Since 2024, the journal has been published on the National Platform of Periodical Scientific Publications of the Russian Center for Scientific Research https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-6701/index
2017 ¹3
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Serova, Z.M. & Yanchuk T.V. (2017) Breakthrough trends in apple breeding. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 1-13. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00009. (In Russian, English abstract).
The dynamics of the improvement of directions and methods of apple breeding for the last 62 years is under consideration in this article. If in 1950s–1960s the main directions and methods of breeding were re-hybridization, saturation (step) crossings and geographically remote hybridization, at the present time the priority breeding tasks are the development of scab immune varieties, breeding with polyploidy using and breeding of columnar apple varieties. More than 20 scab immune apple varieties have been developed at the All Russian Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding and included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use. They include such widely known varieties as Bolotovskoye, Veniaminovskoye, Imrus, Candil Orlovsky, Svezhest, Solnyshko and Stroevskoye. Apple breeding with polyploidy using has been widely deployed since 1970. For the first time in the world the scientists of the institute developed and zoned 11 triploid apple varieties obtained from the intervalent crossings of a diploid x tetraploid type.
Only in the last 5–7 years six triploid apple varieties have been created: Academic Saveliev, Mars, Ministr Kisiliov, Osipovskoye, Patriot and Trener Petrov (their descriptions are given).
Columnar apple breeding has been conducted since 1984. Three columnar apple varieties have been zoned (Priokskoye, Vostorg and Poezia) and three columnar varieties are passing the State testing (Girlianda, Orlovskaya Yesenia and Sozvezdie).
Triploid apple varieties having immunity to scab are of special interest. Brief descriptions of three of them are given in this paper (Aleksandr Boyko, Vavilovskoye and Prazdnichnoye). Currently at the institute work is started on the development of fundamentally new apple varieties having immunity to scab (Vf) + triploidy (3x) + columnar habit (Co) (three in one).
The development of such varieties will improve the environmental condition in the orchard (through immunity to scab), provide more regular yields of marketable fruit (through triploidy) and rather early fruiting and productivity (owing to columnar habit). Such varieties (three in one - Vf + 3x + Co) could provide a breakthrough in the production of fruit products. Elite seedlings with these qualities (candidate varieties) have already been selected at the institute.
References
1. Sedov, E.N., Kalinina, I.P. & Smykov, V.K. (1995). Apple breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 159-200). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
2. Sedov E.N., Krasova N.G., Zhdanov V.V., Dolmatov E.A. & Mozhar N.V. (1999). Pip crops (apple, pear, common quince). In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253–255). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Sedov E. N. (2011). Breeding and new apple varieties. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Makarkina M.A., Levgerova N.S., Serova Z.M., Korneyeva S.A., Gorbacheva N.G., Salina E.S., Yanchuk T.V., Pikunova A.V., Ozherelieva Z.E. (2015). The innovations in apple genome modification opening new prospects in breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
Abstract
Zaremuk, R.Sh. (2017). Prospects for using plum varieties in the southern region. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 14-19. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00010. (In Russian, English abstract).
The results of a complex assessment of plum varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the southern region are presented (Krasnodar Krai). The purpose of the assessment was to reveal more adaptive and productive fruit with high flavoring and commodity qualities (large size of fruit, high contents of solids and sugars, vitamins, etc.). Groups of perspective plum varieties of domestic selection: Milena, Podruga, Charodeyka, Balkarskaya, Predgornaya, and also of foreign selection: Chachakskaya Improved, Chachakskaya Late and Melitopolskaya have been determined. Under the unfavorable conditions of the last years, they demonstrated high resistance to high and low temperature stresses, dominating diseases, rather high productivity that gives the grounds to recommend them for cultivation in conditions of the southern gardening and for further selection use as sources of valuable characters.
