Since 2024, the journal has been published on the National Platform of Periodical Scientific Publications of the Russian Center for Scientific Research https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-6701/index
2020 ¹1
PERSONALITIES
Abstract
Kotov, L.A. (2020). Dibrova Porfiry Afanasevich - an outstanding breeder of the Ural apple varieties. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 1-9. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2020-10101
The outstanding breeder of the Ural apple varieties Dibrova Porfiry Afanasevich is widely known in the Urals and in many regions of Siberia and the Far East. He was born on February 23, 1883 in the village of Kharkivtsi, Lokhvitsky district, Poltava region, in a family of Cossacks engaged in peasant labor. He was sent to school late - he graduated from the three-year parish school in 1900 at the age of 17 years. He received secondary agriculture in 1915 at the Moscow Agricultural School of the Society for Agriculture. For some time he worked in the famous Mliyev experimental gardening station, headed by Lev Platonovich Simirenko himself. After the destruction of this gardening station and successive relocations to many other scientific research institutions of the Soviet Union, he got a job at a Sverdlovsk gardening breeding station, remote from the center of the country, for his favorite specialty in breeding new Ural quality apple varieties, where he successfully worked on the creation of fruit crop varieties. And this is in a very frosty region, which was considered impossible for gardening. P.A. Dibrova was a creative extraordinary person. He skillfully applied elements of the Michurin teachings. He sought to quickly create new varieties by growing seedlings of seeds from relatively winter-hardy varieties of the middle band, due to the best Ural forms grown from seeds, representing the second and third generations of middle-band seeds, he used the pruning of the lower branches on hybrid seedlings, multiple transplants of young seedlings to fresh soil, pruning them for reverse growth, good care of hybrids, ridges, mass use of seeds of valuable varieties of Michurin.
The outstanding breeder of the Ural apple varieties Dibrova Porfiry Afanasevich is widely known in the Urals and in many regions of Siberia and the Far East. He was born on February 23, 1883 in the village of Kharkivtsi, Lokhvitsky district, Poltava region, in a family of Cossacks engaged in peasant labor. He was sent to school late - he graduated from the three-year parish school in 1900 at the age of 17 years. He received secondary agriculture in 1915 at the Moscow Agricultural School of the Society for Agriculture. For some time he worked in the famous Mliyev experimental gardening station, headed by Lev Platonovich Simirenko himself. After the destruction of this gardening station and successive relocations to many other scientific research institutions of the Soviet Union, he got a job at a Sverdlovsk gardening breeding station, remote from the center of the country, for his favorite specialty in breeding new Ural quality apple varieties, where he successfully worked on the creation of fruit crop varieties. And this is in a very frosty region, which was considered impossible for gardening. P.A. Dibrova was a creative extraordinary person. He skillfully applied elements of the Michurin teachings. He sought to quickly create new varieties by growing seedlings of seeds from relatively winter-hardy varieties of the middle band, due to the best Ural forms grown from seeds, representing the second and third generations of middle-band seeds, he used the pruning of the lower branches on hybrid seedlings, multiple transplants of young seedlings to fresh soil, pruning them for reverse growth, good care of hybrids, ridges, mass use of seeds of valuable varieties of Michurin.
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Chebotok, E.M. (2020). Replenishment of the assortment of black currants for the Volga-Vyatka region. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 10-15. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2020-10102
At the Sverdlovsk Breeding Station of Horticulture, new adaptive varieties of black currant, fruitful, with high commercial qualities of berries, have been bred. The morphological, biological and economic characteristics of these varieties are given. Origin of the Udalec variety: Slavyanka × Valovaya. Variety of medium-early ripening, universal use. The bush is medium-sized, semi-spreading. Average yield 71.1 c / ha. Berries with an average weight of 1.6 g, maximum up to 2.6 g, black, rounded, with a skin of medium thickness. Berries taste sweet and sour, with a refreshing aroma. They contain: sugar 10.2%, acid 4.7%, vitamin C 125.7 mg%. Tasting assessment of fresh berries 5.0 points. The variety is winter-hardy, high drought and heat resistance. It was affected by septoria up to 15%, anthracnose up to 6.3%, was not affected by powdery mildew, and up to 5% was damaged by a kidney mite. Origin of the Vympel variety: 2-1-87 (Leningradskij velikan × Minaj Shmyrev) × Valovaya. A variety of medium ripening, universal use. The bush is vigorous, semi-spreading. Average yield – 49.5 kg / ha. Berries with an average weight of 1.2 g, maximum – up to 2.3 g, black, round, with a thin skin. The berry has a sweet taste with a refreshing aroma. They contain sugar: 9.1%, acid 2.0%, vitamin C 260 mg%. Tasting assessment of fresh berries – 5.0 points. Winter hardiness, drought resistance and heat resistance are high. Resistance to diseases and pests at the level of standard varieties. Variety Udalec was included in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage in 2017, Vympel variety - in 2020.
