. (in Russian).

Tikhonova O. A., Gavrilova O. A., Pupkova N. A. Morpho-biological features of black currant - gooseberry hybrids in the North- West of Russia. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 42-60. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/70.pdf


The morphological and biological characteristics and economic-valuable traits has been studied in black currant- gooseberry hybrids under conditions of the Russian Northwest. The timing of the main phenophases has been determined taking into account the required accumulated temperatures in the conditions of this region.The features of shoot growth were studied. Winter hardiness, self-fertility, productiveness, resistance to diseases and pests and some elements of productivity and chemical compounds of berries were estimated.
Pollen grains of tetraploid and their parental forms were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The main stages of microsporogenesis were investigated.
Pollen grains of hybrids are intermediate in currant and gooseberry pollen by their morphology. The diversity of forms of grains and the presence of small-sized grains are an additional characteristics of tetraploids.
The study revealed that the conditions of heat supply and the duration of the growing season is insufficient for the successful cultivation of these hybrids in the region. Black currant-gooseberry hybrids have important characteristics – resistance to fungal diseases, immune to bud mite and reversion and can be used as a valuable initial material in breeding programs.

1. Bavtuto, G. A. (1980): The enrichment of the gene pool and the establishment of the initial material of fruit crops on the basis of experimental polyploidy and mutagenesis. [Agr. Sci. Doctoral. Thesis]. Tartu University, Tartu. (in Russian).
2. Berbank L. (1955): Twelve other wonderful berry plants, which are material for breeding and creation of new forms. In: Selected Writings. Izdatelstvo inostrannoi literatury, Moscow: 416-429. (in Russian).
3. Buchenkov I. E., Chernetskaya A. G. (2013): Use of polyploidy in breeding of black currant and gooseberry. Nature bulletin of Palesky State University series in natural sciences, 1: 3-9(in Russian).
4. Vigorov L. I. (1976): Garden of medicinal crops. Sverdlovsk. (in Russian).
5. Vitkovskii V. L. (1979): Studying of the dynamics shoots growth, the formation of buds and flowers in fruit plants. Methodical instructions. Leningrad. (in Russian).
6. Gavrilova O. A., Tikhonova O. A. (2013): Diversity of pollen grain shapes, and their distribution across some grossulariaceae species and hybrids. Transactions of Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Science. Experimental biology, 3: 82-92. (in Russian).
7. Geints G. G. (1953): Biology of flowering and fertilization of gooseberries. In: The collection of papers of members of the scientific student society of The Leningrad Agricultural Institute. Leningrad, 1: 80-87 (in Russian).
8. Duka С. H. (1940): The new form of berry plant. Yarovizatsiya [Vernalization], 3: 119-122. (in Russian).
9. Zhdanov V.V. (1971): Biological features of flowering, pollination and fertilization varieties and seedlings of black currant in connection with the degree of their self-fertility. In: Breeding, variety trials, agrotechnics of fruit and berry crops. Orel,(5), 114-121. (in Russian)..
10. Samorodova-Bianki G. B. (ed.) (1989): Studying of biologically active substances of fruit crops. Methodical instructions. Leningrad. (in Russian).
11. Кantor Т. С. (1972): About the problem of sterility black currant – gooseberry hybrids. // Black currant in the USSR. Moscow. (in Russian).
12. Кovtun I. М. (1962): The effectiveness of different methods of creation thornless gooseberry. In: A. I. Shepelskii et al. (eds.) Biology and breeding of fruit crops. Gosselkhozizdat, Kiev, 39: 23-34. (in Russian).
13. Kuzmin A. Ya., Chuvachina N. P. (1960): The distant hybridization in Grossulariacae family. In: The distant hybridization of plants and animals. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow: 187-192.(in Russian).
14. Ermakov A.I. et al. (eds.) (1987): Methods of Biochemical Investigation of Plants. Lenindrad, Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
15. Ogoltsova T.P. (1992): Black currant breeding – the past, present and future. Tula, Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (in Russian).
16. Pavlova N. M. (1955): Black currant. Moskva – Leningrad. (in Russian).
17. Lobanov G. A. (ed.) (1973): Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. Michurinsk. (in Russian).
18. Sedov E. N. (ed.) (1999): Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian)
19. Rainchikova G. P. (1971): Biology of flowering and pollination of black currant varieties of different origin in conditions of Belarus. [Biol. Sci. Cand. Thesis], Minsk. (in Russian).
20. Sankin L. S. (1990): Breeding of black currant – gooseberries hybrids in condition of Altai. In: Status and prospects of development of berry-culture in the USSR. Michurinsk: 60-63. (In Russian).
21. Sergeeva K. D. (1989): Gooseberries. Agropromizdat, Moscow. (in Russian).
22. Sokolov С. Ya., Zamotaev I. P. (1988): Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Moscow. (in Russian).
23. Tolmachev I. A. (1953): Ways to produce fertile hybrids between Ribes and Grossularia. In: Proceedings of central genetic laboratory, TsGL, Michurinsk, 5: 157-181 (in Russian).
24. Timusheva O. K., Ryabinina M. L. (2011): Result of introduction: fruit crops. Vestnik instituta biologii Komi NTs UrO RAN [Herald of The Institute of Biology Komi Research center of Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 6: 37-44. (in Russian).
25. Tikhonova O. A. (2006): Black currant – gooseberries hybrids under conditions of the Russian Northwest. Politerra, Belgorod. (in Russian).
26. Trunin L. L. (1983): The study of biological and cytogenetic features induced polyploid forms of black currants and gooseberries. [Biol. Sci. Cand. Thesis]. VNIIS, Michurinsk. (in Russian).
27. Тyunikov I. G. (1972): Hybridization in breeding of black currant. // Black currant in the USSR. Moscow. (In Russian).
28. Fogel I. Yu. (1993): Biological features, productivity and propagation «Jošta» in condition of Subcarpathian Ruthenia. [Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis]. Belarusian Scientific Research Institute for Fruit Growing, Samokhvalovichi. (in Russian).
29. Chuvashina N.P. (1972): Tetraploid forms of black currant creating under influence of colchicines. In: Сulture blackcurrant in the USSR. Moscow: 363-372. (in Russian).
30. Chuvashina N.P. (1980): Citogenetics and breeding of black currant hybrids and polyploids. Nauka, Leningrad. (in Russian).
31. Bauer R. (1978): Yosta, eine neue Beerehobstart aus der Kreuzung Schwarze Yohan-nisbure × Stachelbeere. Erwerbs. Obstbau, 20(6): 116-119. (in German).
32. Erdtman G. (1952): Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Stokholm.
33. Gavrilova O. A., Tikhonova O. A. (2015): Apertural pollen types in the Grossulariaceae family. In: Bogdanovic, S., Jogan, N. (eds.) Book of abstracts – 6th Balkan Botanical Congress, Rijeka, September 14-18. 2015: 25.
34. Knight R. L., Keep E., Briggs J. B., Parker J. H. (1974): Transference of resistance to black currant gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribis, from gooseberry to black currant. Annals of Applied Biology, 76(1): 123-130. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1974.tb01362.x
35. Nilsson F. (1955): Amphidiploid species in the genus Ribes. Rept. 14 Int. Hort. Congr., Scheveningen.