The agrobiological characteristic of the studied varieties is given according to several economically valuable and significant for breeding traits. Plum varieties resistant to low-temperature stresses have been allocated: Milena, Podruga, Chachakskaya Improved and Chachakskya late; resistant to clasterosporium and brown rot diseases: Podruga, Milena, Predgornaya, Chachakskya improved, Chachakskya late and Melitopolskaya; with a reserved force of growth (3,6–4,0 m) (local varieties): Prikubanskaya, Milena and Krasnodarskaya, (introduced varieties): Turhanca, Chachakskaya improved and Chachakskya late; with high productivity (in case of the planting scheme of 6×4 m): Prikubanskaya (16,5 t/hectare), Krasnodarskaya (16,5 t/hectare), Melitopolskaya (18,0 t/hectare), Balkarskaya (17,0 t/hectare), Predgornaya (17,5 t/hectare).
References
1. Lugovskoi, A.P., Ulyanovskaya, E.V., Artyukh, S.N., Alekhina, E.M., Mozhar, N.V., Zaremuk, R.Sh., Govorushchenko, S.A., & Bogatyreva, S.V. (2006). The concept of varietal policy in fruit-growing in the South of Russia. Horticulture and viticulture, 4, 21-24. (In Russian).
2. Zaremuk, R.Sh. & Bogatyreva, S.V. (2012). Creation of adaptive and productive grades of plum house in the south of Russia. Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis, 5, 18-20. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Zaremuk, R.Sh., Alekhina, E. M., Dolya, U. A. & Bogatyreva, S. V. (2011). Genetic resources of stone fruit crops for the creation of new varieties in the South of Russia. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 10, 31-41. Retrieved from: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/11/04/03.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract)
4. Zaremuk, R.Sh. & Bogatyreva, S.V. (2014). The initial material for the creation of new varieties of domestic plum-tree. Agrarian science, 12, 15-17. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Egorov, E.A. (ed.). (2013). Program of the North Caucasus Centre for selection of fruit, berry, ornamental crops and grapes until 2030. Krasnodar: CKSNIICIV. (In Russian).
6. Smolyakova ,V. M., Kholod, N. A., Zhidovkin, A. M., Storchevaya, E. M., Cherkezova, S. R., Dubrovskii, O. V., Podgornaya, M. E., Shtompel, A. F., Yakuba, G. V. & Berdysh, Yu. I. (1999). Guidelines for phytosanitary and phytotoxicological monitoring of fruit trees and berry bushes. Krasnodar: CKSNIICIV. (In Russian).
7. Sedov, E.N. (ed.) (1995): Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Dzhigadlo, E.N., Kolesnikova, A.F., Eremin, G.V., Morozova, T.V., Debiskaeva, S.Y., Kanshina, M.V., Kanshina, M.V., Medvedeva, N.I., & Simagin, V.S. (1999). Stone fruit crops. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 300–351). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
9. Anonymous (2016).The state register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation allowed to use. Plant Varieties. (pp 34-38). Moscow. (In Russian).
Abstract
Knyazev, S.D., Keldibekova, M.A. & Tovarnitskaya, M.V. (2017) Advances and prospects of black currant breeding at VNIISPK. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 20-25. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00011. (In Russian, English abstract).
The main advances of black currant breeding at the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) are presented for the period since 1950s to the present time. The results of the long-term studies of Tamarova A.F., Ogoltzova T.P. and Knyazev S.D. are given. The breeding work is carried out according to the long-term programs. The creation of variety collections allowed revealing the most adaptable varieties for cultivation in local conditions and sources for further breeding. As a result of breeding, more than 30 black currant varieties have been developed that significantly influenced upon the up-to-date assortment of berry crops in Russia. The use of donors of resistance to powdery mildew, rust and bud mite in hybridization has allowed to speed up the creation of varieties with complex resistance to diseases and bud mite. As a result of the purposeful breeding work, the researchers of the institute have developed and passed to the State Variety Testing 16 black currant varieties having immunity to powdery mildew: Kipiana, Gamma, Gratzia, Oasis, Zagliadenie, Blakeston, Iskushenie, Ocharovanie, Kreolka, Chernaya Vual, Arapka, Nyura, Yubiley Orla, Narianna, Chernookaya and Nadya. The varieties Kipiana, Chernaya Vual, Gratzia, Arapka, Iskushenie, Chernookaya, Nadya, Narianna and Kreolka are also resistant to rust. At the same time, Kipiana, Oasis and Iskushenie are unsusceptible to bud mite.