At the Sverdlovsk Breeding Station of Horticulture, new adaptive varieties of black currant, fruitful, with high commercial qualities of berries, have been bred. The morphological, biological and economic characteristics of these varieties are given. Origin of the Udalec variety: Slavyanka × Valovaya. Variety of medium-early ripening, universal use. The bush is medium-sized, semi-spreading. Average yield 71.1 c / ha. Berries with an average weight of 1.6 g, maximum up to 2.6 g, black, rounded, with a skin of medium thickness. Berries taste sweet and sour, with a refreshing aroma. They contain: sugar 10.2%, acid 4.7%, vitamin C 125.7 mg%. Tasting assessment of fresh berries 5.0 points. The variety is winter-hardy, high drought and heat resistance. It was affected by septoria up to 15%, anthracnose up to 6.3%, was not affected by powdery mildew, and up to 5% was damaged by a kidney mite. Origin of the Vympel variety: 2-1-87 (Leningradskij velikan × Minaj Shmyrev) × Valovaya. A variety of medium ripening, universal use. The bush is vigorous, semi-spreading. Average yield – 49.5 kg / ha. Berries with an average weight of 1.2 g, maximum – up to 2.3 g, black, round, with a thin skin. The berry has a sweet taste with a refreshing aroma. They contain sugar: 9.1%, acid 2.0%, vitamin C 260 mg%. Tasting assessment of fresh berries – 5.0 points. Winter hardiness, drought resistance and heat resistance are high. Resistance to diseases and pests at the level of standard varieties. Variety Udalec was included in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage in 2017, Vympel variety - in 2020.
References
1. Batmanova, E.M. (2011). Creation and evaluation of the blackcurrant gene pool in the conditions of the Middle Urals (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Altai State Agrarian University, Barnaul, Russia. (In Russian).
2. Anonymous (2020). State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage (National List). Vol.1 "Plant varieties" (official publication). Moscow: FGBNU "Rosinformagrotekh". (In Russian).
3. Knyazev, S.D., & Ogoltsova, T.P. (2004). Black currant breeding at present. Orel: OrelGAU. (In Russian).
4. Kozhevnikov, A.P. (2016). Varietal renewal of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) by introduction and analytical selection methods. Forests of Russia and the economy in them, 3(58), 42-47. (In Russian).
5. Nazaryuk, N.I. (2016). Assessment of black currant varieties of the Sverdlovsk breeding in Altai. In Agricultural science - to agriculture: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 193-195). Barnaul: Altai State Agrarian University. (In Russian).
6. Ogoltsova, T.P., & Kuminov, E.P. (1995). Blackcurrant breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods of selection fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 314-340). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
7. Knyazev, S.D., & Bayanova, L.V. (1999). Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 351-373). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Sazonov, F.F. The biological potential of blackcurrant and the possibility of its implementation in new varieties. In Selection and Variety Cultivation of Garden Crops: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 167-170). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
9. Shagina, T.V. (2010). The study of promising blackcurrant seedlings of black selection of the Sverdlovsk selection gardening station. In Scientific support for adaptive gardening in the Ural region: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 132-138). Ekaterinburg: GNU Sverdlovsk SSS VSTISP Russian Agricultural Academy. (In Russian).
10. Shagina, T.V. (2005). Results of black currant selection. In Prospects for northern gardening at the present stage: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 166-171). Ekaterinburg: GU SSSS. (In Russian).
11. Shagina, T.V. (2008). The results of breeding black currant in the Middle Urals. In Konyaevskie reading: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 269-271). Ekaterinburg: UrGSKHA. (In Russian).