Khalekova N. I., Lyahova A. S. (2015): Dates of propagation by cuttings and rooting ability of clone cherry rootstocks. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 61-64. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/71.pdf


The rooting ability of soft-wood cuttings of clone cherry rootstocks was studied with the account of the propagation dates, shoot zones from which the cuttings were taken and the effect of plant growth regulators on the output and quality of the rootstock material. The results are presented.
During the process of propagation by cuttings the sum of effective temperatures >10°C should exceed 750°C.
The studied regulators of plant growth, such as Epin-Extra and FlorHumat, positively influence upon the rooting ability of soft-wood cuttings of clone rootstocks.

 

1. Asadulaev Z.M. (1985): Features of clone apple rootstock propagation by softwood cuttings. In: Col. Sci. Works Problems of vegetative propagation in horticulture. Moscow, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy: 40-46. (In Russian).
2. Vekhov Yu.K., Doroshenko T.N. (1999): Study of rootstocks and variety-rootstock combinations. In: Sedov E.N. Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel, VNIISPK: 34-47. (in Russian).
3. Polikarpova F.Ya., Pilyugina V.V. (2008): Growing of planting material by means of softwood cuttings. Moscow, Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
4. Year-book (2008): Reference book on pesticides and agricultural chemicals authorized for use on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2008. Moscow, Agrorus. (In Russian).
5. Tarasenko M.T., Ermakov B.S., Prokhorov Z.A., Faustov V.V. (1968): Methodical handbook. New technologies of propagation by softwood cuttings. Moscow, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. (In Russian). 