The prospects of using contemporary and rapidly developing research methods are shown: the use of molecular markers and rapid assessment of photosynthetic parameters that can effectively solve many of the selection tasks in a shorter time compared to common approaches.
References
1. Bayanova, L.V. (1984). Estimation of initial black currant forms for resistance to bud mite. In Progressive methods of the cultivation and improvement of fruit and berry plant assortment (pp. 60-65). Tula: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
2. Zhidekhina, T.V. (2007). The results of black currant breeding at the Michurin All Russian Research Institute of Horticulture. In The current state of crop currants and gooseberries (pp. 41-60). Michurinsk: VNIIS. (In Russian).
3. Knyazev, S.D. (2005). The results of black currant breeding and variety investigation. In State and prospects of fruit breeding and variety rearing (pp. 164-174). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Knyazev, S.D., Pikunova, A.V., Bakhotskaya, A.Yu., Chekalin, E.I. & Shavyrkina, M.A. (2014). Innovational directions in black currant breeding. In Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops (pp. 192–211). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Knyazev, S.D., Tovarnitskaya, M.V. & Keldibekova, M.A. (2017). A new generation of black currant for ecologically safe technologies. Agrarian science, 3, 7-10. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Ogoltsova, T.P. (1988). Breeding substantiation of some parameters of a model of an ideal black currant variety for the south of Nechernzem Zone of RSFSR. In Black currant breeding and variety investigation (pp. 3-9). Michurinsk: I.V. Michurin VNIIS. (In Russian).
7. Ogoltsova ,T.P. (1992). Black currant breeding – the past, present and future. Tula: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
8. Pikunova, A.V. (2011). The estimation of genetic diversity of initial breeding berry crop material with the help of molecular markers (Biol. Sci. Cand. Thesis). N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Recourses (VIR), St.-Petersburg, Russia. (In Russian)
9. Chesnokov, Yu. V. (2005). DNA-fingerprinting and analysis of genetic diversity in plants. Agricultural biology, 1, 20-40. (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Shavyrkina, M. A., Knyazev, S. D. & Pikunova, À. V. (2015). Molecular and genetic methods of selection of blackcurrant genotypes resistant to gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis). Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 31-35. Retrieved from: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/4/60.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
11. Shavyrkina, Ì.À., Chekalin, E.I. & Knyazev, S.D. (2016). Role of the rate of leaves photosynthesis and transpiration in the formation of blackcurrant productivity. Vestnik OrelGAU, 1(58), 38-41. (In Russian, English abstract).
12. Brennan, R.M., Robertson, G.W., McNicol, J.W., Fyffe, L., & Hall, J.E. (1992). The use of metabolic profiling in the identification of gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw.) resistant blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) genotypes. Annals of applied biology, 121(3), 503-509.
13. Brennan, R., Jorgensen, L., Gordon, S., Loades, K., Hackett, C., & Russell, J. (2009). The development of a PCR-based marker linked to resistance to the blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis Acari: Eriophyidae). Theoretical and applied genetics, 118(2), 205-211.
14. Haymes, K.M., Henken, B., Davis, T.M., & Van de Weg, W.E. (1997). Identification of RAPD markers linked to a Phytophthora fragariae resistance gene (Rpf1) in the cultivated strawberry. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 94(8), 1097-1101.