12. Shagina, T.V. (2016). Blackcurrant varieties for the Ural garden. In Konyaevskie reading: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 268-270). Yekaterinburg: Ural State Agraricultural University. (In Russian).
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
Abstract
Kornilov, B.B., Ozhereleva, Z.E., Dolmatov, E.A., & Khrykina, T.A. (2020). Results of the study of winter hardiness of some ornamental apple varieties of the VNIISPK gene pool under controlled conditions. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 16-22. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2020-10103
The purpose of the research is to reveal in the VNIISPK selection apple pool ornamental genotypes having high winter hardiness in conditions of the Orel region. The winter hardiness assessment results are given of 16 ornamental apple genotypes of different ecological, geographical and genetic origin revealed in the gene pool of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and during the expedition surveys of 5 sites located on the territory of the Orel region. The studies were carried out in 2012—2014 using the methodology of M.M. Tyurina et al. (1999) together with the VNIISPK laboratory of physiology of fruit crop resistance. The artificial freezing of the shoots was conducted in the climatic chamber “ESPEC” PSL-2KPH (with a temperature range from -70°C to +150°C and adjustable humidity) for 4 components of winter hardiness. Component I provides the resistance to early frosts of November – early December; Component II characterizes the maximal degree of frost hardiness; Component III characterizes the maintaining sustainability during thaws; Component IV characterizes the ability to restore the resistance when re-hardening after thaws. It has been determined that the 16 studied objects have Component I. The resistance to simulated temperatures according to Component II is characteristic for 3 studied genotypes. According to Component III, the resistance was identified in 11 apple genotypes. 15 studied objects have Component IV. All four components of winter hardiness are inherent in 3 genotypes (M. baccata (L.) Borkh. f. pendula, 3-4-98 and 3-3-72). We consider the best in winter hardiness apple genotypes as the most suitable for use in landscaping and breeding for this trait.
The purpose of the research is to reveal in the VNIISPK selection apple pool ornamental genotypes having high winter hardiness in conditions of the Orel region. The winter hardiness assessment results are given of 16 ornamental apple genotypes of different ecological, geographical and genetic origin revealed in the gene pool of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and during the expedition surveys of 5 sites located on the territory of the Orel region. The studies were carried out in 2012—2014 using the methodology of M.M. Tyurina et al. (1999) together with the VNIISPK laboratory of physiology of fruit crop resistance. The artificial freezing of the shoots was conducted in the climatic chamber “ESPEC” PSL-2KPH (with a temperature range from -70°C to +150°C and adjustable humidity) for 4 components of winter hardiness. Component I provides the resistance to early frosts of November – early December; Component II characterizes the maximal degree of frost hardiness; Component III characterizes the maintaining sustainability during thaws; Component IV characterizes the ability to restore the resistance when re-hardening after thaws. It has been determined that the 16 studied objects have Component I. The resistance to simulated temperatures according to Component II is characteristic for 3 studied genotypes. According to Component III, the resistance was identified in 11 apple genotypes. 15 studied objects have Component IV. All four components of winter hardiness are inherent in 3 genotypes (M. baccata (L.) Borkh. f. pendula, 3-4-98 and 3-3-72). We consider the best in winter hardiness apple genotypes as the most suitable for use in landscaping and breeding for this trait.
References
1. Isachkin, A.V. (2016). On the state of ornamental crops in Russia. The Association of planting material producers. Retrieved from: http://www.ruspitomniki.ru/articles/page207.php.
2. Kichina, V.V. (1999). Fruit and berry crop breeding for high degree of winter hardiness. Moscow. (In Russian).
3. Kornilov, B.B., & Dolmatov, E.A. (2015). Winter hardiness of ornamental apple and pear genotypes. Pomiculture & Small Fruits Culture in Russia. 41, 180-185. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Kornilov, B.B. & Ozherelieva, Z.E. (2017). Winter hardiness and drought resistance of some genotypes of ornamental apple from VNIISPK collection. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00032. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kornilov B.B., & Dolmatov E.A. (2014). Winter hardiness estimation of ornamental pome crops (apple, pear) by field method. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 3, 19 – 24. http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2014/3/34.pdf. (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Krasova, N.G., Ozherelieva, Z.E., Golyshkina, L.V., Makarkina, M.A. & Galasheva, A.M. (2014). Winter hardiness of apple cultivars. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
7. Kulikov, I.M., & Artukhova, A.V. (2008). Ornamental horticulture of Russia: yesterday, today, tomorrow (the experience of VSTISP). In: Ornamental horticulture of Russia: Sci. Conf. Proc., (pp.3-11). Sochi. (In Russian).