Salina E. S., Levgerova N. S., Sidorova I. A. (2015): The effect of phenolic compounds on consumer qualities of black currant stewed fruit. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 65-70. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/72.pdf

The effect of anthocyans and catechin contents on organoleptic qualities was studied in stewed fruit of 26 black currant genotypes. Direct dependence was determined between the content of anthocyans in stewed fruit and its tasting assessment for appearance, r=+0.38**. Compotes with high rating points for appearance were characterized by the lowest and highest contents of anthocyans, respectively, while compotes with mean rating points for taste were up to one and the same standard in anthocyan content. There was no direct clear dependence between catechin content in compote and its taste rating, correlation coefficient r=+0.03. However, compotes with taste rating above 4.5 points were characterized by low content of catechins. 

1. Levgerova N.S. (2009): Scientific substantiation of raw-stuff orchard creation on a genetic potential basis of fruit crops [Agric. Sci. Doctoral Thesis]. Orel, Orel State Agrarian University. (in Russian).
2. Levgerova N.S., Leonchenko V.G. (1999): Technological evaluation of cultivars. In: Sedov E.N. (ed.) Program and methods of variety trials of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel, VNIISPK: 168-178. (in Russian).
3. Methodical regulations on chemical and technological variety investigation of vegetable, fruit and berry crops for canning industry (1993): Moscow. (in Russian).
4. Lobanov G.A. (ed.) (1980): Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Michurinsk, VNIIS. (in Russian).
5. Skorikova Yu.G. (1973): Polyphenolics of fruits and berries and flower formation of products. Moscow, – М.: Pishchevaya promyshlennost. (in Russian).
6. Upadyshev M.T. (2008): A role of phenolic compounds in the processes of vital activity of orchard plants. Moscow, Publishing House MSP. (in Russian).
7. Oszmianski J., Woidylo A. (2009): Effects of Blackcurrant and Apple Mash Blending on the Phenolics Contents, Antioxidant Capacity, and Colour of Juices. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 27(5): 338–351.
8. Vagiri M.R. (2014): Phenolic Compounds and Ascorbic Acid in Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) [Doctoral Thesis] Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 

Golyshkin L. V. (2015): Studying of feature of external and internal architectonics of apple fruit affected by bitter pit. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 71-76. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/73.pdf

In conditions of 2015 the features of external and internal architectonics of ‘Sinap Orlovsky‘ apples were analyzed in connection with affection by bitter pit. It was determined that the given disease carried non-infectious physiological character and was characterized by common symptoms. Probably, the late winter ripening of the cultivar and cultivation conditions in 2015 promoted smoother course of the illness. This disease is often accompanied by the occurrence of signs of one more physiological disease in the mesocarp – vitreousness of fruit tissues. Absence of calcium salts is observed in zone of affection (vascular bundles), i.e. histochemical reactions on organics acids and salts of organic and inorganic acids are practically absent. Occasionally in the zones adjoining the affection, an insignificant quantity of crystals of oxalic acid calcium is observed. In the rest, the disease proceeds with usual symptomatology. Some specific features peculiar to ‘Sinap Orlovsky‘ in the Orel region can be observed.

1. Kolyadich M. A. (2012): Apple variety evaluation for resistance to diseases and pests in the work-study unit of Belarusian State Academy of Agriculture. Minsk, BGSHA. (in Russian).
2. Sedov E. N. (ed.) (2005): Pomology. Vol.1. Apple. Orel, VNIISPK. (in Russian).
3. Prichko T. G. (1999): Apple varieties with high biologically determined keeping quality. In: Scientific bases of sustainable gardening in Russia. Michurinsk. (in Russian).
4. Prichko T. G., Smelik T. L. (2015): Efficiency of new preparations containing calcium against bitter pit of apple fruit. In: Nauchnye trudy SKZNIISiV [Scientific publications of SKZNIISiV]. Krasnodar, SKZNIISiV (In Russian).
5. Prichko T. G., Chalaya L. D., Smelik, T. L. (2015): Influence of features of anatomical structure of apples on the resistance to bitter pit disease. Novye tekhnologii [New Technologies], 1: 129-136.
6. Ryabchinskaya T.A., Kharchenko G.L. (2006): Ecologization of apple protection from harmful organisms. Moscow, FGNU Rosinformagrotekh. (In Russian). 