Abstract
Gabysheva, N.S., Protopopova, A.V. & Sorokopudov, V.N. (2017). Ecological aspects of phenorhythmics of black currant varieties in Central Yakutia. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 26-34. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00012. (In Russian, English abstract).
At present, in conditions of Yakutia 6 blackcurrant varieties widespread in Yakutia have been developed (Yakutskaya, Khara Kytalyk, Erkeeni, Myuryuchaana, Pamyat Kyndyla and Lucia). However, a potential opportunity of them is used far not fully, their productivity remains quite low in connection with insufficient resistance to the diseases and pests which have developed in recent years. The industrial and amateur gardening of Yakutia feels the sharp need for well adapted varieties of local breeding, the accelerated creation and successful introduction of which would allow to supply the population with high-vitamin berry production. In this regard, the study of the available blackcurrant assortment for the identification of sources of economically valuable traits and creation of the most resistant and adaptable to the conditions of Central Yakutia new varieties is extremely urgent. The questions of the phenology of black currant cultivars depending on the environmental factors are considered in this paper (vegetation beginning, flowering, ripening and leaf fall). In Yakutia conditions the main phenological stage is a period of black currant berry ripening. The varieties are divided into 4 groups: early maturing (average term of maturity until 20 July) – Yakutskay; mid-season maturing (until July 25) – Altaiskaya Rannyaya and Khara Kytalyk; medium-ripening (1 August for most varieties) - Erkeeni, Lubimitsa Altaya, Seyanetz Golubki, Konservnaya, Myuryuchuaana and Vystavochnaya; and late maturing (until 5 August) – Pamyati Shukshina and Krupnaya Zotovoy. It has been found out that the dates of the ripening phase are determined by the start dates of the growing season (r=0.53 to 0.87) and flowering (r=0.55 to 0.86).
References
1. Golyaeva, O.D., Knyazev, S.D. & Kurashev, O.D. (2015). Advances and prospects of small fruits breeding and variety investigation in the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Horticulture and viticulture, 3, 23-28. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Knyazev, S.D. & Bayanova, L.V. (1999). Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 351-373). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Knyazev, S.D., Levgerova, N.S., Makarkina, M.A., Pikunova, A.V., Salina, E.S., Chekalin, E.I., Yanchuk, T.V. & Shavyrkina, M.A. (2016). Black currant breeding: methods, achievements, directions. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Knyazev, S.D. & Ogoltsova, T.P. (2004). Black currant breeding at present. Orel: OrelGAU. (In Russian).
5. Sergeeva, N.S. (2000). Winter hardiness and productivity of black currant hybrids. Yakut village at the turn of the century: In View of the future specialist: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp 64). Yakutsk. (In Russian).
6. Sorokopudov, V.N. & Melkumova, Ye.A. (2003). Biological features of currant and gooseberry at an introduction. Novosibirsk. (In Russian).
7. Chertkova, M.A., Gotovtseva, L.P. & Sergeeva N.S. (2003 a). The estimation of adaptive abilities of black currant varieties in Jakutia. In Problems of sustainable development of Siberian horticulture: Proc. Sci. Conf. devoted to the 70-year anniversary of V.A. Lisavenko NIISS (pp 156-160). Barnaul: NIISS. (In Russian).
8. Chertkova, M.A., Gotovtseva, L.P. & Sergeeva N.S. (2003 b). Study of adaptable material of black currant hybrids in Yakutia. In Botanic gardens as centers of study and preservation of biological diversity (pp 175-178). Yakutsk: Yakutsk State University. (In Russian).
Abstract
Shvirst, E.P. (2017). Peculiarities of innovation process in small-fruit growing in Magadan region. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 35-42. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00013. (In Russian, English abstract).