8. Ozherelieva, Z.E., & Sedov, E.N. (2014). Influence of thaws in winter on apple frost resistance. In Breeding, genetics and varietal agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp 76-79). (In Russian).
9. Ozherelieva, Z.E., & Sedov, E.N. (2010). Study of triploid apple cultivars for winter hardiness components. In Biological basis of horticulture and vegetable growing: Sci. Conf. Proc., (pp. 244-248). Michurinsk. (In Russian).
10. Potapov, V.A., Andreyeva, N.V., Bobrovich, L.V. et al. (2003). Frost resistant and winter hardy low-sized clonal apple rootstocks. In A role of cultivars and new technologies in the intensive horticulture: Sci. Conf. Proc., (pp. 278-280). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
11. Rezviakova, S.V. (2007). Evaluation of fruit crops for winter hardiness components. Orel: OrelGAU. (In Russian).
12. Saveliev, N.I., Yushkov, A.N., & Kruzhkov, A.V. (2011). Analysis of meteorological factors destabilizing the implementation of the action potential of fruit crops in conditions of the Tambov region. KUBGAU Scientific Journal, 6, 1-13. (In Russian).
13. Sedov, E.N., & Dolmatov, E.A. (1997). Pear breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
14. Tyurina, M.M., Krasova, N.G., Rezviakova, S.V., Saveliev, N.I., Gigadlo, E.N., Ogoltsova, T.P. (1999). Study of winter hardiness of fruit and berry cultivars in the field and laboratory conditions. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 59-68). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
15. Upadysheva, G.Y., Minaeva, N.A., & Frolova, E.S. (2006). The state of scientific and industrial plantings of fruit crops in VSTISP after winter 2005/2006. Pomiculture & Small Fruits Culture in Russia. 16, 85-89. (In Russian).
16. Coleman, W.K., & Estabrooks, E.N. (1985). Chemical modification of cold hardiness in apple trees in eastern Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65, 969–975. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-123
17. Doroshenko, T.N. (2001). Early diagnostics of frost resistance in Horticultural plant breeding. Horticulture and Vegetable Growing: Scientific works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horiculture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture, 20, 84–90. (In Russian).
Abstract
Reut, A.A., & Pyatina, I.S. (2020). The introduction of Hemerocallis Middendorffii Trautv. et C.A. Mey in the South-Ural botanical garden-institute UFRS RAS. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 23-29. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2020-10104
The article presents the results of an introduction study of Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et C. A. Mey on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of this work is to study the biological features of H. middendorffii when introduced into the forest – steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis Ural. Information on the biology, geography and culture species is provided. The seasonal rhythm of plant development, life forms, morphology and mass of 1000 seeds are determined according to the generally accepted terminology and methods. An analysis of the growth dynamics of the studied species showed that the most intensive growth of leaves is observed before the budding phase in the phase of spring regrowth, while the stems grow intensively in the bud phase, and at the end of flowering, the growth of leaves and stems stops. The data of long-term phenospectrum showed that in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis Ural, H. middendorfii has a stable phenospectrum and belongs to the phenorithmotype of long-growing spring-summer green species. Adult individuals bloom regularly and massively, bear fruit, multiply by seeds and vegetatively. In the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan winter without shelter. Plant attacks after winter are not marked. H. middendorfii is highly resistant to local climatic conditions, winter-hardy, drought-resistant, not demanding to care, not affected by pests and diseases. In one place, it can grow 8—10 years without loss of decorativeness. It is established that this species is stable in culture in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir pre-Urals and is promising for gardening and selection as a highly ornamental early-flowering species.