Pavlenkova G. A. (2015): Estimation of Spiraea L. species of VNIISPK arboretum gene pool. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 77-85. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/74.pdf

Nowadays, Spiraea L. species are widely used in greenbelt setting among ornamental bushes. However, various Spiraea L. species are characterized by a different degree of adaptation to unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors of the environment. The object of this investigation was to study the adaptation degree of Spiraea L. species from the VNIISPK arboretum and reveal promising species that keep high ornamental appearance in conditions of the changing climate and increasing technogenic load. 16 Spiraea L. species of different origin were studied. As a result of the investigations in 2014…2015, eight Spiraea L. species were revealed as the most promising ones for greenbelt setting: S. × vanhouttei (Briot) Zab., S. chamaedryfolia L., S. gemmata Zab. and S. media Fr. Schmidt of spring flowering; S. albiflora (Miq.) Zbl. f. alba, S. albiflora (Miq.) Zbl. f. rosea, S. × bumalda Burv. cv. Anthony Waterer and S. japonica L. of summer flowering. 

1. Aksenov E.A., Aksenova N.A. (2001): Ornamental horticulture for amateur and professional growers. Trees and bushes. Moscow, AST-Press. (In Russian).
2. Golovach A.G. (1980): Trees, shrubs and lianas of the Botany Garden of the USSR. Leningrad, Nauka. (in Russian).
3. Dubovitskaya O.Yu. (2014): The results of introduction of Siberian tree and shrub plants to the Central Chernozem Region of Russia. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Problems of Botany of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Barnaul, IP Kolmogorov I.A.: 256-259. (in Russian).
4. Dubovitskaya O. Yu., Tsoy М. F., Pavlenkova G. А., Masalova L. I., Firsov A. N. (2015): The gene pool conservation and basic results of plant introduction of arboretum of The All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2: 111-122. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/2/32.pdf. (in Russian).
5. Ivanova Z.Ya., Perepadin A.A. (2003): Ornamental wood plants (trees, bushes, lianas) and ways of their propagation. Simferopol, Tavriya. (In Russian).
6. Lapin P.I., Sidneva S.V. (1975): The assessment of plant species freezing degree. In: Woody plants of the Central Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Moscow, Nauka: 18-19. (In Russian).
7. Lebedev A.N., Zolotareva E.V., Tsoy M.F. (ed.) (2003): Guidelines for the practical training for students of specialty 260500– Gardening and Landscaping. Orel, OrelGAU. (In Russian).
8. Plotnikova L.S. (2004): Spireas. Moscow, Izd. Dom MSP. (In Russian).
9. Yurova G.S., Kalinicheva L.N. (1995) : Collection of ornamental tree and bush plants of the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. In: Breeding and variety investigation of horticultural crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 283-290. (in Russian).  

Emelyanova O. Yu., Tsoy М. F. (2015): Evaluation and conservation of the gene pool of birch family plants (Betulaceae C.A.Agardh) in the arboretum of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 86-96. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/75.pdf

The birch family (Betulaceae CAAgardh) is one of the oldest families of woody plants on the planet. Plants of this family are widespread in Russia. The purpose of this work is to identify highly resistant species of ornamental plants of the birch family (Betulaceae CAAgardh) of arboretum at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding for using in landscaping. Currently, the representatives of the three genera of the birch family (Betulaceae CAAgardh) grow in the collection. The birch genus (Betula L.) includes 15 species. The hazel genus (Corylus L.) includes 2 species and 1 form. The alder genus (Alnus Mill.) includes 1 species. The studies were conducted during four years (2012…2015). The general condition of plants, the winter hardiness, the crown density, the degree of flowering and fruiting, the resistance to pests and diseases, the evaluation of ornamental plants were studied. Taking into account all the studied factors, 6 species of birch family (Betulaceae C.A.Agardh) occurred to be the most promising. They are Betula lenta L., Betula caerulea-grandis Blanch., Betula litwinowii Doluch., Betula manshurica (Rgl.) Nakai, Betula Raddeana Trautv. and Corylus colurna L. These types can be recommended for use in green building in Central Russia. 