Regions of the Far Eastern Extreme North which include the Magadan region possess the unique speciments of berry crops. At the same time, there is not a recognized variety available, and this is connected with the specific agroecological conditions in the territory, which do not enable using the total assortment of small-fruit crops. One of such factors is accumulated temperatures during an active vegetation period. This index amounted 948 to 1450°C in the region during a period of years 2010 to 2016; in regions located in the Russian North-West, the accumulated temperatures were 1600 to 1800ºC in an active vegetation period. To adapt small-fruit crop varieties of other regions, in 2010, for the first time in the regional area, a fruit crop nursery was founded where introduced promising seedlings of domestic varieties of small-fruit crops (honeysuckle, black currant, red currant, sweet-berry mountain ash) were distributed.
The objective of the work conducted in the nursery was an implementation of a strain testing of introduced domestic varieties of small-fruit crops picked out on the basis of a complex of adaptive significant characters, to develop new varieties which combine a high productivity with a quality of fruits and resistance to stresses in agroecological conditions of Magadan region.
Peculiarities of the innovation process in small-fruit growing in the territory are examined by the author in the article. Evaluation of the new varieties of small-fruit crops in presented. The recommendations are given on expediency of use of small-fruit crops assortment from other regions.
By the means of investigations carried out in years 2010 to 2016 in the nursery it was ascertained that in conditions of new territory the varieties of the small-fruit crops of an assortment from other regions were characterized by reduced adaptive abilities as well by susceptibility to abiotic stress factors in the territory. Their rhythm of seasonal development did not meet the agroecological conditions of a new territory. A period of adaptation of the varieties was prolonged greatly despite used method of a climatic analog. As a result of these studies, a conclusion has been drawn that developing small-fruit crop varieties from other regions is inexpedient in future because the influence of the territorial abiotic stress factors proved to be significant extremely.
In a process of the studies, we investigated selection samples of sweet-berry honeysuckle, obtained from the best wild forms picked out on the basis of mobilizing genetic resources of indigenous natural flora, which were found in the continental part of the region. An advantage of the selection was given to the samples possessing an original taste, large fruits and high yield. On the basis of studied aggregate parameters, 28% of sweet-berry seedlings of years 2011–2012 planting, possessing the best indices of economically useful characters, have been picked out to continue the investigations. Further study of these samples will enable to obtain a sweet-berry variety having a high productivity, excellent quality of fruits and resistance both to abiotic and biotic stress factors of the territory.
References
1. Kulikov, I.Ì., Medvedev, S.M. & Urusov, V.F. (2009). Informative resources of innovative development in fruit and berry subcomplex. Herald of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 5, 12-13. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Kulikov, I.M. & Metlitskiy, O.Z. (2007). Fruit and berry production in the world. Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis, 9, 10-13. (In Russian).
3. Plekhanova, M.N. (1999). Honeysuckle. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 444–457). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Knyazev, S.D. & Bayanova, L.V. (1999). Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 351–373). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
5. Dolmatov, E.A. & Poplavskaya T.K. (1999). Aronia, amelanchier, rowan. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 396–403). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
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7. Shvirst, E.P. (2017). Problems of new berry variety adaptation in the far north of the Far East. Contemporary tendencies of science and technology development.3(1), 138-143. (In Russian).
8. Yushev, A. A. (Ed.). (2008). Fruit and berry crops : guidebook. Sankt Petersburg: Russian Collection: Azbooka. (In Russian).
Abstract
Tashmatova, L.V., Matzneva, O.V. & Shakhov, V.V. (2017). Inducing of apple triploids in vitro. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 43-48. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00014. (In Russian, English abstract).
The possibilities of colchicines treatment of buds and shoot tips of apple varieties Bolotovskoye, Imrus and Veteran in vitro have been studied. The results of the studies are given. The conditions for increasing the time of exposure of amitotic on apple meristems are described. The positive effect of the use of the nutrient medium QL on the duration of exposure to colchicine at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.02% is shown.
The maximum time of exposure of Imrus meristems to colchicine was 288 hours (12 days) with amitotic concentration 0.02%; in the Bolotovskoye variety it was 288 hours with colchicines concentration 0.01%; in the Veteran variety it was 120 hours with colchicines concentration 0.02%.