The article presents the results of an introduction study of Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et C. A. Mey on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of this work is to study the biological features of H. middendorffii when introduced into the forest – steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis Ural. Information on the biology, geography and culture species is provided. The seasonal rhythm of plant development, life forms, morphology and mass of 1000 seeds are determined according to the generally accepted terminology and methods. An analysis of the growth dynamics of the studied species showed that the most intensive growth of leaves is observed before the budding phase in the phase of spring regrowth, while the stems grow intensively in the bud phase, and at the end of flowering, the growth of leaves and stems stops. The data of long-term phenospectrum showed that in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis Ural, H. middendorfii has a stable phenospectrum and belongs to the phenorithmotype of long-growing spring-summer green species. Adult individuals bloom regularly and massively, bear fruit, multiply by seeds and vegetatively. In the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan winter without shelter. Plant attacks after winter are not marked. H. middendorfii is highly resistant to local climatic conditions, winter-hardy, drought-resistant, not demanding to care, not affected by pests and diseases. In one place, it can grow 8—10 years without loss of decorativeness. It is established that this species is stable in culture in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir pre-Urals and is promising for gardening and selection as a highly ornamental early-flowering species.
References
1. Artyushenko, Z.M., & Fedorov, A.A. (1990). Atlas on the descriptive morphology of higher plants: seed. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian).
2. Bezdeleva, A.B., Bezdeleva, T.A. (2006). Life forms of seed plants in the Russian Far East. Vladivostok: Dalnauka. (In Russian).
3. Borodich, G.S. (2014). Introduction of daylilies in the Central Botanical Garden of the NAS of Belarus. Bulletin of the NAS of Belarus, Series Biological Sciences, 2, 17–21. (In Russian).
4. Anonymous (1977). Decorative herbaceous plants for the open ground of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian).
5. Zaynetdinova, G.S., Mironova, L.N. (2009). Biological features of representatives of the genus Hemerocallis L. during introduction. Bulletin of OSU, 6, 133-136. (In Russian).
6. Lunina, N.M., Volodko, I.K., Svitkovskaya, O.I., & Ryzhenkova, Yu.I. (2010). Decorative grassy plants of the cultural flora of Belarus. Minsk: Belarusian science. (In Russian).
7. Lapin, L.I. (1972). The methodology of phenological observations in botanical gardens. Moscow: GBS AN USSR. (In Russian).
8. Anonymous (1980). Guidelines for seed production of introducers. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian).
9. Prikhodko, L.A. (2010). Brief results of the introduction of species of the genus Hemerocallis in the Yakutsk Botanical Garden. Vestnik KrasGAU, 7, 30-34. (In Russian).
10. Reut, A.A. (2019). Representatives of the genus Hemerocallis during introduction in the Southern Urals. Scientific almanac, 2-2, 111-114. (In Russian).
11. Sedelnikova, L.L. (2014). Biology of some species of the genus Hemerocallis L. In Problems of Botany in Southern Siberia and Mongolia: a collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the Thirteenth International Scientific and Practical Conf.(pp. 193–194). Barnaul: Concept. (In Russian).
12. Sedelnikova, L.L., & Cheltygmasheva, L.R. (2017). Introduction of representatives of the genus Hemerocallis L. in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Collection of scientific works of the GNSS, 145, 90-97. (In Russian).
13. Serebryakov, I.G. (1962). Ecological morphology of plants. Moscow: Higher School. (In Russian).
14. Serebryakova, T.I., Voronin, N.S., Elenevskiy, A.G., Batygina, T.B., Shorina, N.I., & Savinykh, N.P. (2006). Botany with the basics of phytocenology: anatomy and morphology of plants. Moscow: Academic book. (In Russian).