1. Golovach A.G. (1980): Trees, shrubs and lianas of the Botany Garden of the USSR. Leningrad, Nauka. (in Russian).
2. Dubovitskaya O.Yu. (2014): The results of introduction of Siberian tree and shrub plants to the Central Chernozem Region of Russia. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Problems of Botany of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Barnaul, IP Kolmogorov I.A.: 256-259. (in Russian).
3. Dubovitskaya O.Yu., Zolotareva E.V. (2010): Flowering trees and shrubs for landscaping of low-rise building. Vestnik OrelGAU, 2: 72-77 (in Russian).
4. Kornilov B.B., Dolmatov E.A. (2014): Winter hardiness estimation of ornamental pome crops (apple, pear) by field method. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3: 19-24. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2014/3/34.pdf (in Russian).
5. Korchagina I.A. Betulaceae. In: Takhtadzhyan A.L. (ed.) Plant life in 6vol. Moscow, Prosveshchenie, 5(1): 311-324. (In Russian).
6. Lapin P.I., Sidneva S.V. (1975): The assessment of plant species freezing degree. In: Woody plants of the Central Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Moscow, Nauka: 18-19 (in Russian).
7. Pavlenkova G.A. (2014): Winter hardiness evaluation of syrínga species and cultivars under Orel region. Subtropicheskoe i dekorativnoe sadovodstvo [Subtropical and ornamental plants], 50: 244-250. (In Russian).
8. Tamberg T.G., Ulyanova T.N. (1969): Methodical regulations on studying collection of ornamental plants. Leningrad, N.I.Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry. (in Russian).
9. Tyurina M.M. (1978): Rapid estimation of fruit and berry crop winter hardiness. VASKhNIL, Miscow. (in Russian).
Komarov V.L. (ed.) (1936): Flora of the USSR. Leningrad, Akademiya nauk SSSR, 6:252-319. (in Russian). 

Emelyanova O. Yu., Khromova Т. M. (2015): The natural biotopes of Orel region towns. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 97-104. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/76.pdf

The inventory and monitoring of the natural biotopes of flora of Bolkhov, Dmitrovsk, Livny, Maloarkhangelsk, Mtsensk, Oryol and Novosil have been conducted since 2008. The forest, meadow, steppe areas, ponds, reservoirs shore, damp and wetlands were identified and investigated. The placing of the natural biotopes of the towns corresponds to the natural zoning of the region and reflects the transition from forest to forest-steppe zone. Bolhov is the forest zone. Orel, Mtsensk, Dmitrovsk, Novosil, Maloarkhangelsk and Livny are the forest-steppe zone. Intrazonal vegetation is represented by communities of meadows, wetlands and river floodplains. As a result of the research it has been found that in natural biotopes of Oryol region towns the intense sinantropization is observed on the background of unification of urban vegetation, and the proportion of adventitious plants is increasing. The presence of a large number of adventitious species in the natural biotopes is indicative of a significant transformation of the natural environment and degradation of the natural vegetation cover.

1. Agafonova L.A. (2010): Flora of Belgorod town. [biol. sci. cand. thesis]. Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow. (in Russian).
2. Bulgakov I.L. (2013): Flora of Orel town. [biol. sci. cand. thesis]. I.G. Petrovsky Bryansk State University, Bryansk. (In Russian).
3. Dubovitskaya O.Yu. (2013): Creating stable environment improving phytotechnologies in Central Chernozem region of Russia. Problems of Biological, Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 11: 20-26. (in Russian).
4. Ilminskikh N.G. (1994): Ecotopological structure of the urban flora. In: Proc. III work meeting for comparative floristic Urgent problems of comparative study of floras. Sankt-Peterburg, Nauka. (In Russian).
5. Maksimov A. A. (2006): Flora of Arkhangelsk town. [biol. sci. cand. thesis]. Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow. (in Russian).
6. Radygina V. I., Tsutsupa T. A. (2010): Vegetational cover of Nepretz gully: a textbook for students of biological faculties of high schools. Orel, GOU VPO OGU. (In Russian). 

Masalova L. I., Firsov A. N. (2015): Promising ornamental bushes of the North America zone and Far East in the VNIISPK arboretum. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4: 105-112. Available at: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/77.pdf

Ornamental bushes are widely used in greenbelt setting. However, not all species have sufficient resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. The object of these studies is to reveal highly ornamental resistant bushes of the VNIISPK arboretum. Acanthopanax sеssiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem., Berberis ottawiensis f. purpurea Schneid (B.thunbergii x B.vulgaris), Mahonia aquifolia (Pursch) Nutt, Mahonia pinnata (Lag.) Fedde, Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht, Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehd. et Wils., and Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehd. et Wils. showed high resistance to pests and diseases. The ornamental appearance of these species is maintained during the whole year with the absence of aging signs. These species may be recommended for greenbelt setting in the middle zone of Russia.

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