The efficient use of QL nutrient medium on the further development of apple micro shoots has been observed. In three months of the cultivation the coefficient of the development reached a value of 5. Buds as well as shoots sufficient for rooting were formed.
References
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NURSERY AND AN AGROTECHNICS OF FRUIT CROPS
Abstract
Bezukh, E.P. (2017). Promising method for growing high-quality seedlings of fruit crops. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 49-55. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00015. (In Russian, English abstract).
The article presents the results of research on two-year cultivation of apple seedlings of winter grafting with a combination of protected and open ground. Two schemes of planting winter grafted apple trees in the greenhouses were studied. Biometrics and yield of seedlings per unit area was significantly higher when planting winter grafts in three lines on the diagram 40+20+20õ15 cm. The increase in row planting up to three increased the annual output of seedlings of apple varieties Tellesaare by 58.5 thousand units per 1 ha, compared to the single-line diagram of the landing. Biometric indicators of apple seedlings grown without transplanting in the open ground under the scheme 80õ15 cm in the second year significantly exceeded the performance of transplanted plants. With this method, it is possible to grow all the seedlings of fruit crops. The most promising method of growing seedlings of fruit crops allows to significantly increasing the quality and quantity of planting material and guarantees to obtain seedlings suitable for laying the modern intensive orchards.
References
1. Alferov, V.A. (2012). Technological trends and tendencies of intensification of horticulture. Fruit growing and viticulture of south Russia, 13, 65-69. Retrived from http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/12/01/07.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
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3. Bezukh, E.P. (2011). Breeding of fruit crops in North-West of Russia: results of research for 2006-2010. News of the St.-Petersburg state agrarian university, 25, 9-14. (In Russian, English abstract).
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9. Ryabtseva, T.V. & Gadzhiev, S.A. (2005). Growth and beginning of fruiting of apple intensive orchard planted by two-year-old seedlings of different types of crown formation in the nursery. Fruit-growing, 17(1), 129-133. (In Russian, English abstract).
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16. Kramer, R. (1990). Obstlehr in Italien. Baumschule / Deutsch, (12), 595-597.
17. Sadowski, A., Rubacka, I., & Jablonski, R. (2003). Initial growth, yield and fruit quality of «Gloster» apple trees, depending on the type of one-year old nursery trees used for planting. Sodininkyste ir Darzininkyste, 22(4), 60-67
18. Theron, K.I., Steyn, W.J. & Jacobs, G. (2000). Induction of proleptic shoot formation on pome fruit nursery trees. Acta Hortic. 514, 235-244. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.514.27
Abstract
Savelieva, N.N., Yushkov, A.N., Akimov, M.Yu. & Zemisov, A.S. (2017). Economical efficiency of cultivation of new apple varieties bred in I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 56-59. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00016. (In Russian, English abstract).
The main purpose for producers in fruit growing is receiving a profit, providing high profitability and to reducing material and labor costs. The development of scientific support for the horticultural industry is becoming the most important now. One can find it in the acceleration of the breeding process, in development of varieties with improved biological properties, high productivity and important consuming qualities of fruits. The interest of businessmen in cultivation of horticultural crops creates guaranteed demand for fruits all the year round. Very often economical efficiency of fruit production depends on the presence of modern storage and fruit-processing enterprises. The distribution of competitive highly adaptive apple varieties allows increasing the volume of domestic horticultural products and provides effective import substitution in this sector.
References
1. Egorov, E.A., Paramonov, P.F. & Sinyagovskaya Zh.G. (2005). Economical efficiency of fruit production and marketing. Krasnodar: Kuban State Agrarian University. (In Russian).
2. Saveliev, N.I., Yushkov, A.N. & Savelieva N.N. (2010). Genetic potential of fruit resistance to abiotic stressors. Michurinsk: VNIIGISPR. (In Russian).