15. Tsitsilin, A.N. (2015). Medicinal plants. Atlas-directory. Moscow: Eksmo. (In Russian).
Abstract
Emelyanova, O.Yu., & Zolotareva, E.V. (2020). Features of flowering and possibility of the using of the Fabaceae Lindl. family plant of VNIISPK arboretum. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 30-39. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2020-10105
One of the factors for sustainable development of agricultural production is the rational use and reproduction of natural resources, including melliferous plants, which are the fodder base of beekeeping and the main source of valuable products: honey and bee bread. To create a continuous honey harvest from spring to autumn, it is necessary to have information about the features of the development of nectar-bearing plants, the period and duration of their flowering. More than 300 species, forms and varieties of introduced and native flora grow in the arboretum of VNIISPK (Orel region). There are many melliferous plants among them, including melliferous plants of the Fabaceae Lindl family (Caragana arborescens Lam., Gleditschia triacanthos L., Robinia pseudoacacia L.), which are introduced plants. The studies were conducted from 2012 to 2019 according to the following methods: phenological observations according to the methodology of the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences; winter hardiness in the field on a 7-point scale of P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sydneva; assessment of the degree of flowering and fruiting according to 6-point scales for woody plants; determination of the general condition on a 3-point scale of A.G. Golovach. According to the research results Gleditschia triacanthos exhibits weak winter hardiness of annual shoots, which is one of the cause for the low degree of flowering. The general condition was assessed at 1 point in Caragana arborescens and Robinia pseudoacacia and 2 points in Gleditschia triacanthos. In the conditions of the arboretum Caragana arborescens annually stably blooms for 12—18 days from the middle of the third decade of May. Gleditschia triacanthos blooms 5—10 days earlier than in the region of origin and blooms for 2—3 weeks. In some years G. triacanthos freezes and hardly blooms. Robinia pseudoacacia blooms during 14—20 days from the beginning of the third decade of May. Its flowering is very decorative. Among the studied species it has the highest degree of flowering. Evaluation of 3 species of the Fabaceae family of the VNIISPK arboretum gene pool for all the studied parameters revealed that Caragana arborescens and Robinia pseudoacacia are adaptive to the conditions of the region, they bloom stably every year and accordingly they are recommended for use in landscaping and in creating a continuous conveyor of honey harvest in the region.
One of the factors for sustainable development of agricultural production is the rational use and reproduction of natural resources, including melliferous plants, which are the fodder base of beekeeping and the main source of valuable products: honey and bee bread. To create a continuous honey harvest from spring to autumn, it is necessary to have information about the features of the development of nectar-bearing plants, the period and duration of their flowering. More than 300 species, forms and varieties of introduced and native flora grow in the arboretum of VNIISPK (Orel region). There are many melliferous plants among them, including melliferous plants of the Fabaceae Lindl family (Caragana arborescens Lam., Gleditschia triacanthos L., Robinia pseudoacacia L.), which are introduced plants. The studies were conducted from 2012 to 2019 according to the following methods: phenological observations according to the methodology of the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences; winter hardiness in the field on a 7-point scale of P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sydneva; assessment of the degree of flowering and fruiting according to 6-point scales for woody plants; determination of the general condition on a 3-point scale of A.G. Golovach. According to the research results Gleditschia triacanthos exhibits weak winter hardiness of annual shoots, which is one of the cause for the low degree of flowering. The general condition was assessed at 1 point in Caragana arborescens and Robinia pseudoacacia and 2 points in Gleditschia triacanthos. In the conditions of the arboretum Caragana arborescens annually stably blooms for 12—18 days from the middle of the third decade of May. Gleditschia triacanthos blooms 5—10 days earlier than in the region of origin and blooms for 2—3 weeks. In some years G. triacanthos freezes and hardly blooms. Robinia pseudoacacia blooms during 14—20 days from the beginning of the third decade of May. Its flowering is very decorative. Among the studied species it has the highest degree of flowering. Evaluation of 3 species of the Fabaceae family of the VNIISPK arboretum gene pool for all the studied parameters revealed that Caragana arborescens and Robinia pseudoacacia are adaptive to the conditions of the region, they bloom stably every year and accordingly they are recommended for use in landscaping and in creating a continuous conveyor of honey harvest in the region.
References
1. Bogatischeva, I.Y. (2010). Honey of Oryol region forests. Scientific notes of the Oryol State University. Series: Natural, technical and medical sciences, 2, 242-247. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Burmistrov, A.N., & Nikitina, V.A. (1990). Melliferous plants and their pollen: reference book. Moscow: Rosagropromizdat. (In Russian).
3. Golovach, A.G. (1980). Trees, shrubs and lianas of the Botany Garden of the USSR. Leningrad, Nauka. (In Russian).
4. Egorashin, V.G. (2006). Ecological significance of forest beekeeping. Actual problems of the forestry complex, 15, 76-79. (In Russian).
5. Emelyanova, O.Yu., Tsoy, M.F., Pavlenkova, G.A., Masalova, L.I., & Firsov, A.N. (2020). Honey plants of the Fabaceae family of the VNIISPK arboretum gene pool. In Collection of scientific papers on beekeeping (pp. 123-131). Orel, 123-131. (In Russian).