3. Savelieva, N.N. (2016). Biological and Genetic Characteristics of Apple and Breeding of Scab-Immune and Columnar Varieties. Michurinsk: VNIIGISPR. (In Russian).
4. Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Makarkina M.A., Levgerova N.S., Serova Z.M., Korneyeva S.A., Gorbacheva N.G., Salina E.S., Yanchuk T.V., Pikunova A.V., Ozherelieva Z.E. (2015). The innovations in apple genome modification opening new prospects in breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
5. Sedov E.N., Krasova N.G., Zhdanov V.V., Dolmatov E.A. & Mozhar N.V. (1999). Pip crops (apple, pear, common quince). In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253–255). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
Abstract
Efremov, I.N., Guliaeva, A.A. & Berlova, T.N. (2017). The assessment of the influence of preparations applied as rooting stimulators on the biometric indications of clone cherry rootstocks. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 60-64. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00017. (In Russian, English abstract).
Biometric indications of rooted softwood cuttings of clone cherry rootstocks VP-1, V-2-180, V-2-230, V-5-88 and V-5-172 are given relative to the applied stimulators of rooting Tzirkon, IMK and Epin-Ekstra. According to the study results when applying indole-butyric acid the best biometric indications were displayed at root formation in V-2-180 and V-2-230; at conditional root neck diameterin VP-1, V-2-230; at root length in V-2-180 and V-5-88; at rootstock height in V-5-172 and V-2-180 and at annual increment height in V-2-230. When applying Tzirkon preparation the best biometric indications were displayed in V-5-172 at root formation; at conditional root neck diameter in V-2-230 and V-2-180; at root length in V-5-172; at rootstock height in V-2-180 and at annual increment height in V-2-180. When applying Epin-Ekstra the best biometric indications were displayed in V-2-180 at root formation; at conditional root neck diameter in VP-1 and V-2-230; at root length in V-2-230; at rootstock height in V-2-230 and V-2-180 and at annual increment height in V-2-230.
References
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Abstract
Nasonova, G.V. (2017). Problem of combating brown rot on cherry and its solution. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 65-73. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00018. (In Russian, English abstract).
Cherry is one of the most common stone fruit crop in the middle zone of Russia. Its fruit are a valuable component for food diet. However, in recent decades there has been a sharp reduction in the cherry area and fall in yields. This is due to a number of reasons, chief of which is exposure to the various diseases that have a negative impact on overall tree health, ultimately, on their productivity and durability. One of the most harmful diseases of cherry is brown rot, the epiphytoty of which appeared in the Central zone of Russia in 1995 expressed in the wilting flowers and drying of the branches along with the ovaries. The harmfulness of this disease increases every year. In spring the pathogen affects not only the blossoms and branches. At a later stage of the fungus development suffer the fruits that shrink, are mummified, fall or hang on the trees until the following spring. As a result of the affection this leads not only to lower yields, but also to a complete tree death. The spread of brown rot reduced the huge areas of cherry orchards. In spite of the fact that the disease was known long ago and yielded losses to farms, there was no sufficient attention to protection measures. To solve this problem it is necessary to study the features of brown rot development, reveal resistant cherry varieties and develop the measures of protection on the ground of using modern fungicides.
References
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ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTUR
Abstract
Vasekha, V.V., Kazlouskaya, Z.A. & Yankouskaya, I.G. (2017). Methodology of evaluation of ornamental apple trees. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 74-81. DOI: 10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00019. (In Russian, English abstract).
References
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8. Dolmatov, E.A. & Kornilov, B.B. (2017). Morphobiological characteristic of elite ornamental apple genotypes from the gene pool of All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Pomiculture and small fruit culture in Russia, 48(1), 78-82. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Kornilov, B.B. & Dolmatov, E.A. (2016). The estimation of aesthetic qualities of ornamental apple and pear genotypes of VNIISPK gene pool. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 92-99. Retrieved from http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2016/1/14.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).