6. Komlatsky, G.V., Sokolsky, S.S., & Usenko, T.A. (2020). Beekeeping as a necessary factor of APC development. Polythematic online scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, 157, 52-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-157-005
7. Koropochinskiy, I.Yu., & Vstovskaya, T.N. (2012). Woody plants of the Asian part of Russia. (pp. 408-410). Novosibirsk: Geo. (In Russian).
8. Kostyleva, E.N., & Zhitin, Yu.I. (2012). Specific features of honey plants bloo under humid subtropical conditions. Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis, 4, 31-33. (In Russian. English abstract).
9. Kostyleva, E.N., & Zhitin, Yu.I. (2011). Geographic features of the composition and bioecological properties of melliferous resources. Vestnik of the Voronezh State Agrarian University, 4 (31), 33-37. (In Russian).
10. Lapin, P.I., & Sidneva, S.V. (1975). The assessment of plant species freezing degree. In Woody plants of the Central Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences (pp. 18–19). Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian).
11. Mazur, R.V., Safin, I.F., & Ismagilova, U.I. (2019). The use of forests for farming of beekeping in Ufa forestry. Russian electronic scientific journal, 4 (34), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2019-34-4-199-206
12. Naumkin, V.P. (2015). Study of the gene pool of melliferous plants. Russian Agricultural Science Review, 5, 5-1, 270-273. (In Russian).
13. Ozherelieva, Z.E., Emelyanova, O.Yu., & Firsov, A.N. (2017). The determination of the basic winter hardiness components of ornamental tree and bush species of different ecological and geographical origin under controlled conditions. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary Horticulture, 2, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00022
14. Ostroborodova, N.I. (2016). Analysis of the nectar database in GKU «Belinskoe forestry» In Problems and monitoring of natural ecosystems: Proc. III Int. Sci. Conf. (pp. 105-109). (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Plotnikova, L.S. (1972). Methodology of phenological observations of introduced woody plants. In Methodology of phenological observations in Botanical Gardens of the USSR (pp. 40-46). Moscow: GBS Publishing House. (In Russian).
16. Elias, T.C. (2014). Field Guide to North American Trees. [Translation from English] I.Yu. Korpachinskiy (ed.) (pp. 627-677). Novosibirsk, Geo. (In Russian).
17. Hisamov, R., Farkhutdinov, R., & Onuchin, M. (2015). Identification specific and quantitative composition of the nectar of plants in the deciduous forest zone of Ufa plateau and the prospects for their rational use in apiculture. Vestnik Bashkir State Agrarian University, 3 (35), 106-111. (In Russian, English abstract).
18. Sharygin, A.M., & Shelukho, V.P. (2016). Use of woods typological analysis in assessing melliferous capacity of forests. Biospheric compatibility: human, region, technologies, 3 (15), 92-97. (In Russian, English abstract).
19. Ayers, G.S., & Harman, J.R. (1992). Bee forage of North America and the potential for planting for bees. In J.M. Graham (Ed.) The hive and the honey bee (pp. 437-533). Illinois: Dadant&Sons Inc. Hamilton.
Abstract
Seredin, T.M., Ivanova, Ì.I., Schumilina, V.V., Ushakova, I.Ò., & Marcheva, Ì.Ì. (2020). Perennial onions for food, decorative and medicinal purposes. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 1, 40-48. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2020-10106
The aspiration to systematize all variety of onions is marked already in III of century B.C. Genus Allium L. is one of the largest and widespread among vascular plants of the globe. According to various researchers, it unites from 800 to 900 kinds from different data. Therefore, exceptional value in a feed and in decorative aims for a man present the perennial onions consumed in a fresh kind. The present studies have examined the 21 kind of ornamental food onions: Allium altaicum L., Allium fistulosum L., Allium schoenoprasum L., Allium obliquum L., Allium moly L., Allium aflatunense F., Allium nutans L., Allium ramosum L., Allium ursinum L., Allium Ledebura, Allium oreophilum L., Allium caeruleum L., Allium erubescens L., Allium senescens L., Allium Christofy, Allium roseum L., Allium sphaerocephalon, Allium caesium L., Allium Ambassador, Allium Rozenbaha. In studying perennial onions, the main morphological signs, degree of resistance to cold, degree of decorativeness were described. As a result of estimation on resistance to cold 47 collection samples are distinguished ten, on which further selection work is conducted. According to the complex of main morphometric features five collection samples have been distinguished, which conduct further selection work on evaluation of decorative and food qualities of perennial onions. It is necessary to a perspective collection sample: Ê-154 (Allium aflatunense F.), as well as for cultivation in low temperatures, so for till as decorative cultivation as decorative perennial onions, and also necessity of the use it in allarias, mixed beds.
The aspiration to systematize all variety of onions is marked already in III of century B.C. Genus Allium L. is one of the largest and widespread among vascular plants of the globe. According to various researchers, it unites from 800 to 900 kinds from different data. Therefore, exceptional value in a feed and in decorative aims for a man present the perennial onions consumed in a fresh kind. The present studies have examined the 21 kind of ornamental food onions: Allium altaicum L., Allium fistulosum L., Allium schoenoprasum L., Allium obliquum L., Allium moly L., Allium aflatunense F., Allium nutans L., Allium ramosum L., Allium ursinum L., Allium Ledebura, Allium oreophilum L., Allium caeruleum L., Allium erubescens L., Allium senescens L., Allium Christofy, Allium roseum L., Allium sphaerocephalon, Allium caesium L., Allium Ambassador, Allium Rozenbaha. In studying perennial onions, the main morphological signs, degree of resistance to cold, degree of decorativeness were described. As a result of estimation on resistance to cold 47 collection samples are distinguished ten, on which further selection work is conducted. According to the complex of main morphometric features five collection samples have been distinguished, which conduct further selection work on evaluation of decorative and food qualities of perennial onions. It is necessary to a perspective collection sample: Ê-154 (Allium aflatunense F.), as well as for cultivation in low temperatures, so for till as decorative cultivation as decorative perennial onions, and also necessity of the use it in allarias, mixed beds.
References
1. Agafonov, A.F., Seredin, T.M., & Dubova, M.V. (2018). Use of species diversity in breeding Allium D. In Vegetable and melon growing: historical aspects, current state, problems and prospects of development: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 19-24). Kruty village, Chernigov region. (In Ukraine).
2. Ivanova, M.I., Bukharov, A.F., Baleev, D.N., Bukharova, A.R., Kashleva, A.I., Seredin, T.M., & Razin, O.A. (2019). Biochemical composition of leaves of Allium L. species in the conditions of the Moscow region. Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis, 33(5), 47-50. (In Russian, English abstract). https://www.doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10511
3. Iksanova, A.M. (2011). Evaluation and selection of the source material for the selection of perennial onions in the conditions of the non-black earth zone of Russia (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). (In Russian).
4. Isaenko, T.N. (2020). Decorative onions and their use in gardening. Agricultural Bulletin of Stavropol Region. 1, 63-66. (In Russian, English abstract). https://www.doi.org/10.31279/2222-9345-2020-9-37-63-66
5. Kokoreva, V.A. (1998). Use of beautiful-flowering onion species (genus Allium L.) to expand the range of decorative perennials in the non-black earth zone of Russia. (pp. 150-158). Penza. (In Russian).
6. Kokareva, V.A., & Titova, I.V. (2007). Onion, garlic and decorative onions. Moscow. (In Russian).
7. Seredin, T.M., Agafonov, A.F., Anikin, A.I., & Shumilina, V.V. (2017). Rare species of perennial onion-red onion (Allium erubescens L.). In New and unconventional plants and prospects for their use: Proc. Sci. Conf. (ðð. 191-193). Moscow. (In Russian).
8. Seredin, T.M., Agafonov, A.F., & Gerasimova, L.I. (2017). Biological and nutritional value of aflatunsky onion. In Vegetable and melon growing: historical aspects, current state, problems and prospects of development : Proc. Sci. Conf (pp 272-274). Kruty village, Chernigov region. (In Russian).
9. Seredin, T.M., Shumilina, V.V., Baranova, E.V., & Shevchenko, T.E. (2019). Species diversity of perennial bows of the collection of the Federal Scientific center of vegetable Growing. Izvestiya FNTSO, 1, 154-157. (In Russian). https://www.doi.org/10.18619/2658-4832-2019-1-154-156
10. Priecina, L., & Karlina, D. (2013). Total polyphenol, flavonoid content and antiradical activity of celery, dill, parsley, onion and garlic dried in conventive and microwave-vacuum dryer. International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, 53(21), 107-112. https://www.doi.org/ 10.7763/IPCBEE